scholarly journals Ethical and Legal Issues in the Use of Online-Based Health Services (E-Health)

SOEPRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriani Nur Damayanti ◽  
Absori Absori ◽  
Kelik Wardiono ◽  
Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

The internet offers unprecedented power to provide users with health information for patients, health professionals, and professionals. Maintaining the integrity, data systems, and confidentiality of individual health information, quality of content, and consumer protection and the commercial interests of the health industry against unethical practices, are areas of greatest concern in the implementation and use of the Internet. However, there is no national and international legislation for regulating the use of online-based health services. This research is a Literature review that aims to explore ethical and legal issues in the use of online-based health services (E-Health). The review process begins by identifying journal articles that are relevant to the research topic. This study concludes that the use of online-based health services (E-Health) is an important public health issue. E-Health emerged as a tool for developing new diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. Ethical issues related to crossing clinical practice and online communication about health services. This allows discriminatory or unethical behavior and is not following the professional code of ethics. E-Health licensing standards and regulations have not been implemented in many countries. So that health workers are required to code of ethics in the use of online-based health services (E-Health).

Neuroethics and Implanted Brain Machine Interfaces

2013 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Ellen M. McGee
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Brain Machine Interfaces ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Radical Enhancement

Transformations of humans through advances in bioelectronics, nanotechnologies, and computer science are leading to hybrids of humans and machines. Future brain-machine interfaces will enable humans not only to be constantly linked to the Internet, and to cyber think, but will also enable technology to take information directly from the brain. Brain-computer interfaces, where a chip is implanted in the brain, will facilitate a tremendous augmentation of human capacities, including the radical enhancement of the human ability to remember and to reason, and to achieve immortality through cloning and brain downloading, or existence in virtual reality. The ethical and legal issues raised by these possibilities represent global challenges. The most pressing concerns are those raised by privacy and autonomy. The potential exists for control of persons, through global tracking, by actually “seeing” and “hearing” what the individual is experiencing, and by controlling and directing an individual’s thoughts, emotions, moods, and motivations. Public dialogue must be initiated. New principles, agencies, and regulations need to be formulated and scientific organizations, states, countries, and the United Nations must all be involved.

Clinical Record Keeping

2013 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Clinical Record ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues

Chapter 10 discusses only ethical issues related to the confidentiality of patient information that has been recorded, whether on paper or electronically. It examines the shift away from clinical (patient-centered) and ethical (patient-protective) considerations and toward a risk management (therapist-protective) focus, and that documentation serves many functions, but addresses only ethical and legal issues related to confidentiality, regardless of the function being served.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Teaching and Learning in Second Life in a Graduate Online Course

2010 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
R.S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Many

As a growing number of faculty use SL as a teaching platform, outside of anecdotal articles and the legal literature, no research exists on the many legal and ethical issues that affect course development. Ethical issues include abuse (“griefing”) nudity and lewd behavior, and false/misleading identities. Legal issues include creation and use of copyrighted and trademarked items, faculty intellectual property rights in objects and course content, and criminal behavior. Following the experiences of the instructor and 5 students, their 12-week journey is documented through interviews, journals, weekly course activities, SL class dialogs, and in-world assignments. Additionally, 5 faculty and staff experts who teach or train in SL at this university were interviewed and consulted, as well. This study provides insight for designing courses that foster exploration of rich learning opportunities outside a traditional classroom-both real and virtual.

Psychosurgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
Marilyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The use of surgical procedures to alter mental states raises many issues. Surgery on the brain has been known for thousands of years, but procedures developed in the 1930s, ‘40s and ‘50s, and the reasons for them, raised many ethical issues that remain with us today. The following article touches on the history of psychosurgery, the conditions treated, the literature on the subject, and the ethical and legal issues.

scholarly journals Associations Between the Use of eHealth and Out-of-Hours Services in People With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Helen Hansen ◽  
Tor Claudi ◽  
Eirik Årsand
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Frequent Users ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Anxiety Depression

BACKGROUND Despite the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the increasing use of eHealth, little is known about the association between provider-based health services and eHealth among people with diabetes. This is the second study in a project exploring the associations between the use of eHealth and the use of provider-based health services. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate which eHealth services are used among out-of-hours (OOH) visitors with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and whether the use of eHealth (eg, apps, search engines, video services, and social media) was associated with the use of OOH services. We also wanted to investigate associations between anxiety, reassurance, and change in doctor-seeking behavior because of health information acquired from the Internet, and the use of OOH services. METHODS We used data from a 2018 email survey of members of the Norwegian Diabetes Association (18-89 years old). Respondents with T1D were eligible for analyses. Using descriptive statistics, we estimated the use of OOH services and eHealth. Using logistic regressions, we studied the associations between the use of OOH services and the use of eHealth, as well as associations between the use of OOH services and reported consequences of using Internet-based health information. RESULTS In the sample of 523 people with T1D (mean age 47 years), 26.7% (129/484) visited OOH services once or more during the previous year. Among the OOH visitors, search engines were used for health purposes by 86.7% (111/128), apps (health apps in general) by 63.6% (82/129), social media by 45.3% (58/128), and video services by 28.4% (36/127). The use of OOH services was positively associated with self-reported anxiety/depression (odds ratio [OR] 4.53, 95% CI 1.43-14.32) and with the use of apps (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.05-2.85), but not with other types of eHealth. Those who had felt anxious based on information from the Internet were more likely to visit OOH services compared with those who had not felt anxious (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.50-3.78). People who had decided to consult a doctor based on information from the Internet were more likely to visit OOH services (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.64-4.66), compared to those who had not made such an Internet-based decision. CONCLUSIONS People with T1D were frequent users of OOH services, and the OOH visitors were frequent users of eHealth. The use of OOH services was positively associated with the use of health apps, with self-reported anxiety/depression, and with feeling anxious based on information from the Internet. Likewise, deciding to consult a doctor based on information from the Internet was positively associated with OOH visits. The use of eHealth seems to have a significant impact on people with T1D.

