PECULIARITIES OF THE CHARACTER’S INDIVIDUAL LEXICON OF THE LITERARY TEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 292-308
Author(s):  
Anna Shapoval ◽  
Leonid Velitchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
The Real ◽  
Internal Lexicon ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Status Position

Learning the character's linguistic personality is impossible without exploring its individual vocabulary. The study was based on the novels Pearl Buck "Imperial woman" and Pavlo Zagrebelniy "Roxolana". The main theoretical aspects of the concept of "character’s individual lexicon" are considered in the article. The terms "individual lexicon", "mental lexicon" and "internal lexicon" are specified. The comparative analysis of the individual lexicon of the real linguistic personality and character’s linguistic personality is carried out. The independent value of the character’s individual lexicon is determined. Analysis of the individual lexicon is performed at the morphological and syntactic level. For both heroines, concepts such as knowledge, hope, children, freedom, greatness (triumph), painting (singing) are most essential. In other cases, Roxolana's priorities are faith, native land, happiness, salvation. For Tzu Hsi - peace, triumph, debt, people. The individual lexicon of the character is characterized by the distinctive characteristics of the linguistic personality (the closeness of the list of lexical units, statical state of the system). The individual lexicons of the characters share common morphological indicators (nouns and verbs predominate). From the point of view of syntax the prevailing use of direct imperative forms in the communicative acts of the characters has been revealed (order, requirement Tzu Hsi - 48%, Roxolana -35%). In the speech of both characters in the analysis of the affirmative form of imperative is dominated by verbs of movement and auditory perception. Direct imperative forms testify to the highest situational and status position of both ladies. Threat sentences are more typical of Tzu Hsi. Indirect imperative forms (request, offer, advice, persuasion, praise, support and consolation) are dominant in Roxolana’s individual lexicon.

Volkswille: Reale Substanz oder notwendige Fiktion?

Der Staat ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-396
Author(s):  
Shu-Perng Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Real ◽  
The People ◽  
The Will ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
The Individual

Angesichts des markanten Aufstiegs des Rechtspopulismus in den vergangenen Jahren drängt sich die Frage immer wieder auf, ob oder inwiefern das Parlament den eigentlichen Volkswillen (noch) vertreten kann, und wie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung und Digitalisierung der eigentliche Volkswille überhaupt festzustellen und effektiv durchzusetzen ist. In dieser Hinsicht steht das Vertrauen in die Fähigkeit des Parlaments, den wahren Volkswillen herauszubilden und zu artikulieren, erneut vor großen Herausforderungen. Durch eine vergleichende Analyse zwischen den Demokratietheorien Böckenfördes und Kelsens zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag, weshalb und inwiefern das weitverbreitete Verständnis des Volkswillens und dessen Rolle in der parlamentarischen Demokratie gerade vor dem heutigen Hintergrund eine kritische Besinnung verdient. Es wird argumentiert, dass gerade in demokratischer Hinsicht nicht die Suche nach dem „wahren Volkswillen“, sondern nach wie vor die Gewährleistung der Menschen- bzw. Grundrechte der Einzelnen und insbesondere der Minderheiten von zentraler Bedeutung sein soll. In view of the spread of right-wing populism in recent years, the question as to how the will of the people is to be ascertained and expressed has attracted much attention in constitutional scholarship. In particular, the issue of whether or to what extent the parliament is (still) capable of representing and demonstrating the will of the people has been repeatedly discussed and debated. Through a comparative analysis of Böckenförde’s und Kelsen’s democratic theories, this article critically examines the problems of the widespread understanding of the will of the people as a real-empirical existence and its significance for the realization of democracy. Accordingly, it points out why and in what sense the reference to the so-called real will of the people would undermine rather than promote democracy. This article concludes by arguing that, precisely for the sake of democracy, what is crucial is not to determine what the “real will of the people” is, but rather to guarantee the freedom of the individual and especially of the minorities.

scholarly journals Verbalization of Bacchic Actions in the Artistic World of Fyodor Abramov

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
O. A. Dimitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Figurative Interpretation

