Examining the Use of Personal Pronouns in Political Speeches by Tun Dr. Mahathir and President Trump

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nur Ilyana Elisa Aiman Haris Fadzilah ◽  
Maizura Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Political Persuasion

Personal pronouns are often used to the point they often get overlooked. Unlike content words, they do not convey meaning but portray the perception of the speaker (Nakaggwe, 2012). Looking deeper into this, personal pronouns have the power to include or exclude a person or people of the subject (Khafaga, 2021), and it is crucial to master them especially in the political context. However, cultural differences exist in the use of personal pronouns since culture affects the way a person communicates and interprets information (Gocheco, 2012). For this reason, this qualitative research attempts to identify the use of personal pronouns, specifically those that demonstrate inclusiveness and exclusiveness, in the collectivistic Malaysian and individualistic American cultures, and compare the similarities and differences in the use of personal pronouns in speeches given by Tun Dr. Mahathir who represents the collectivistic Malaysian culture and Mr. Trump who represents the individualistic American culture. The AntConc software was used to determine the speech profiles and identify the personal pronouns based on the coding schemes and guidelines. It was found that the most popular personal pronoun used in their speeches is we, while the least popular are me and the subject singular you. They was used more frequently by Tun Dr. Mahathir to indirectly address the audience, while Mr. Trump opted to directly convey his message by using the plural you. The results have practical implications for speech writing and political persuasion and negotiation skills.

scholarly journals The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Markus Bader ◽  
Yvonne Portele
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function

Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.

The development of person agreement and the cliticization of personal pronouns in Batsbi

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Finite Form ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Person Agreement

Abstract Most Nakh-Daghestanian languages have gender (or noun class) agreement in the verb, but do not have person agreement. This is the case with Chechen and Ingush, which are genetically the closest to Batsbi. Batsbi, by contrast, has developed person agreement with the subject in the verb along with gender agreement. This is assumed to be due to the strong influence of Georgian, which has long been the second language of Batsbi speakers. In Georgian, the verb shows person agreement with the subject as well as with the direct or indirect object. Present-day Batsbi, presumably inspired by the polypersonal agreement of Georgian, further develops the cliticization of non-subject personal pronouns. To put it simply, it seems as though Batsbi attempts to express what a Georgian verb may encode in a single, finite form by means of a verb and a personal pronoun that is cliticized to it.

scholarly journals Comparison of Personal Pronoun between Arabic and Its Indonesian Translation of Koran

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markhamah ◽  
Abdul Ngalim ◽  
Muhammad Muinudinillah Basri ◽  
Atiqa Sabardila
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Person Pronoun ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Units

The system of pronoun in Indonesian language and Arabic is diverse. This becomes the main consideration of the emergence of the current study. This comparative-descriptive-qualitative study aims at comparing the Indonesian translation of Quran with its Arabic version to differentiate pronouns of both languages in relation to gender (male, female, neutral), grammatical categories of number (singular, plural, dual), and tenses (past, present, and future). Al-Qur’an which is written in Arabic is then compared to the Indonesian translation of it. Moreover, the objects of the research are personal pronouns and the data are all linguistic units consisting of personal pronouns in the Indonesian translation of Quran compared to its Arabic version. The data were collected through content analysis. Then, the comparative and distributional methods were employed to analyze the data. The findings show that in terms of gender, personal pronoun has different translation in the two languages. Indonesian does not distinguish the personal pronoun that refers to male or female, while Arabic does. In terms of quantity, Indonesian first person pronoun kami ‘we’ is commonly used for plural. However in the translated verses, kami ‘we’ refers to both singular and plural. Furthermore, in terms of tenses, Indonesian and Arabic utilize different systems. Indonesian does not distinguish the pronoun in terms of past, present, or future act, while Arabic adjusts the grammatical conformity between the verb and the subject or between the adverb and the subject in relation to number, person, and gender to express an element of tense. 

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN USING PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Herman Herman ◽  
Helty Sinaga ◽  
Bertaria Sohnata Hutauruk
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
The Subject

This study is aimed to investigate the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing recount text at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar”. In this research, the problem is as follows: “What are the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing recount text at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar?”. The objective is to find out the students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsintar. To answer the problem above, the researcher intends to use the theories of Collins (2014), Siahaan (2007), Derewinka (1990), William (2005), Frank (1972). The methodology used in this research is the Qualitative research. The subject of this research is grade Eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar. The data collected by observation. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that there were three kinds of students’ difficulties in using personal pronouns in writing text, namely: Personal pronoun as subject (34%), personal pronouns as the object (24%), and personal pronoun as a possessive adjective (42%). It can be concluded that the students at grade eight of SMP Negeri 8 Pematangsiantar still have difficulties in using personal pronouns when they write a recount text based on their experience. The researchers suggest the students’ should memorize the kinds of personal pronouns so they can use it well.  

scholarly journals Morphosyntax Analysis of Acehnese Clitic

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Denni Iskandar ◽  
Mulyadi ◽  
Iskandar Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Grammatical Theories

