scholarly journals The Status of Livestock of the Inhabitants of the Villages of Seitovo and Timshinyakovo at the End of the 20th Century (Preliminary Results of Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (26)) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Marina N. Tikhomirova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Village ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article summarizes and comprehends quantitative data that make it possible to assess the state of livestock in personal subsidiary farms of the rural population in the conditions of the economy of the post-Soviet period. The text analyzes the dynamics of numbers for all types of farm animals and poultry kept in the inhabitants farms of the villages of Seitovo and Timshinyakovo in absolute and average terms (per 1 household). Also, these data are compared with similar indicators for other settlements of the Samsonovo rural administration. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the 1990s among all the settlements of the Samsonovo rural administration, livestock breeding was most developed in the Tatar settlements of Isheevo, Seitovo and Sibilyakovo. In the inhabitants of the village of Timshinyakovo, livestock breeding decreased due to a decrease in the inhabitants.

Forming domestic ergonomics and ergodesign in the soviet period

Ergodesign ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-305
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova ◽  
Alexandr Sudarik
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Type ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Union Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The 60s-80s of the last century are characterized by emerging a number of theoretical and methodological works devoted to new understanding of design as a person’s interaction with his objective world. These are the works of designers (Fedorov M.V., Minervin G.B. and others), philosophers (Kantor K.M., Shchedrovitsky G.P., Yudin E.G.) and psychologists (Zinchenko V.P., Munipov V.M., Chainova L.D. and others). Common positions were noted in a variety of interpretations; these positions are interdisciplinarity and project-based design. Intensive development of technical means of labour activity determined the need to have an integral system of ideas about a working person, his labour activity, his relationship with the machine and with the environment, his ergonomics. Thanks to the research and development of prominent Russian philosophers, engineers and psychologists, ergonomics received the status of an interdisciplinary, scientific and design discipline of a new type, based on a systemic methodology and an activity approach. On the basis of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics, founded in 1962, a productive integration of design and ergonomics tools was fulfilled; a direction was formed, which would later be called ergodesign. Special interdisciplinary research, projects and developments were organized where specialists from different fields of knowledge studying the human nature participated. In the process of these events the ideas of various disciplines were synthesized. A significant part of the research in the field of ergodesign in the period of 1960s-1980s was carried out within the framework of a closed problem in the field of space ergonomics and defence technology. Some of the solutions in the field of space ergonomics and defence technology related to the developments conversion in the post-Soviet period are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals HUNGARIANS OF TRANSCARPATHIA IN RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND HUNGARY AT THE TURN OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327
Author(s):  
Efim Iosifovich Pivovar ◽  
Alexander Stanislavovich Levchenkov ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to the influence of the problem of the status and situation of the Hungarian population of the Transcarpathian region of modern Ukraine on the Ukrainian-Hungarian relations. Based on a wide range of sources - legislative acts, interstate agreements and other diplomatic documents, statements of politicians and public figures, published in the Hungarian and Ukrainian press, as well as in the media of other countries, the dynamics of changes in the approaches of the two countries to the Hungarian issue in Transcarpathia throughout the post-Soviet period is studied. The prerequisites and reasons for the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and Hungary in the 2010s are determined, including both the features of the historical, cultural and socio-economic development of Transcarpathia itself, and the transformation of the political systems of the two countries. The key factors that provoked the acute Ukrainian-Hungarian crisis in the mid-second half of the 2010s were the educational and language policy of Kiev, aimed at Ukrainization, as well as the refusal to make concessions on the autonomy of the Hungarians of Transcarpathia. At the same time, the issue of Transcarpathian Hungarians is only part of a larger problem of Ukrainian domestic and foreign policy - an attempt to form an ethnocentric model in a multicultural society.