The features of verbalization of Bacchic actions in the works of Fyodor Abramov (tetralogy “Brothers and Sisters”, novels “Pelageya”, “Alka”, “Mamonikha”, “Wooden Horses” and stories) are considered. The linguistic means of the individual author’s interpretation of the “Wine Drinking” sphere as a fragment of the semantic field of a literary text are analyzed. Bacchic action from the point of view of manifestation of one or another cultural semantics in it (according to M. L. Kovshova): utilitarian, functional, aesthetic, social hierarchical, ideological and spiritual is studied. It is noted that in the artistic world of Abramov, the utilitarian and functional aspects generally correspond to the general cultural ones, reflected in the paremias. It was revealed that the social-hierarchical cultural layer has its own specificity, which manifests itself in two oppositions: “village — city”, “collective farmer-peasant — rural intellectuals”. The author notes that the ideological and spiritual component in understanding the situation of wine drinking is associated with the expression of the author’s attitude, his worldview through the prism of the character’s opinion. It is concluded that the verbalization of Bacchic action is distinguished by figurative interpretation, the attraction of components from various spheres: the use of expressions containing somatisms, animalisms, perceptual vocabulary, verbs of physical impact, etc. When analyzing the social component of some Bacchic expressions, it is noted that the objects of wine drinking (vessels) are interpreted as subjects of interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals “Life as Suffering”: the Motive of Revenge in the Novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann “The Marquis de la Pivardière” and the Novel by J. Janin “The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman”

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
N. M. Ilchenko ◽  
Yu. A. Marinina
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
National Image ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Universe

The motive of revenge is analyzed on the basis of the French topos, considered as a space of crime and punishment. It is noted that the novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann and the novel by J. Janin are united by attention to fate as a catastrophic concept inscribed in the picture of life in France. The relevance of the study is associated with the problems of the formation of national identity, national image by romantics of Germany and France. It is shown that the German romantic, who relied on fantasy as a means of understanding and cognizing life, became a model for J. Janin in the perception of “observed material”. Special attention is paid to the artistic embodiment of life as an “ugly abyss” in which the heroines of E. T. A. Hoffmann and J. Janin find themselves. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel, the action of which belongs to the second half of the 17th century are presented in the article. But the writer discusses the morals of the heroes from the point of view of the romantic canon, and the novel, the action of which is attributed to the end of the 20s of the 19th century. The novelty of the research is connected with the fact that the drama of human existence (female) is viewed as a result of the fragility of earthly existence, the loss of faith in the rationality of the universe. This approach made it possible to analyze the national forms of romanticism, the individual approach of Hoffmann and Janin to understanding the moral and the sinful.

scholarly journals Articulations of the Real: from Lacan to Badiou

Paragraph ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Lucy Bell
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Lacanian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Political Force ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mathematical Ontology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This article gives a comparative analysis of the way in which Lacanian psychoanalysis and Alain Badiou's mathematical ontology understand the category of the real, respectively, as the foundation of individual subjectivity or the name of being-as-being. A number of shifts in focus arise from the fundamental difference in the location of the void: from the individual act to the collective event; from death drive to immortal truth; from subjective destitution and cathartic purification to transformative interventions and constitutive thought. These shifts are exemplified, elaborated and analysed through a close reading of the thinkers' respective commentaries on Sophocles' Antigone. Foregrounding what is philosophically at stake in these differences, the article defends Badiou against Lacanian critics (most notably Slavoj Žižek and Eleanor Kaufman) by examining the ethical and political force of his innovation.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Void

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Robert O. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
The Real ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
The Individual

This article discusses that it frequently happens that the individual getting the credit for an invention is not the real innovator, but rather the person who was most successful in reducing an idea to practice. The Newcomen engine was staggeringly inefficient by today’s standards, but it was a commercial success for a time because it was the only practical alternative to pumps powered by horses. The aspect of a typical Newcomen engine that is most eccentric from a modern point of view is that it did not work using steam pressure at all. In the Newcomen cycle, steam was admitted to a cylinder and then condensed by injecting a water spray. One of Newcomen’s greatest contributions was to develop mechanisms to perform his cycle automatically. Early versions of his engine involved manually manipulated valves. This was a slow operation and provided an opportunity for disastrous errors; it clearly indicated a need for mechanical actuators.

A method to multi-attribute decision making problems by using heronian mean operators based on linear diophantine uncertain linguistic settings

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Izatmand ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Thammarat Panityakul
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Heronian Mean

In the real decision process, an important problem is how to express the attribute value more efficiently and accurately. In the real world, because of the complexity of decision-making problems and the fuzziness of decision-making environments, it is not enough to express attribute values of alternatives by exact values. For this managing with such sorts of issues, the principle of Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic set is a valuable and capable technique to manage awkward and inconsistent information in everyday life problems. In this manuscript, we propose the original idea of Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic set and elaborated their essential laws. Additionally, to determine the association among any numbers of attributes, we elaborated the Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic arithmetic Heronian mean operator, Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic weighted arithmetic Heronian mean operator, Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic geometric Heronian mean operator, Linear Diophantine uncertain linguistic weighted geometric Heronian mean operator, and their properties are also discovered. By using these operators, we utilize the multi-attribute decision-making procedure by using elaborated operators. To determine the consistency and validity of the elaborated operators, we illustrate some examples by using explored operators. Finally, the superiority and comparative analysis of the elaborated operators with some existing operators are also determined and justified with the help of a graphical point of view.

