scholarly journals Minimum inhibitory concentration of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) towards hand isolated Staphylococcus Epidermidis

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Ika Maria
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

The aim of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) towards hand isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis for preventing the cross infection. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on a serial dilution method in 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000, 1/8000, 1/16000, 1/32000, 1/64000, 1/128000 concentration with two repetitions. The result showed that the 1/4000 concentration of the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid was the MIC. In conclusion, the combination of Quaternary ammonium compound with Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid had an antibacterial effect towards Staphylococcus epidermidis with the MIC in 1/4000 concentration.

scholarly journals The minimum inhibitory concentration and exposure time of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with ethylendiamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swasty Dwirayunita
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The aim of this study was to determine The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the exposure time of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus so that the combination can be applied as a disinfectant against MRSA.The tested bacteria MRSA was isolated from the RSGM of the Faculty of Dentistry Padjadjaran University. This laboratory experimental study was conducted based on a serial dilution method. The combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA was diluted in 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000, 1/8000, 1/16000, 1/32000, 1/64000, and 1/128000 concentration.The result showed that the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA inhibited the MRSA on 1/1000, 1/2000 and 1/4000 concentrations. The effective exposure time to reduce the number of MRSA colonies are 2.5 and 3 minutes with 1/1000 concentration from the combination. In conclusion that the MIC of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA is in 1/4000 concentration and the effective exposure time is more than 3 minutes.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Toothpastes and Mouthwashes Available in the Iranian Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahidi ◽  
Shiva Tavakol Davani ◽  
Faranak Noori ◽  
Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei ◽  
Fatemeh Sodeif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain chemicals that may be harmful to oral tissues. This study assessed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of toothpastes and compare the Iranian and foreign toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the Iranian market in this respect. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples (13 toothpastes and 4 mouthwashes) were selected. The cytotoxicity of 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of toothpastes and 0.05, 2 and 10 µL of mouthwashes was measured after 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to human gingival fibroblasts, each in triplicate. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used for cytotoxicity testing. The serial dilution method was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in cytotoxicity was noted among different products (P=0.00). The difference in cytotoxicity of each sample was not significant at 1, 15 and 30 min (P=0.08). The obtained MIC for all toothpastes and mouthwashes was between 0.0039 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, except for Sensodyne toothpaste and Oral B mouthwash. Conclusion: Some brands of toothpastes have higher cytotoxicity due to their composition, and their cytotoxicity should not be overlooked. The antibacterial activity of the samples was almost equal when they were in contact with L. acidophilus and S. mutans except for the Irsha mouthwash, Sehat, Darugar and Bath toothpastes. The antibacterial effect of toothpastes and mouthwashes increased with an increase in exposure time.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Biocide Action against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 2920-2927 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Davison ◽  
Betsey Pitts ◽  
Philip S. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Biofilm Removal

ABSTRACT The dynamic antimicrobial action of chlorine, a quaternary ammonium compound, glutaraldehyde, and nisin within biofilm cell clusters of Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated using time-lapse confocal scanning laser microscopy. The technique allowed for the simultaneous imaging of changes in biofilm structure and disruption of cellular membrane integrity through the loss of an unbound fluorophore loaded into bacterial cells prior to antimicrobial challenge. Each of the four antimicrobial agents produced distinct spatial and temporal patterns of fluorescence loss. The antimicrobial action of chlorine was localized around the periphery of biofilm cell clusters. Chlorine was the only antimicrobial agent that caused any biofilm removal. Treatment with the quaternary ammonium compound caused membrane permeabilization that started at the periphery of cell clusters, then migrated steadily inward. A secondary pattern superimposed on the penetration dynamic suggested a subpopulation of less-susceptible cells. These bacteria lost fluorescence much more slowly than the majority of the population. Nisin caused a rapid and uniform loss of green fluorescence from all parts of the biofilm without any removal of biofilm. Glutaraldehyde caused no biofilm removal and also no loss of membrane integrity. Measurements of biocide penetration and action time at the center of cell clusters yielded 46 min for 10 mg liter−1 chlorine, 21 min for 50 mg liter−1 chlorine, 25 min for the quaternary ammonium compound, and 4 min for nisin. These results underscore the distinction between biofilm removal and killing and reinforce the critical role of biocide reactivity in determining the rate of biofilm penetration.

scholarly journals Uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jecklin Makolit ◽  
Olivia A. Waworuntu ◽  
Michael A. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

