scholarly journals Religion and companies: the keys for doing business in the Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Angel Maria Del Castillo Puente ◽  
Alejandro De Pablo Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Future Growth

The aim of this research has been to analyze empirically the internal demand and its future evolution, as well as whether and how the Spanish retailers are currently satisfying the needs of Muslim residents in Spain. There are numerous articles about the great market potential Halal as the result of growth of the Muslim population and the expected future growth of the population. These studies in Spain are based on the great potential of Spanish manufacturers to increase their sales through exports, finance and tourism. Once reviewed the existing bibliography, we have not found any research that covers our topic.  It will bring managerial implications in the areas of innovation, production, distribution and marketing that will guide and orientate the decisions thatmanufactures, distributors, commercial managers or other operators can make in the retail market. This research has also identified an interesting opportunity in adapting retailer’s assortment to a segment of the population that is increasingly concerned by Halal products in each act of consumption. The main retailers Mercadona, Carrefour, Dia and Auchan,  should  include products with the Halal Guarantee to identify products that satisfy the requirements of the Halal Guarantee Islamic Law. This paper has been organized as follows: First, we explain the retail market in Spain. Second, we extrapolate population and consumption to 2050. Later we explain the methodology and results. And, after summarizing the conclusions, we discuss the limitations. Lastly, we present future lines of research.

Islamic Constitutions and Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292199124
Author(s):  
Moamen Gouda ◽  
Shimaa Hanafy
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Informal Institution ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
The Relationship

There is an ongoing debate on the relationship between Islam and (lack of) democracy. Considerable literature shows that Islam, represented as an informal institution by Muslim population share, has a negative effect on democracy. This study examines the effects of formal institutions, specifically constitutions that prescribe Islamic law ( Shari’a) as a source of legislation, on democracy. We use a newly developed coding of the degree to which Islam is incorporated in constitutions. Our empirical results show that the constitutional entrenchment of Islamic law has a negative and significant effect on democracy. Our findings are robust to using different estimators and instrumental variable regressions, employing alternative measures of democracy and controlling for Muslim population, natural resource wealth, and additional control variables. While we show that Islamic constitutionalism is a reason for a democracy deficit in Muslim-majority countries, we find no evidence that Islam is inimical to democracy when not entrenched in the constitution.

scholarly journals KOMERSIALISASI NIKAH SIRI DI DESA PEKOREN KECAMATAN REMBANG PASURUAN JAWA TIMUR

AL-HUKAMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
Salman Alfarisi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Legal Marriage

This article is a study of the commercialization practice of secret marriage in Pekoren Village, Rembang Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province. Secret marriage is carried out by the community using a broker service. In carrying out its duties, the broker asks for payment in the form of dowry money for operational costs and paying for the services of the Kyai who marry off. This case was analyzed using the eyes of Islamic law and juridical law. While the method used is a descriptive qualitative research method by collecting data through reading or reviewing the expressions and behaviors observed from the speakers in the field. From the field it is described, that the commercialization of secret marriage in Pekoren Village is a fixation of the price of dowry as an operational cost that uses the services of kyai and brokers to find the type of women wanted by interested person. In Islamic law, secret marriage is a legal marriage with the fulfillment of requirements and pillars of marriage. Brokers in this case can be categorized as buying and selling because of doing business, but it is still not suggested in Islam. In Positive Law, unregistered marriage is not valid because one element is not fulfilled, namely marriage recording. In line with these conclusions, the holders of the marriage registration policy must emphasize the regulation of marriage registration. For religious leaders, should not facilitate the  secret marriage ceremonies which are patterned as pleasure.

scholarly journals URGENSI KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI) DAN METODE IJTIHAD DALAM MENGHADAPI PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmat Syafe’i
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Clear Conception

The tradition of Islamic law in Indonesia's Muslim population can not be separated from values, legal norms, and legal products. Therefore, the position of ijtihad is one of the important instruments in Islam. In this context, a mujtahid in general perform several steps in formulating Islamic rules from the sources, that are the Quran and Hadith. The position of Islamic law in the legal system in Indonesia is increasingly gaining recognition juridically. One of that is  enactment of the Marriage Law Num­ber 1 Year 1974 and Presidential Decree Number 1 Year 1991 on the Compilation of Isla­mic Law. Thus the actualization of Islamic law must be carried out systematically by con­crete actions. Actualization of Islamic law is not enough, it will even harm if done only for political action which campaign demanding the implementation of Shari'a. One of the problems encountered in attempts to actualize Islamic law is the absence of a clear conception of the legal matter that must be actualized in national law, both of which apply specifically to Muslims and generally applicable.