scholarly journals Case Study Analysis: The Utilization of Health Services by Citizens at Area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049
Author(s):  
Putri Permatasari ◽  
Cahya Arbitera ◽  
Dwi Mutia Wenny
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Utilization Of Health Services ◽  
Knowledge Variable ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND: Citizens are people who have a high risk of exposure to diseases due to unhealthy environmental conditions. This requires citizens to take advantage of health services in order to get optimal examinations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the description and relationship between the characteristics of citizens, the characteristics of health services and the utilization of health services by citizens in the area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia in 2020. METHODS: The quantitative research method with cross-sectional design used random sampling techniques. The number of samples was 150 families in the area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. The riset measured data using a questionnaire and collected data by interviewing the respondents. Data analysis used Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the variables related to the utilization of health services were knowledge variable (p = 0.001), number of families (p = 0.021), perception of pain (p = 0.001), and family support (p = 0.030). And the variables that were not related to the utilization of health services were ownership of health insurance (p = 0.750), transportation (p = 0.297), distance (0.340), health information (p = 0.538), and attitudes of health workers (p = 1000). As well as the dominant variable related to the utilization of health services, that is knowledge (p = 0.000) with odds ratio 12.876. CONCLUSION: It is hope that primary healthcare and health workers can involve more communities around the area in their work programs, such as providing health information.

Semi-Automatic Systems for Exchanging Health Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Emmanouil ◽  
Antonia Mourtzikou ◽  
John Mantas
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Automatic Systems

The present paper deals with the topic of application possibilities of modern technology in daily practice, for the benefit of citizens. In particular, this work examines the implementation of e-Government at the local level in the field of e-Health for exchanging information. In the authors' introduction, will see how from the first calculating machines, the authors have arrived today up to the modern computer, to the Internet and ICT. Then, the modern technology led them up to the e-Governance at central, regional and local level. Initially the authors examine the international, European and Greek ICT environment; subsequently, within the same geographical contexts, the authors investigated the existence of e-services and e-health services to citizens. Finally, the authors focus on issues related to automated machines for helping citizens on health related issues.

scholarly journals Achieving Ethical Algorithmic Behaviour in the Internet of Things: A Review

IoT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-426
Author(s):  
Seng W. Loke
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things is emerging as a vast, inter-connected space of devices and things surrounding people, many of which are increasingly capable of autonomous action, from automatically sending data to cloud servers for analysis, changing the behaviour of smart objects, to changing the physical environment. A wide range of ethical concerns has arisen in their usage and development in recent years. Such concerns are exacerbated by the increasing autonomy given to connected things. This paper reviews, via examples, the landscape of ethical issues, and some recent approaches to address these issues concerning connected things behaving autonomously as part of the Internet of Things. We consider ethical issues in relation to device operations and accompanying algorithms. Examples of concerns include unsecured consumer devices, data collection with health-related Internet of Things, hackable vehicles, behaviour of autonomous vehicles in dilemma situations, accountability with Internet of Things systems, algorithmic bias, uncontrolled cooperation among things, and automation affecting user choice and control. Current ideas towards addressing a range of ethical concerns are reviewed and compared, including programming ethical behaviour, white-box algorithms, black-box validation, algorithmic social contracts, enveloping IoT systems, and guidelines and code of ethics for IoT developers; a suggestion from the analysis is that a multi-pronged approach could be useful based on the context of operation and deployment.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Teaching and Learning in Second Life in a Graduate Online Course

2013 ◽  
pp. 1368-1378
Author(s):  
R. S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Many

As a growing number of faculty use SL as a teaching platform, outside of anecdotal articles and the legal literature, no research exists on the many legal and ethical issues that affect course development. Ethical issues include abuse (“griefing”) nudity and lewd behavior, and false/misleading identities. Legal issues include creation and use of copyrighted and trademarked items, faculty intellectual property rights in objects and course content, and criminal behavior. Following the experiences of the instructor and 5 students, their 12-week journey is documented through interviews, journals, weekly course activities, SL class dialogs, and in-world assignments. Additionally, 5 faculty and staff experts who teach or train in SL at this university were interviewed and consulted, as well. This study provides insight for designing courses that foster exploration of rich learning opportunities outside a traditional classroom-both real and virtual.

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