scholarly journals Influence of Turkey on the policy of neutrality and foreign policy of Turkmenistan (1995–2016)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nurbibi Kh. Khudaiberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper analyzes the attitude of Turkey to the policy of neutrality of Turkmenistan in the period from 1995 to 2016. Based on the geopolitical situation in the Central Asian region in the post-Soviet period, the author identifies the reasons for Turkmenistan’s adoption of a neutral status. Among the reasons for this decision by the Turkmen leadership are the deterioration of the situation in the region, the desire of the great powers and regional leaders to strengthen their positions in Central Asia, including in the energy sector, Turkey’s active position in the post-Soviet period aimed at developing political, energy, and humanitarian contacts, and the desire of The Niyazov regime to limit external influence on the country’s internal and foreign policy. The author noted the influence of the status of neutrality on the implementation of Turkmenistan’s foreign policy and the attitude of Turkey to this process. In the development of Turkmenistan’s neutrality policy in 1995–2016, two stages can be conditionally distinguished: the first is 1995–2006 when the policy of neutrality bordering on isolationism, which seriously limited Turkey’s contacts with Turkmenistan; the second is 2007–2016 when the expansion of cooperation between Turkmenistan and Turkey, including in the security sphere. In the 2007–2016 Turkey sought to expand its geopolitical influence over Turkmenistan by maintaining its neutrality, which led to the formation of a close political and economic dialogue between Ankara and Ashgabat.

scholarly journals The rural population dynamics of in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the post-Soviet period: general trends and geographical differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
A.N. Savvinova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Filippova ◽  
T.V. Litvinenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The authors investigate general trends and spatial differences in the rural population dynamics in the Arctic regions (uluses) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in relation to the ethnic factor, features of economic activity and transport accessibility of the territory using statistical, comparative geographical, cartographic and field research methods. Against the general decline by more than a quarter of the rural population of the Yakutia Arctic regions in the post-Soviet period, they obseve significant geographical differences: from a reduction by more than half in the Allaikhovskiy and Verkhnekolymskiy uluses with the smallest share of the indigenous population and industrial and transport development to the population growth in the Olenekskiy and Eveno-Bytantayskiy uluses with the largest share of indigenous peoples and reindeer herding and fishing type of economic activity.

scholarly journals Family entrepreneurship in the countryside: Some details of the portrait

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-799
Author(s):  
O B Bozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Interim Result ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Village ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is an interim result of many years of studies focused on the wide range of issues related to the development of farmers’ movement, to the interaction of contemporary rural entrepreneurs with government, rural population and colleagues in production activities. This project (field expeditions of 2018-2019) aims at assessing the challenges and prospects of the two key social institutions of the Russian village - local authorities and entrepreneurs - in terms of the dominant scenarios of their interaction and their role in stabilizing the situation in rural areas. This two-year field studies repeat the expeditions of a decade ago combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study of specific cases - settlements that represent the features of the Non-Black Earth regions of Russia. The author focuses on the issue actually ignored by researchers of agricultural problems - family entrepreneurship in the countryside. In the introduction, the author provides a brief overview of the specifics of the rural lifestyle in pre-revolutionary Russia. The first part of the article considers social-economic processes in the countryside during the Soviet period, which laid the foundation for the problems that determined the paths of the post-Soviet rural development. The second part of the article presents the features of the post-Soviet period in the life of the village, mainly based on the data of field expeditions to the Russian Non-Black Earth regions in 2004-2008. And, finally, the third part of the article summarizes the author’s first impressions and some results of the 2019 field expeditions and identifies permanent challenges for rural entrepreneurs. For instance, in almost every rural area of the Russian Non-Black Earth regions, one can meet farmers who strive to create a family business but are forced to take numerous tricks to achieve their goal, as if proving M. Certeau theory of resistance of the “weak” to the “strong”.

scholarly journals Hutsul horse breed is an aboriginal breed of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (92) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
L. F. Starodub ◽  
Y. P. Stefurak ◽  
I. V. Stefurak ◽  
I. M. Zelenchuk ◽  
Y. I. Zelenchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Nature Parks ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
The Village