scholarly journals Effective strategies followed by multinational enterprises expanding into Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihné Coetzee ◽  
Henri Bezuidenhout ◽  
Gabriel Mhonyera
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Partnerships ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: Retail sector multinational enterprises (MNEs) face challenges and follow diverse strategies when they expand into foreign markets.Research purpose: The major aim of this article is to determine how three well-established retail sector MNEs, namely, Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite, addressed the challenges they faced and structured their market entry strategies in the African continent.Motivation for the study: While the opportunities in Africa are perpetual, breaking into the African market is not so straightforward. It is in this regard that the importance of determining the challenges faced by established retail MNEs in Africa and the valuable lessons that can be drawn by small and upcoming MNEs, from the experiences of these prominent MNEs studied, is exposed.Research approach/design and method: This article employs a mixed-method approach (i.e. case study and semi-structured interviews) to determine the challenges faced by Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite when they expanded into Africa, and how they overcame those challenges.Main findings: The findings reveal that Walmart and Shoprite possess a substantial footprint in sub-Saharan Africa, while Carrefour enjoys a substantial footprint in North Africa and Francophone Countries of west Africa. Furthermore, Walmart follows a risk-averse approach when expanding into the African continent and only expands into new foreign markets based on the market potential and the ability to succeed. Carrefour’s main strategy is to achieve international expansion into Africa through the acquisition of international partnerships with local and regional firms. Shoprite, on the other hand, maintains that no written strategy was followed when the retail MNE expanded into Africa. It is also evident that external factors are significant for MNEs seeking to invest in Africa.Practical/managerial implications: Not all MNEs expanding into Africa have been successful. Accordingly, the practical value of this article rests upon the lessons that small and upcoming MNEs can learn from the experiences of MNEs that are now well established in African markets.Contribution/value-add: This article contributes to existing foreign direct investment (FDI) literature by identifying challenges that Walmart, Carrefour and Shoprite faced when they expanded into Africa. In addition, lessons that aspiring and small MNEs, specifically in the retail sector, can learn from these three retail MNEs that are now well established in African markets are drawn.

An ʿĀ lim in the Russian Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-90
Author(s):  
Nathan Spannaus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Islamic Institutions

Following the Russian conquests of the 16th century, ulama became the foremost social authorities for Volga-Ural Muslims. Tsarist efforts at governing the Muslim population increasingly focused on them in the 18th century, with greater tolerance and state support for Islamic institutions alongside a co-optation of scholars’ authority. In 1788, the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly was founded, placing all ulama under a hierarchy controlled by the state. The Spiritual Assembly offered stability and permanence to Islamic institutions, allowing for a flourishing in Islamic scholarship, but it also transformed the ulama and application of Islamic law. This chapter addresses Muslims’ shifting relationship to the Russian state and the structural changes to Islamic institutions, and how this impacted scholarship. Focusing specifically on ulama in the 18th and early 19th centuries, it places Qursawi’s life and career within this context, particularly his education, the formation of his thought, and his condemnation in Bukhara for heresy.

scholarly journals Diabetes, driving and fasting during Ramadan: the interplay between secular and religious law

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Ghouri ◽  
Sufyan Hussain ◽  
Ruzwan Mohammed ◽  
Salem Arifi Beshyah ◽  
Tahseen A Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Challenging Situation ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Religious Aspects

A large proportion of the Muslim population fasts during Ramadan. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased with fasting during Ramadan in people with diabetes who are on insulin and insulin secretagogues. Therefore, the combination of fasting with diabetes and driving presents a challenging situation, with legal implications for such individuals and their healthcare professionals. This novel, narrative, non-systematic review discusses the importance of addressing hypoglycemia in fasting with reference to secular legal guidance on driving with diabetes. We discuss religious aspects relating to fasting and driving in Islam. While there is no clear guidance or legal position on diabetes and driving for individuals who are fasting, Islamic law provides a logical framework to address this. Healthcare professionals need to raise and facilitate discussions on this often-overlooked topic with people with diabetes who are planning on fasting to minimize the potential for public harm. For some individuals fasting perhaps should be avoided when driving and that this religiously compatible position would best be adopted when one is dependent on driving for livelihood. Ultimately further research on glycemic control and management when fasting and driving, as well as a formal legal guidance on this topic, is required to safeguard healthcare professionals and the public from the potential dangers of driving with diabetes and fasting.

