scholarly journals UPAYA MENEKAN ANGKA KEMISKINAN SERTA PEMERATAAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERBASIS ZAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dwi Ratna Indri Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Poverty is a state of people who are not able to meet their needs. As a result, people cannot live a decent so that their standard of living decline. Differences of community groups with specific earnings income gaps cause problems. Therefore, the necessary role of government in equalizes the distribution of income distribution. Starting from the economic problems then came the idea of sharia, namely optimization zakat is obligatory for Muslims to remember Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Indonesia is not a religious country, but a country with a predominantly Muslim, the middle ground is needed, namely the role of the state and society in the two positions together. When zakat management is conducted in accordance with Islamic law, the mandate, expediency principle, justice and the rule of law as well as integrated it can undoubtedly reduce poverty and income inequality in Indonesian.

scholarly journals Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kevork Oskanian
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
State Action ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.

scholarly journals Standard of living, quality of life and per capita GDP: a South African experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Tabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Per Capita

This study looked at the phenomenon of the quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite statistic used to rank countries by the level of “human development”. Measuring and determining what is QoL is not an easy task. In this study, using HDI as the yardstick for QoL, the concepts of standard of living and per capita income were examined closely in relation to the role of government in its public expenditure programmes and how these programmes in turn influenced QoL. This research question was seen as the key to addressing the phenomenon of QoL. In particular, the role of government expenditure on health and education seems to signify the commitment of a government in improving the HDI or QoL. Using data on government expenditure of South Africa for the period 1995 to 2011, the relationships amongst these variables were examined. The findings indicate that there seems to be a significant correlation between HDI and government spending on health and education as a percentage of GDP, but there seems to be of no significance to include the variable government spending on health and education as a percentage of total government spending. The findings tell us that between 1995 and 2011, government spending on education as a percentage of GDP has had a positive impact on HDI. However, government spending on health as a percentage of GDP has had a retarding effect as shown by the negative coefficient of variation. It then implies that for South Africa to realize the MDG goals and improve on the HDI, public spending on health as a percentage of GDP needs to be significantly increased.

scholarly journals State-building for the market economy in Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-491
Author(s):  
Paul Hare
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractKornai's earlier works embodied the idea that state institutions formed a system with a strong tendency to reproduce itself, and hence to resist minor reforms. Thus, at the end of socialism, huge changes were needed in politics, economics, and the law to build a new system oriented towards the market-type economy, which would again be stable, self-reinforcing and self-sustaining. Transition promoted the development of new states in Eastern Europe that conformed to the Copenhagen criteria for the EU accession. Were we too hasty in thinking that we had succeeded? The new systems are not returning to the previous one, and only in a few areas have the basic norms of a market-type economy been set aside in Hungary or Poland. But concerns arise at the interface between politics, law and economics – to do with the rule of law, the nature and role of the state, and the interactions between parliament, the executive and the judiciary. Unavoidably, there is also an interesting international dimension here, represented by the shift from the Warsaw Pact and CMEA to NATO and the EU. This paper explores these issues in the light of some of Kornai's recent analysis of developments in Hungary, while also drawing on his very insightful earlier works.

scholarly journals Tantangan globalisasi, peran negara, dan implikasinya terhadap aktualisasi nilai-nilai ideologi negara

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Tatar Bonar Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh globalisasi, peran negara, dan implikasinya terhadap aktualisasi nilai-nilai ideologi negara bagi Warga Negara Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menjawab permasalahan adalah dengan studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara.  Dari hasil data ditemukan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai globalisasi yang mempengaruhi pola pikir, sikap, dan perilaku sebagian warga negara yang didukung dengan konsistensi, ketegasan, dan penguatan peran pemerintah dalam merawat nilai-nilai kebersamaan. Selain itu juga berimplikasi untuk meredam eskalasi dan kegiatan yang menjurus pada perilaku yang menonjolkan sentiment primordial serta berimplikasi memantapkan persepsi warga negara tentang pentingnya ideologi negara, walaupun tidak langsung mengakselerasi masyarakat mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai ideology negara secara signifikan.-----This article aims to analyze the effect of globalization, the role of the state, and its implications for the actualization of state ideology values for Indonesian citizens. The approach used in answering problems is through literature study, observation, and interview. From the results of the data, it found that there are values of globalization that affect the mindset, attitudes, and behavior of some citizens supported by consistency, decisiveness, and strengthening the role of government in caring for the values of togetherness. It also has implications to reduce escalation and activities that lead to behaviors that highlight primordial sentiments and has implications for strengthening citizens' perceptions about the importance of state ideology. However, it does not directly accelerate the community to actualize state ideology values significantly.

