Mechanical and Physical Properties of Particleboard from Untreated and Treated Kenaf Particles

Composite panels were manufactured from kenaf particles and treated with two different alkali treatments using 2% NaOH and 2% KOH with resin contents of 8% and 10% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) at medium density of 650kg/m3. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanical properties in terms of its modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB), and physical properties namely thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of treated kenaf board. The mechanical and physical tests were performed according to the Malaysian Standard (MS1787:2004). The minimum requirements value for MOE, MOR and IB were 2000 MPa, 14 MPa and 0.45 MPa respectively for furniture grade particleboards for use in humid conditions (PF2). According to Malaysian specifications for physical properties, the maximum requirement for thickness swell is 15%. Results indicated that both treated boards with NaOH and KOH showed an increase in strength properties compared to untreated particleboard. Particleboard treated with KOH exhibited the highest MOR and MOE values, while board with NaOH treatment gave the highest IB value. The boards with treated particles gave better performance in terms of physical properties. There were no significant differences in mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and IB) and physical properties for the different alkali treatment. The values of bending strength and IB strength increased with an increase in resin content, while TS and WA increased with a decrease in resin content. In conclusion, NaOH and KOH treated kenaf particles improved board performance and could be considered as an alternative material for particleboard production.

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Mechanical properties of Ficus vallis-choudae (Delile), a lesser utilized species in Nigeria

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.6550-6560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 6550-6560

Author(s):

Lawrence Aguda ◽

Babatunde Ajayi ◽

Sylvester Areghan ◽

Yetunde Olayiwola ◽

Aina Kehinde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Shear Strength ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

High Strength ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Impact Bending ◽

Timber Market

Declining availability of the prime economic species in the Nigerian timber market has led to the introduction of Lesser-Used Species (LUS) as alternatives. Their acceptability demands information on the technical properties of their wood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of Ficus vallis-choudae to determine its potential for timber. Three mature Ficus vallis-choudae trees were selected and harvested from a free forest area in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Samples were collected from the base (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) along the sampling heights of each tree, which was further partitioned into innerwood, centrewood, and outerwood across the sampling radial position. Investigations were carried out to determine the age, density, moisture content, impact strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, compressive strength parallel-to-grain, and shear strength parallel-to-grain. The mean impact bending strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, maximum shear strength parallel-to-grain, and maximum compression strength parallel-to-grain for Ficus vallis-choudae at 12% moisture content were 20.4 N/mm2, 85.8 N/mm2, 709 N/mm2, 10.7 N/mm2, and 33.6 N/mm2, respectively. The study found the species to be dense with high strength properties in comparison with well-known timbers used for constructional purposes.

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Mechanical Properties of Particleboard from Oil Palm Trunk (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive in Relation to Particle Sizes and Board Thickness

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 372 ◽

pp. 101-103

Author(s):

Mohd Arif Fikri Mohd Adnan ◽

Jamaludin Kasim ◽

Siti Noorbaini Sarmin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Particle Size ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Oil Palm Trunk ◽

Board Thickness

High demand for wooden materials and rises in agricultural areas and forest fires increased the importance of composite particleboard instead of using solid woods. Particleboards are among the most popular materials used in interior and exterior applications. The objective of this study was to examine the physical and mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde particleboard made from oil palm trunk (OPT) with 11% resin content. Two different board thicknesses were use; 12mm and 16mm. The particle size use in this study was 2mm and 1mm. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) was used as the binder. The result showed that modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were perform better at 16mm board thickness with 1.0mm particle size and meet the standard. The internal bonding strength was parallel with bending strength.

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PARTICLEBOARD PRODUCTION WITH RESIDUES FROM MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF AMAZONIAN WOODS

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882019000100002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paula Gabriella Surdi ◽

Geraldo Bortoletto Júnior ◽

Vinicius Resende de Castro ◽

Flávia Maria Silva Brito ◽

Matheus da Silva Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Mechanical Processing ◽

Bending Modulus ◽

Nominal Thickness ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Nominal Density ◽