scholarly journals Translator’s notes as a form of linguistic localization of literary works (the case of D. Mitchell’s novels)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 34-54
Author(s):  
I.D. Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Cloud Atlas

The purpose of the present article is to describe the significance of translator's notes from the point of view of localization of English works of fiction for Russian readership, as well as to identify the types of lexical units that become object of adaptation and the degree of their explication. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study is made up of the key provisions of translation studies, the study of linguistic localization and the study of literary discourse. Within the framework of the present research, a comparative analysis of the concepts of adaptation (pragmatic adaptation) and localization has been carried out to substantiate the advisability of using a new term to name culturally determined modifications of the original text. The characteristics of a literary text have been established, which make it possible to classify works of fiction as objects of localization. Content analysis of the English and Russian versions of the novels Cloud Atlas, The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet and The Slade House by the British writer D. Mitchell has been carried out. The original English-language and translated Russian-language versions of the specified literary works are analyzed, in particular, a comparative analysis of the English-language lexical units and phrases, accompanied by translator's notes in the secondary texts, has been conducted. The advantages of notes as a form of localization of literary texts are indicated. They consist in the possibility of a more detailed and quick description of foreign cultural units in comparison with intra-text transformations.

scholarly journals Citizen participation in Europe: A comparative analysis from the sociopolitical contexts

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Ernesto Ganuza Fernández ◽  
Francisco José Francés García
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Questioning the social spiral deriving from participation has flared up the debate regarding the place it occupies in contemporary democracies. It does not seem possible to deny the evidence that many studies have pointed to regarding the political attitudes associated with institutionalised participation (associations). But we question in this study the fact that the whole participation phenomenon is equated with that type of participation. Our paper compares different ways of participation in a sample of European countries to, first, analyse the activities that can be linked to each form of participation and whether it can be held that they are different from the point of view of the individual. Second, we analyse the attitudes that lead individuals to choose one option over the other. We conclude that for individuals the different forms of participation are different forms of political engagement. Our study shows an evolution in non-institutional forms of participation over time that is difficult to ignore, from being expressions bordering illegality to taking them as normalised tools for citizens. We could now start to consider them from the point of view of the implications they have for democracy as a different way to exercise political influence.

scholarly journals Psychosemantic Experiment as a Tool for Objectification of the Data for the Ways of Representing Synonymy in a Modern Russian Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-194
Author(s):  
Irina Erofeeva ◽  
Valery Solovyev ◽  
Venera Bajrasheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Stimulus Word ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Fixation Frequency

The recently created RuWordNet thesaurus reflects hierarchical, primarily synonymous, relations in the vocabulary so that it is built from a set of synsets. In this paper, we applied the method of a comparative analysis: we compared the data of classical dictionaries of Russian language synonyms, RuWordNet thesaurus and the results of a students' poll. The students represent two areas of specialization: linguistic and nonliguistic. As a result of the psychosemantic experiment, we specified the criteria for the distribution of lexical units among synsets. We referred to them cognitive, semantic, stylistic and quantitative criteria. The quantitative method made it possible to determine the fixation frequency of synonyms for the stimulus word in the respondents' minds. The results of the experiment showed that the most adequate principle, implemented in verbal and cogitative activity by the identifying of the synonymic chains, is a pragmatic one. It reveals itself in the possibility of the interchange of similar in meaning words in different contexts. The research results contain recommendations on the systematization of linguistic information in the RuWordNet thesaurus, aimed at improving the principles of synsets' building. The performed research is aimed at verifying the reflected in RuWordNet data from the point of view of their correspondence to the real idea of native speakers of the synonymic, hyponymic and other system-based relationship in the vocabulary.

VAT Refund under Conditions of Zero Tax Rate

2007 ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
R. Saakyan ◽  
I. Trunin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Tax Legislation

Main directions of tax legislation development are considered in the article from the point of view of relevancy of zero tax rate implementation and tax refund. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of tax refund delay that undermines the competitiveness of the export sector of economy. Comparative analysis of VAT refund mechanisms in different countries and Russia with respect to effectiveness of tax administration has allowed to formulate some hypotheses concerning relevant parameters of refund and test them with the help of various methods and models.

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