scholarly journals SWIMMING AS A LEISURE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING THE 2020-2021 PANDEMIC COVID-19 IN CLUJ-NAPOCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
IULIA JULEAN ◽  
REMUS VĂIDĂHĂZAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the global community, leading to restrictive measures in all areas of activity, including sports. Starting with March 2020, most physical activities have ceased, due to the establishment of the state of emergency in Romania. Swimmers were restricted from accessing their main training facilities and were no longer allowed access to the pools. After a more sedentary period, in which each of us tried to adapt to the existing situation, the need to be involved in sports, the need for movement, and the need for socialization was growing. Thus, the instructors tried to find out alternatives to continue athletes training, so they do not completely lose their physical fitness. Some managed to continue their training in the water, at other pools, others organized workouts outside the pool, maintaining their physical condition at an optimal level. In fewer cases, coaches continued training with athletes online. The purpose of this study was to discover the training strategies applied by swimming coaches during the pandemic, during the State of emergency and the Alert state, in Cluj-Napoca. The results of our study can be used, in the future, by students, teachers and instructors to better reorganize their physical activities, especially swimming, when a special situation arises again.

Kompetencje emocjonalno-społeczne nauczyciela wobec potrzeb współczesnej edukacji

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Marta Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Face ◽  
Educational Need ◽  
Contemporary Education ◽  
Social Competences

This article concerns the issue of emotional and social competences of a teacher in the face of the needs of contemporary education, in relation to the global situation caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The state of emergency introduced today is a new context for the changes taking place, challenging every sphere of life, including education. The publication presents reports from selected international and national reports, showing the state of the introduced remote education, which highlighted a multitude of problems for representatives of the school environment. The most important educational problems concern the deteriorating mental condition of pupils and teachers and the crisis in interpersonal relations. Attention was drawn to a neglected area in pedagogy, which is the sphere of emotional and social competences of the student and the teacher, as well as to the necessity of their compulsory inclusion in the problems of research. The article presents the position that school can be an environment for conscious learning of emotions, therefore it is important that teachers have emotional and social competences at an optimal level in order to provide effective support. It is assumed that only emotionally and socially competent teachers can stimulate the development of these competences in pupils. It has been recognised as a new task, challenge and educational need.

scholarly journals Organised Physical Activity in the Forests of the Warsaw and Tricity Agglomerations, Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeczko ◽  
Wójcik ◽  
Kędziora ◽  
Janeczko ◽  
Woźnicka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Geostatistical Method ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Research Highlights: The achieved results indicate that in the period of 2010–2016, the number of sporting events (running, cycling and walking) as well as the number of participants has increased many times. Methods: A geostatistical method, i.e., kriging, was used to check the distance-based relationship between agglomerations proximity and sporting events. The questionnaire surveys were used to determine the reasons for physical activity in the forest. Results: The analysis of the impact of the scope of the urban agglomerations on the number of organised physical activities proved that, in both cases (Warsaw and Tricity), most events take place in forests located close to these cities. The larger the distance to Warsaw or Tricity, the lower the number of sporting events and the lower the number of participants. The reasons why people take up physical activity are mainly to improve their health and physical condition, reduce stress and improve wellbeing. Conclusions: The conducted research indicates a significant increase in the importance of non-productive functions of forests located in the vicinity of urban agglomerations, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of actions taken by foresters to promote active lifestyles.

scholarly journals Derogation of Human Rights and Freedoms in RNM during the State of Emergency Caused by COVID-19

SEEU Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Abdulla Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Convention ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Territory Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures

AbstractConsidering that in times of state of emergency or civil emergency (such as the pandemic caused by COVID 19), governments in many countries around the world have restricted human rights and freedoms through legally binding government decrees. These restrictive measures increasingly raise dilemmas about their effect and possible violations by the government of international norms guaranteeing human rights. The paper aims to analyze whether these restrictive measures set out in the decisions of the Government of the Republic of Northern Macedonia (RNM) are in compliance with the derogations allowed under the European Convention on Human Rights and Freedoms (ECHR) and the positive laws in power. In the framework of this paper is analyzed whether these measures have the sole purpose of protecting the health of citizens or not.The work is limited in terms of time (as long as the state of emergency lasted three months) and territory (government decrees with the force of law).Descriptive, historical, analytical, comparative and citizen survey methods are used in this paper.Government decrees have been analyzed in order to assess whether they were prudent, in accordance with international standards and consequences that they have caused to citizens.The conclusions provide data on whether the management of the situation has been appropriate or not and to what extent it has been effective, as well as how much it has been within the international framework and how they have affected the quality of life of citizens.

scholarly journals Experiences and the quality of life of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of COVID-19 restrictive measures in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-231
Author(s):  
Tamara Džamonja-Ignjatović ◽  
Biljana Stanković ◽  
Tamara Klikovac
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Restrictive Measures

This paper is part of a broader qualitative study examining the experience of people during the first wave of the pandemic in Serbia when the state of emergency was proclaimed, and the effects of this situation on the quality of life and mental health of specific age groups. The paper presents the results of interviews conducted with people over 65, who were particularly affected by the introduced restrictive measures, due to which many senior citizens felt a significant decline in the quality of life, accompanied by the risk of developing various emotional problems. In order to understand better their specific experiences during the pandemic and the related measures introduced, we conducted a qualitative study taking into account the characteristics of previous life contexts, the changes in daily life and life quality during the pandemic, emotional reactions and coping strategies, as well as their expectations of the future. During April and early May 2020, sixteen people of both sexes (4 male) were interviewed, aged 65 to 87 (M = 71.19 years). The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were processed in Maxqda qualitative analysis software and analysed by the principle of thematic analysis. The general conclusion is that the elderly from our sample adapted without major difficulties and managed to maintain a satisfactory level of their subjective well-being despite the pandemic and restrictive measures, with the help and support of their immediate social environment and in the context of the former general quality of life. This resulted in good adaptive strategies and outcomes, even in the situation of the restricted need satisfaction. However, the findings of the research indicate that, in the elderly, reactions to the pandemic are different from the reactions to the introduced measures - the tolerance of the elderly to the endangerment of personal needs is greater than the tolerance to the endangerment of personal rights and dignity. While the concern about one's own health was not explicitly expressed, the citizens older than 65 felt more affected by the introduction of the state of emergency and, especially, by the restrictive measures. The introduced measures of isolation resulted in increased negative feelings and a decline in the quality of life, as well as perceiving the threat to one's personal dignity.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of the Effects of Coronavirus on the Well-Being of Children and Families Who Are Clients of Child Protection Authorities in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
J. Kuokkanen ◽  
A Tiili ◽  
A. Paasivirta
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In the spring 2020, the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic quickly spread across Finland, having significant negative consequences for people’s living conditions. On March 16, 2020, the Finnish government declared a state of emergency and imposed several restrictive measures that were in effect until July 16, 2020 [13; 16]. The coronavirus and its aftermath have weakened the resilience of the Finnish welfare state, thereby challenging the welfare state’s ability to protect those most in need of its support. Recent studies have shown that the most vulnerable populations, such as children, are most affected by the negative effects of the pandemic in Finland and worldwide [5; 9; 11; 14; 18]. In autumn 2020, the Central Union for Child Welfare (CUCW) and the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) conducted a large-scale survey among the heads of child protection authorities (15.08.—13.10.2020), the aim of which was to find out how the consequences of the coronavirus and government restrictions have affected the well-being of children and their families who are clients of child protection authorities during the fall 2020. This article presents the main results and conclusions of the survey.

scholarly journals Mental, Physical and Socio-Economic Status of Adults Living in Spain during the Late Stages of the State of Emergency Caused by COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Alexandra Ferreira-Valente ◽  
Filipa Pimenta ◽  
Antonella Ciaramella ◽  
Jordi Miró
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Late Stages