Physical Tests

ABSTRACT The lack of use of the residues generated by the mechanical processing of wood and their inadequate disposal are challenges for the timber industry. They have potential for products with higher value. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of residues generated by the mechanical processing of Amazonian woods Caryocar villosum, Hymenolobium excelsum, Mezilaurus lindaviana, Erisma uncinatum, Tachigali myrmecophyla and Qualea paraensis in the high-density particleboard production. The panels produced had nominal density of 850 kg.m-3, nominal thickness of 15.7 mm and 8% of phenol formaldehyde adhesive. The physical-mechanical properties of the panels produced from each species and with a mixture of all of them in equal parts were evaluated. The specimens from the panels were prepared for physical tests (apparent density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (static bending - modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and internal bond) according to the standard ABNT NBR 14810-3. The mechanical properties of the particleboards manufactured with the C. villosum, H. excelsum and T. myrmecophyla residues were generally superior than those of the other species and met one or more of the minimum requirements indicated by the ANSI A208.1 standard for (H-1 classification) and for floors production (PBU classification).

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Sixteen properties of Eucalyptus Tereticornis wood for structural uses

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n2a2020-45169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marta Cristina de Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira ◽

Victor Almeida de Araujo ◽

Juliano Souza Vasconcelos ◽

André Luis Christoforo ◽

Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Decision Making ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Through Diffusion ◽

Standard Documents

Forest Red Gum eucalypt provides a versatile wood and is converted into different purposes. However, such wood is somewhat limited in structural ends, which highlights the need to exploit this gap through diffusion of mechanical properties of such timber. Obtained results should assist engineers and architects in decision-making for its best building application. This paper studied two physical and fourteen mechanical properties evaluation of Eucalyptus tereticornis at two different moisture contents, following the prescriptions of Brazilian (ABNT NBR 7190: 1997) and North American (ASTM D-143-14: 2014) standard documents. Thus, 1091 repeats were carried out for all properties. By a moisture reduction from 30% to 12%, the bulk density and eleven strength properties statistically showed changes such as modulus of rupture (static bending, parallel and perpendicular compressions), modulus of elasticity (perpendicular compression and static bending), shear stress, tangential cleavage, and parallel and perpendicular hardnesses. Then, the Eucalyptus tereticornis timber could be better usable if is further applied for structural construction uses.

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Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v3i1.1941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽

Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽

Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Board Density ◽

Tropical Wood ◽

Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener. Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Particle Board Produced from Saw Dust and Plastic Waste

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.40.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atoyebi Olumoyewa Dotun ◽

Adeolu Adesoji Adediran ◽

Adisa Cephas Oluwatimilehin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Saw Dust ◽

Three Phase ◽

The Matrix

The current work reports on the fabrication of composite matrix from saw dust (SD) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at different weight ratio by flat-pressed method. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were made with a thickness of 15 mm after mixing the saw dust and PET followed by a three phase press cycle. Physical properties (Density, Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) and Mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR)) were determined base on the mixing ratios according to the standard. WA and TS were measured after 2 h and 24 h of immersion in water. The results showed that as the density increased, the SD content decreased from 90 % to 50 % into the matrix. However, WA and TS decreases when the PET content increased in the matrix. Remarkably, the MOE and MOR attained a maximum point at 964.199 N/mm2and 9.03 N/mm2respectively in 50 % SD content. In comparism with standard, boards D and E can be classified as medium density boards while A, B and C are low density boards. The results indicated that the fabrication of WPCs from sawdust and PET would technically be feasible for indoor uses in building due to favorable physical properties exhibited. The mechanical properties response showed that it cannot be used for structural or load bearing application.

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How Variability in OSB Mechanical Properties Affects Biological Durability Testing

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2003.002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

S. F. Curling ◽

J. E. Winandy ◽

C. Carll ◽

J. A. Micales ◽

A. A. Tenwolde

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Particle Orientation ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Simple Method ◽

Oriented Strandboard ◽

Two Samples ◽

Durability Testing ◽

Biological Durability ◽

Tensile Surface

Summary Loss in bending strength of wood has been shown to be a more sensitive measure of decay than is weight loss. Using modulus of rupture as the decay criterion is problematic for oriented strandboard (OSB) because of variation in mechanical properties due to particle orientation and size. Moreover, the small specimen size required for such tests increases the variance in mechanical properties. This study compared the variance in bending strength of ASTM D1037 standard-sized specimens and small specimens from two samples of commercial OSB. The small specimens were found to have a significantly higher level of variance in bending strength than the standard-sized specimens. A simple method of sorting the specimens based on strand orientation on the tensile surface significantly reduced the level of variance measured. The effects of differing levels of variance on the size, design and limitations of the experimental study are presented.