Hutsul horses are the oldest Ukrainian breed and belong to the local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine. The formation and preservation of the Hutsul horse breed took place in Ukrainian lands. Proof of this are built: the state factory stable in the village. Drohobych in the Lviv region in 1822, a horse-breeding station for Hutsul horses in the Luchina meadow in Southern Bukovina (1877), in the Galician Hutsul region two stables of  Hutsul cucumbers: in Kosovo (1891) and in the village of Zhabye (1895). State Herd of Cucumbers in Sudova Vyshna (1907) in Lviv Region. Of the 6 genealogical lines of prominent Hutsul stallions, 3 ogres were born in the Ukrainian lands – Goral, Gurul and Polyan. Measures for the conservation and development of Hutsul horses are held in the Hutsul and Verkhovyna National Nature Parks in international cooperation within the framework of the Poland-Belarus-Ukraine cross-border cooperation program. Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park in 2015 took part in the project “Creation of the Polish-Ukrainian Center for Breeding and Promotion of Hutsul Breed Horses”, and Verkhovynsky National Nature Park in 2020 takes part in the international Ukrainian-Polish project “Knowledge of  Nature and Wealth Carpathians with a Hutsul horse”. According to the State Breeding Register 2011–2017, in Ukraine there is an annual reduction in the number of breeding farms, the total and breeding stock of Hutsul horses. Today, only 2 farms (NGO “Plemkonecentr” and FG “Polonynske farm”) for breeding Hutsul horses have the status of breeders. According to calculations, in accordance with the FAO recommendations, these animals are at critical risk status, and according to the assessment system of the European Livestock Association, Hutsul horse breed is at high risk of losing the gene pool of the breed. To preserve the Hutsul horse breed, the joint cooperation of owners (breeding and private farms) of purebred and the most typical herd of  Hutsul horses, scientists and specialists is necessary.

scholarly journals The Akkulsk Mosque in the Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: A Museum Artefact or a Sacred Space?

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Rozaliya Garipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Sacred Object ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The Akkulsk Mosque, located about 30 kilometers from the city of Semey in northeastern Kazakhstan, was built between 1905 and 1907. With the establishment of Soviet power, the building of the mosque was used as a school and a club and ceased to function as a mosque. In the 1970s, as many inhabitants were living in the village, the building of the mosque began to decay and is currently in a critical situation. Despite the decaying process, people continue to worship the mosque as a sacred object. This allows us to rethink the role of the mosque as a place of spiritual worship, to analyze the unusual form of Islamic religiosity in the post-Soviet period as well as the impact of the Soviet regime on Islam in Kazakhstan.

The risks of social adaptation of servicemen transferred to the reserve, to the conditions of civilian life in Russia and strategies to overcome them

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Razov ◽  
Sergey Evenko
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Military ◽  
Post Soviet Period

It analyzes the risks of social adaptation to civil life in Russia — one of the main difficulties of servicemen transferred to the reserve — as well as strategies to overcome them. The urgency of studying this problem by sociologists due to the importance of sociological understanding of specific social adaptation of discharged military personnel and caused by the process problems, because their solution depends not only social and professional well-being of the social group, but also the status of the military in Russian society, the prestige of military service, much lower in the post-Soviet period. Designed for graduate students, researchers interested in the sociology of risk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of сhanges in the ethnic mosaic of regions of European Russia in periods between the 1897, 1959 and 2010 censuses

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
A. G. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
European Part ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
New Process ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Integral Indicator

The article presents the results of analysis of the dynamics of ethnic processes that took place in European Russia from 1897 to 1959 and from 1959 to 2010. As an integral indicator that reflects the complexity of the ethnic structure of the population of territories, B.M. Eckel ethnic mosaic index was used. This indicator and its dynamics for the indicated time intervals were calculated within the boundaries of the modern federal subjects in the European part of Russia. As a result of the analysis, differences in processes, the conditional border of which was the middle of the 20thcentury, were identified: 1) in the first half of the 20th century, the Russian population actively moved to the national outskirts (modern republics), which almost ceased in the second half of the century; 2) until the middle of the 20th century, intensive assimilation of the non-Russian population (Finno-Ugrians, Belarusians, Ukrainians) along the modern western and southern borders of Russia was taking place, but in the second half of the century assimilation of the Finno-Ugric population was continuing in the northern part of European Russia; 3) for more than a century there was a migration inflow of non-Russian population to the central part of Russia; 4) from the middle of the 20th century, some delay in the intensity of assimilation of foreign-speaking migrants began in comparison with their inflow, which reduced the degree of monoethnicity of a number of regions in the central part of Russia; the exception was Moscow and Leningrad / St. Petersburg, strengthening their assimilation functions; 5) from the middle of the 20th century a new process emerged – the growth of the monoethnicity of a significant part of national autonomies, that accelerated in the post-Soviet period.

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