A new index to measure ease of doing business at the sub-national level

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khee Giap Tan ◽  
Mulya Amri ◽  
Nurina Merdikawati
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel framework to measure ease of doing business (EDB) that undertakes a holistic approach incorporating three distinct environments: attractiveness to investors, business friendliness, and competitive policies (ABC). This is offered as an alternative to existing popular indicators of doing business (DB), allowing for better approximation of investment and economic growth at the sub-national level. Design/methodology/approach The proposed “EDB Index ABC” aggregates 74 indicators into five sub-environments, three environments, and ultimately into the overall EDB Index ABC. Values are standardised using the standardised score method. The framework is applied to 33 Indonesian provinces using a combination of primary data from surveying the business community and government departments as well as secondary data from formal government statistics. Findings The findings suggest a positive association between the proposed EDB Index ABC and competitiveness as well as investments into Indonesian provinces. In terms of explanatory power, attractiveness to investors and business friendliness seem to be stronger and more consistent, while the role of competitive policies is more ambiguous. Originality/value This research departs significantly from conventional approaches to the study of DB that tend to overwhelmingly focus on formal regulatory aspects by including macroeconomic factors such as market potential and infrastructure resilience as well as micro-level variables such as profitability and cost effectiveness, and the role of government in managing competition. Responding to calls for a bottom-up approach in understanding the EDB, the EDB Index ABC is applied to 33 Indonesian provinces.

scholarly journals Risk management as a social defence against anxiety

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. Geldenhuys ◽  
Madia M. Levin ◽  
Annelize Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
African Country ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Operational Risk Management ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Managing Risk

Orientation: This article deals with the unconscious role of risk management in an African country.Research purpose: The aim of the study is to describe how risk management unconsciously influences behaviour when doing business in an African country.Motivation for the study: Operational risk management is a rational management imperative. However, this does not take cognisance of the unconscious role of risk management. A systems-psychodynamic perspective might be particularly relevant if the anxiety implied in risk management is not appropriately contained. Awareness of these dynamics may provide an opportunity for addressing them and allow for a more holistic way of managing risk.Research design, approach and method: The researchers conducted the study as a qualitative case study in an African country. They used purposive sampling and analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.Main findings: Viewing risk management from a systems-psychodynamic perspective allowed the researchers to identify the influence of risk management on the behaviour of people. The emerging hypothesis was that, if businesses do not address the anxiety underlying risk management, managing risk becomes a social defence against the anxiety.Practical/managerial implications: Awareness of the anxiety involved in risk management may assist businesses to manage risk in a more realistic way, making provision for, and even capitalising on, the human element.Contributions/value-add: The article provides a systems-psychodynamic, and hence a more complete, perspective of operational risk management when doing business in an African country.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENEKAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN SERTA PEMERATAAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERBASIS ZAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dwi Ratna Indri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Poverty is a state of people who are not able to meet their needs. As a result, people cannot live a decent so that their standard of living decline. Differences of community groups with specific earnings income gaps cause problems. Therefore, the necessary role of government in equalizes the distribution of income distribution. Starting from the economic problems then came the idea of sharia, namely optimization zakat is obligatory for Muslims to remember Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Indonesia is not a religious country, but a country with a predominantly Muslim, the middle ground is needed, namely the role of the state and society in the two positions together. When zakat management is conducted in accordance with Islamic law, the mandate, expediency principle, justice and the rule of law as well as integrated it can undoubtedly reduce poverty and income inequality in Indonesian.

scholarly journals Underlying correlates of consumers’ attitudes towards Chinese apparel and relationship with purchase intention in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asphat Muposhi ◽  
Manilall Dhurup ◽  
Roy M. Shamhuyenhanzva
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
Managerial Implications

The study examined the influence of South African consumers’ attitudes and purchase intention towards Chinese apparel. A survey of South African consumers who had purchase experience of Chinese apparel was conducted to test the hypothesised relationships. Structural equation modelling results indicated that economic animosity and consumer ethnocentrism are negatively related to attitudes towards Chinese apparel and consumer purchase intention. The study revealed a significant, positive relationship between cosmopolitanism, attitudes towards Chinese apparel and consumer purchase intention. In addition, the findings of the study suggest the importance of cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism and animosity in market segmentation, targeting, positioning and market potential analysis. The study provides managerial implications for the marketing of Chinese apparel in South Africa.

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