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Mechanical Property Evaluation of Electroplated High Aspect Ratio Microstructures

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-518-173 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 518 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. S. Stephens ◽

K.W. Kelly ◽

E.I. Meletis ◽

S. Simhadri

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

High Aspect Ratio ◽

Mold Insert ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Mechanical Seal ◽

Property Evaluation

AbstractHigh aspect ratio microstructures (HARMs) with a height of hundreds of micrometers and a width of a few tens of micrometers present high promise in a number of challenging fields. At LSU, a number of applications are being developed in which nickel HARMs are electroplated on metal surfaces (mold insert fabrication for the LIGA process, HARMs on mechanical seal faces, HARMs on heat exchange surfaces, etc.). In some of these applications, the HARMs are subjected to high stresses and the mechanical properties are particularly important. These properties can be used to adjust processing parameters to optimize properties of the HARMS.This paper presents a method for measuring the strength properties of cantilevered nickel HARMs constructed by LIGA. Experimentally measured values are reported for modulus of rupture (1280 MPa), Young's modulus (153 GPa) and Knoop hardness (500 Hk) for HARMs with an overplated base. SEM micrographs clearly indicate that failure of the beams is brittle and most frequently occurs at the interface of the beam and overplated base.

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Effect of Silvicultural Practice and Wood Type on Loblolly Pine Particleboard and Medium Density Fiberboard Properties

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.1999.036 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Todd F. Shupe ◽

Chung Y. Hse ◽

Elvin T. Choong ◽

Leslie H. Groom

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

Thickness Swell ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Wood Type ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Silvicultural Practice ◽

Strategy I

Summary The objective of this study was to determine the effect of five different silvicultural strategies and wood type on mechanical and physical properties of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) particleboard and fiberboard. The furnish was prepared in an unconventional manner from innerwood and outerwood veneer for each stand. Modulus of rupture (MOR) differences between the stands were insignificant for particleboard. Some significant modulus of elastisity (MOE) differences existed between the stands for particleboard and fiberboard. Differences between the wood types were minimal for each stand. Innerwood yielded higher mean MOR, MOE, and internal bond (IB) values than outerwood for most of the stands. The differences between the stand and wood types for 2 and 24 h thickness swell and 2 and 24h water adsorption were very minimal. This research has shown that innerwood can produce particleboard and fiberboard panels with very comparable mechanical and physical properties to outerwood. The effect of the silvicultural strategy (i. e., stand) was minimal for most properties.

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INFLUENCE OF THERMAL MODIFICATION ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus badjensis MIXED PARTICLEBOARD / OSB PANELS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i2.69403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Giuliano Ferreira Pereira ◽

Setsuo Iwakiri ◽

Rosilani Trianoski ◽

Polliana D'angelo Rios ◽

Renan Zunta Raia

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Thermal Modification ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Different Temperatures

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of thermal modifications, at different temperatures and exposure times, on the technological properties of mixed particleboard / OSB panels made out of Eucalyptus badjensis. Using the wood of Eucalyptus badjensis, Particleboard, OSB and mixed Particleboard/OSB panels (control and thermally modified) were manufactured. The mixed panels’ thermal modification was carried out under three temperatures (180ºC, 200ºC and 220ºC) and two exposure times (10 minutes and 12 minutes). For the panels’ manufacturing, 6% of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive and 1% of paraffin were employed, which was calculated based on the particles’ dry mass. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties were evaluated after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, in addition to the panels’ modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond. Based on the results, we were able to conclude that the thermal modification affected most of the physical properties positively. From the different exposure times studied, the most effective one was the period of 12 minutes, especially for water absorption after 2 hours, which caused a reduction of 11.27%. In turn, the most effective temperature was of 220ºC, highlighting the thickness swelling after 24 hours, which caused a swelling decrease of 23.76% in comparison with the control panels. Regarding the mechanical properties, the thermal modification, in terms of the studied exposure times and temperatures, did not affect the results of the mixed particleboard /OSB panels.

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