Regional budget heavy-subsidization determinants: Evidence from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219-2241
Author(s):  
Magomed R. TASHTAMIROV
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
Regional Budgets ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Subject. This article deals with the issues of identifying determinants that contribute to Russian depressed regions' overexposure to State aid. Objectives. The article aims to identify the basic determinants of increasing the level of high subsidy dependence of depressed regions of Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of econometric stochastic analysis, time series, coefficients, and logical generalization. Results. The article reveals the key role of socio-economic component determinants, such as the standard of living, unemployment, fertility, in the formation and strengthening of subsidy dependence of depressed regions of Russia. Conclusions. The current development status of heavily subsidized regional budgets of Russia depends on the dynamics of transfer support directly. The standard of living of the population of the regions, tension in the labor market, and investment activity have a major impact on it. The solution of socio-economic problems can contribute to a gradual and systematic exit from the state of heavy subsidy dependence of the Russian depressed regions.

scholarly journals Privatization In Transition Economies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Sağlam ◽  
Necmi Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
International System ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Transition Economics ◽  
Globalized World

This study basically examines the Soviet Regime’s former hinterland transition economies. In a globalized world these countries face with some major problems with their cumbersome public sector. Many countries have initiated to privatize state-owned enterprises aim of which is to improve the standard of living their citizens and to achieve a higher growth rate. As known, privatization plays an important role in reducing the role of government in society. In this sense, this study will analyze the process of privatization in Transition Economies. The main methodological way of this study is based on a broad literature review. In this sense, some basic articles and data will be the main source of this paper. Our study consists of two parts; while the identification of privatizations will be pointed out in the first part of study, transition economics will be the main subject of the second part. It is concluded that privatizations in which transition economies do not have the same results in the process of planned economy which is based on commanded economy. It will also be discussed that the process of privatization differs from one country to another. In this regard, our study will argue that why some countries such as Hungary and Czech Republic which are members of Europe Union are easily and fast integrate to international system in the sense of privatization.

The Importance of the Rule of Law in Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Daham Smko Hussein ◽  
Kittisak Jermsittiparsert ◽  
Paiman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the theory of governance and the role of law. The paper attempts to provide a constructive understanding of the rule of law and governance clearly. This study is composed of three main parts; the first part examines the literature on the concept of governance and its solid theoretical foundations. The second part reviews rule of law and the role of government in the process of governance. Third part intends to broaden the understanding of how governance is affected by rule of law especially in the developing world. The last part of this study deals with the conclusions and findings. The theoretical relevance of this paper contributes to a better understanding of specific components and factors that interlink governance and rule of law together in the public institutions. The main thesis of this study is, to what extend governance is affected by the rule of law?

Recolonization of states of Africa as a strategy for overcoming of economic problems of China

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
A.A. Obukhov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Verkhoturov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Examined is significant development trend of the modern world geopolitical system of its substantial transformation, caused to a large extent by strengthening of China and Russia. The authors believe that based on the principles of political neorealism, we can talk about the “third wave” of colonization of Africa that is being formed at present, and based on fundamentally different approaches compared to previous world experience. The basis of this strategy, applied by the PRC, is the desire to maintain the role of the “world manufactory” due to the low cost of labor, while increasing the standard of living of its people by implementing various social and infrastructure projects.

State. Civil society. Right.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Grudtsyna ◽  
Alyeksandr CHyernyavskiy ◽  
Dmitriy Pashentsev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Structures

The monograph is devoted to the study of the role of government in shaping, support and development of Russia´s civil society institutions. by the authors E practical examples and using the theoretical and legal structures proved the leading role of the state in the formation of Russian civil society, which is based in Russia "from below", according to the classical western models, and "from above", taking into account the centuries-old traditions and the history of the Russian people and the Russian statehood. The state acts as the management system in relation to civil society as a managed system. However, civil society functions as a self-regulating social system, the determining state. The fact that civil society - self-regulating system, and at the same time controlled, there is no contradiction. The book will be of interest to lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, public servants, students, graduate students and faculty of liberal arts colleges and faculties, as well as all interested in the development of civil society in Russia and the role of the state in this process.

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