Research has shown that the confinement measures implemented to curb the spread of COVID-19 can have negative effects on people’s lives at multiple levels. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to better understand the mental, physical, and socio-economic status of adults living in Spain during the late stages of the state of emergency caused by COVID-19. Five hundred and forty-four individuals responded to an online survey between 3 June and 30 July 2020. They were asked to report data about their mental and physical health, financial situation, and satisfaction with the information received about the pandemic. Means, percentages, t-test, ANOVAs, and logistic regressions were computed. A third of the participants reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, and worries about their health and the future. Participants also described mild levels of fatigue and pain during lockdown (66%), and a reduction in household income (39%). Respondents that were female, younger, single, and with lower levels of education reported experiencing a greater impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data showed that the negative effects of lockdown were present in the late stages of the state of emergency. The findings can be used to contribute to the development of programs to prevent or mitigate the negative impact of confinement measures.

scholarly journals Italy’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: problems of normative management of emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Council Of Ministers

Dueto the global nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, public authorities of different countries had to deal with similar tasks related to protecting of public interests and ensuring the right to health, inextricably linked to the right to life. Italy was the first Western democracy to experience the effects of the coronavirus. On January 31, 2020, a state of emergency was introduced in the country, which was supposed to be in effect until July 31, 2020. In March it was extended to the entire territory of the country, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement were introduced. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the ability of public authorities to withstand an emergency and at the same time exposed systemic problems in the relationships of public authorities, both at the horizontal and vertical levels. Introduction of the state of emergency resulted in the Government’s significant increase of power. The situation was managed either by delegated legislation, or by administrative regulations of the President of the Council of Ministers or individual Ministers. The decrees of the President of the Council of Ministers have taken a leading role in the emergency management. Within a month after the declaration of the state of emergency, the Italian Parliament did not show any activity and resumed its activities only due to necessity to approve decrees and laws. In fact, the constitutional control over the Government activity was weakened. The lack of due coordination between the State and regions in the normative sphere undermined trust between authorities and had a negative impact on adherence to the principle of loyal cooperation.

Regional Differences in the Leisure Physical Activity of Canadians: Testing Some Alternative Interpretations

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Curtis ◽  
Barry D. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

This paper presents the results of a multivariate analysis of the relationship between region and the extent of participation in sport and physical activities, employing data from a large (N=20,000+) survey of a national sample of Canadian adults. The region-activity relationship is one that has been suggested also by some U.S. studies; that is, the farther west the respondent’s place of residence, the more likely he or she is to report high rates of physical activity. For the U.S. results, a convenient and common interpretation has been that the more favorable climate for outdoor activities in the westerly states leads to higher activity. This interpretation is not adequate for the Canadian findings, however, because of the harsher winter climate in the western provinces. Therefore, we explore some alternative theoretical interpretations of the Canadian results. These involve the effects of regional differences in three types of factors: sociodemographic composition, socioeconomic profiles, and opportunity structures. Because these factors are shown in our analyses to have only small effects upon the region-activity relationship, we also include some proposals for still further avenues of analysis and interpretation of the regional differences.