Clitic has challenged many grammatical theories because it is a combination between syntax and morphology. At most theory, clitization is considered as a phenomenon of phrase because the clan of its form is similar to affixes attached to whole phrase. Some experts claim that clitic is one form that is difficult to identify and classify. This qualitative research investigates the clitic of Acehnese in the perspective of morphosyntax. This research found that Acehnese consists of proclitic and enclitic. The function is to emphasize the topic being talked by the subject. In general, Acehnese clitic is a relatively complex personal pronoun because Acehnese’s pronominal system is identical with the content of morality (politeness and friendship). Each personal pronoun has its own proclitic and enclitic including the adjustment of clitic for variant personal pronouns which refers to the level of politeness. In addition to personal pronoun, the clitic in Acehnese is also used to refer to noun or nounphrase either to animals, plants, or other types of nouns.

scholarly journals The activities of the second and third Orbán governments in the first hundred days

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Ádám Nyerges
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualified Majority ◽  
Government Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The subject of the present study is an examination of the activities of two governments with a two-thirds parliamentary majority. For the past 10 years, it has been these governments with two closed cycles of government that have had the authority to structurally transform the Hungarian political system without the involvement of the opposition. The study will also present the measures taken over the first hundred days, as well as, to a lesser extent, the political environment of each government and the predestined goals. The summary also highlights some similarities and differences in the speed and quality of government work and its decision-making, which requires a qualified majority.

scholarly journals Symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Andreevna Boyarkina ◽  
Larisa Georgievna Popova ◽  
Irina Viktorovna Shvedova
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Political Party ◽  
English Word ◽  
The Political ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
German Word ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article aims to determine similarities and differences in manifestation of symbolism of the blue/light blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and German lexemes representing the blue/light blue color in both languages. The symbolism of this color designation is selected due to its insufficient coverage in comparative linguistics. Based on the material of lexicographic sources, the author describes the dictionary meanings of the aforementioned lexemes, which resemble symbolism of the blue color in the English and German publicistic texts. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of similarities and differences of symbolism of the blue/light blue color on the example of the English and German publicistic texts, highlighting that in the English texts, the lexemes that denote these colors are used more often than in the German texts (English word ‘blue’; German word ‘blau’). The conducted analysis reveals that in the English publicistic texts, symbolism of the blue/light blue color is applied in creation of precedent names, as well as nominations of affiliation to a particular party, nobility, symbol of nobleness, purity, or despondency, suppression of wrongdoing. In the German publicistic texts, this color designated affiliation to the political party, or authorization document for foreign employees. Comparison of the content of lexemes ‘blue’ and ‘blau’ in the English and German texts reveals more similarities. However, in the English publicistic texts, this lexeme denotes the symbolism of sadness, despondency, or noble descent.

scholarly journals ATTITUDE TOWARDS ADVERTISING AMONG YOUNG ADULTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BY ETHNICITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Ting ◽  
Ernest Cyril De Run ◽  
Teck-Weng Jee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Attitude Towards Advertising

The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of young adults towards advertising from the perspective of ethnicity. Specifically, it seeks to find out how young adults from the Iban, Chinese and Malay communities perceive advertising so as to understand the implication of ethnicity and culture on the subject matter. A seven-factor belief model is adopted to decompose the theory of reasoned action. As such, it provides theoretical basis to explain similarities and differences of beliefs and attitude towards advertising across the three ethnic groups. Given its quantitative stance, a questionnaire-based survey was administered at universities. 316 out of 400 copies were then collected for analyses. The findings show that despite cultural differences embedded in ethnicity, beliefs and attitude of the three ethnic groups towards advertising are found largely to be similar. They can only be set apart by the effect of beliefs on the formation of attitude towards advertising. Implications and future studies are provided.Keywords: Advertising; Attitude; Belief; Culture; Ethnic; Young Adults.

scholarly journals The Students’ Ability In Writing Skill: Using Personal Pronoun In Narrative text

Al-Lisan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Ernita Fariani Sinaga ◽  
Anjelia Saragih ◽  
Sukutenta Br Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to determine the students’ ability of second grade SMP Talitakum to use personal pronouns in narrative text. The subject of this study are students of second grade and the object of this study was the students' ability to use pronouns in narrative text. The sample of this study are 16 students. Data collection techniques in this study use test and interviews. Based on the data analyzed, the researchers concluded that the students' ability to use pronouns in the narrative text was 68.43% and the students' ability to use personal pronouns in the narrative text is 62.93%. The study concludes that the difficulty affecting students in using pronouns was a lack of understanding of pronouns and narrative text even though they had been taught by the teacher and the lack of grammar books.

Uncertainty, Probability, Ethics: J. m. Keynes, l. mises, and f. Knight

2013 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
N. Makasheva
Keyword(s):  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Ethical Presuppositions

The paper aims at tracing the connections between the ideas of Keynes, Knight and Mises on uncertainty and probability. It also studies the links between their economic ideas, ethical presuppositions, and practical implications they drew from their respective theories. Both similarities and differences are found, influenced for the large part by the context of dealing with the problems discussed.

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