scholarly journals Effect of Online Training during the COVID-19 Quarantine on the Aerobic Capacity of Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195
Author(s):  
Paweł Kalinowski ◽  
Jakub Myszkowski ◽  
Jakub Marynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Motor abilities, such as endurance and the optimal level of physical activity, play a fundamental role in football as they are necessary to maintain the high effectiveness of the training process. The aim of this study was the observation of the trend of changes in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance of young football players in a one-year cycle overlapping with the COVID-19 lockdown and an assessment of the impact of the training intervention during home confinement. The participants of the study were 24 young football players. We analysed the results of the study in a one-year training cycle (lockdown from 11 March 2020 to 6 May 2020). The cardiorespiratory endurance was measured using the Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run test—Beep Test. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used in the study. Detailed comparisons were made using Tukey’s HSD test. Statistically significant differences were noted in endurance in a one year cycle: F(5.115) = 22.65; p < 0.001; partial Eta-squared = 0.50. An increase in the level of endurance by mean = 179.17 m, SD ± 189.87 m was noted between T1 and T6. After the break caused by the COVID-19 restrictions, a decrease in the level of cardiorespiratory endurance was noted. Only after two training mesocycles was a significant increase in the mean value noted compared to the period before the pandemic (p < 0.05). With the negative impact of restrictions in mind, coaches and physiotherapists should exercise caution when planning training, taking into consideration the level of physical activity during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Ensuring Protection of Personal Data in Time of Remote Work during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Agnese Reine
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
National Level ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The biggest changes and challenges in the employment relationship in the last six months, especially regarding the provision of personal data processing, are related to the spread of the Covid-19 virus and measures to limit its spread. Globally, the situation developed faster; at the national level, however, starting from the moment when the Cabinet of Ministers Order No 103 of 12 March 2020 On Declaring a State of Emergency was issued in Latvia [1]. At the national level, the necessary restrictive measures to limit the spread of the virus and reduce the risk of disease were analysed. Although the spread of this virus and the legal consequences of the restrictions can be linked to medical issues, the state of emergency also had a major impact on employment relations. When the state of emergency was declared, employers had to evaluate the nature of their business and the possibilities of its realisation when employees perform work remotely. During this assessment, employers were initially divided into two categories – employers whose business specifics do not allow employees to work remotely and those employers who are able to ensure business continuity for employees performing work partially or completely remotely. The purpose of this article is to analyse legality of personal data processing by performing work remotely, respectively studying both employer’s responsibilities for processing employees’ personal data to ensure control over employee’s performance and employees responsibilities for personal data processing. Pēdējā pusgadā lielākās izmaiņas un izaicinājumi darba tiesiskajās attiecībās tieši attiecībā uz personas datu apstrādes nodrošināšanu ir saistīti ar Covid-19 vīrusa izplatību un tā izplatības ierobežošanas pasākumiem. Globāli situācija attīstījās jau agrāk, bet nacionālajā līmenī – sākot ar brīdi, kad Latvijā tika izdots Ministru kabineta 2020. gada 12. marta rīkojums Nr. 103 “Par ārkārtējās situācijas izsludināšanu”. Valstiskā līmenī tika analizēti nepieciešamie ierobežojošie pasākumi, lai ierobežotu vīrusa izplatību un samazinātu saslimstības riskus. Lai arī pirmšķietami šī vīrusa izplatība un ierobežojumu tiesiskās sekas ir saistāmas ar medicīniska rakstura jautājumiem, valstī izsludinātā ārkārtējā situācija radīja lielu ietekmi arī uz darba tiesiskajām attiecībām. Līdzko tika izsludināta ārkārtējā situācija, darba devējiem bija jāizvērtē sava biznesa būtība un tā realizēšanas iespējas, ja darbinieki veic darbu attālināti. Veicot šādu izvērtējumu, sākotnēji darba devēji iedalījās divās kategorijās – bija darba devēji, kuru biznesa specifika nesniedz iespēju darbiniekiem veikt darbu attālināti, un darba devēji, kuri spēj nodrošināt biznesa nepārtrauktību, darbiniekiem veicot darbu daļēji vai pilnībā attālināti. Šī raksta mērķis ir analizēt personas datu apstrādes tiesiskuma nodrošināšanu gadījumā, ja darbinieks veic darbu attālināti, attiecīgi analizējot gan darba devēja pienākumus, apstrādājot darbinieku personas datus, lai nodrošinātu darbinieka veiktā darba izpildes kontroli, gan darbinieka pienākumus attiecībā uz darba pienākumu ietvaros veikto personas datu apstrādi.

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