Abstract: Noni fruit (Morinda cittrifolia L.) is an herbal plant that contains antibacterial substances, inter alia acubin, lasperuloside, alizarin, and some antraquinons, that have been proved to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This study was aimed to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. This study used a serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni fruit was extracted by using maceration method with 96% ethanol. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were obtained from pure stock of Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Program Study, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The results showed that the MIC of noni fruit extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans was at 50% of concentration. Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration of Morinda citrifolia L. extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans was 50%.Keywords: noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.), Streptococcus mutans, MIC Abstrak: Buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L) merupakan tanaman herbal dengan kandungan bahan berkhasiat antibakterial seperti acubin, lasperuloside, alizarin, dan beberapa zat antraquinon yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode serial dilusi dengan metode pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Buah mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KHM ekstrak buah mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada konsentrasi 50%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada konsentrasi 50%.Kata kunci: buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Streptococcus mutans, KHM

scholarly journals Minimum inhibition concentration and anti-fungal contact time of quaternary ammonium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) mixture towards Candida Albicans isolate

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Yunita ◽  
Karlina Hardjawinata ◽  
Warta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Anti Fungal

The aim of this study is to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the exposure time of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans isolates from the 5 upper acrylic removable complete dentures. This experimental laboratory study was conducted based on a serial dilution of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans in 3 replications and statistically analyzed according to Kruskal-Wallis method. The result showed that the MIC of the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA towards Candida albicans was in 1/8000 concentration with minimum 8 hours exposure time. This study concluded that the combination of quaternary ammonium compound with EDTA had an antifungal activity towards Candida albicans at 1/8000 concentration in 8 hours exposure time.

scholarly journals In vitro study on the effect of antibiotic combinations on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Pal Kaur ◽  
Shamim Ahmad ◽  
Humayoun Ashraf ◽  
Giby Thachil
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Broth Dilution

Purpose: Effect of combination of various antibiotics on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. Study design: Experimental study. Methods: The biofilm-producing strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery before instillation of any antibiotic. The strains were subjected to sensitivity test to various antibiotic combinations. The most effective agent was selected and its minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution method. The statistics wereperformed using SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp.) and Chi square test. Results: A total of 22 biofilm-positive samples were obtained. The combinations of vancomycin with ceftazidime (p < 0.05) followed by moxifloxacin with cefuroxime (p < 0.05) were found to be the most effective. Antibiofilm activity was also shown by other antibiotic combination. The minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin and ceftazidime in 11 samples was 2.5 and 2.8 mg/ml, while in the rest of the samples, it was 2.5 and 5.6 mg/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of moxifloxacin and cefuroxime was 0.125 and 2.81 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, we conclude that antibiotics are effective in eradicating biofilms.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Detection of qac Genes from Disinfectant-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Salon Tools in Ishaka Town, Bushenyi District of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Solange Gahongayire ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Charles Drago Kato ◽  
Alice Namatovu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Bacterial infections are on a rise with causal-resistant strains increasing the economic burden to both patients and healthcare providers. Salons are recently reported as one of the sources for transmission of such resistant bacterial strains. The current study aimed at the identification of the prevalent bacteria and characterization of quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus isolated from salon tools in Ishaka town, Bushenyi District of Uganda. A total of 125 swabs were collected from different salon tools (combs, brushes, scissors, clippers, and shaving machines), and prevalent bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Identification of isolated bacteria was done using standard phenotypic methods including analytical profile index (API). Susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria to disinfectant were determined using the agar well diffusion method. Quaternary ammonium compound (qac) genes (qacA/B and qacC) associated with disinfectant resistances were detected from disinfectant-resistant S. aureus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing methods. Of the 125 swab samples collected from salons, 78 (62.4%) were contaminated with different bacteria species. Among the salon tools, clippers had the highest contamination of 20 (80.0%), while shaving machines had the lowest contamination of 11 (44.0%). The most prevalent bacteria identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.1%) followed by S. aureus (26.5%). Of all the disinfectants tested, the highest resistance was shown with sodium hypochlorite 1%. Out of the eight (8) disinfectant-resistant S. aureus analysed for qac genes, 2 (25%) isolates (STP6 and STP9) were found to be qacA/B positive, while 2 (25%) isolates (STP8 and STP9) were found to be qacC gene positive. This study has shown that bacterial contamination of salon tools is common, coupled with resistance to disinfectants with sodium hypochlorite resistance being more common. Furthermore, observed resistance was attributed to the presence of qac genes among S. aureus isolates. A search for qac genes for disinfectant resistance from other bacteria species is recommended.

Building a Better Quaternary Ammonium Compound (QAC): Branched Tetracationic Antiseptic Amphiphiles

ChemMedChem ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1401-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Forman ◽  
Megan C. Jennings ◽  
William M. Wuest ◽  
Kevin P. C. Minbiole
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽  
Ammonium Compound

Effect of Temperature and Contact Time on the Activity of Eight Disinfectants - A Classification

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GÉLINAS ◽  
J. GOULET ◽  
G. M. TASTAYRE ◽  
G. A. PICARD
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Amphoteric Surfactant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The combined influence of temperature (4, 20, 37 and 50°C) and contact time (10, 20 and 30 min) on the efficacy of eight commercial disinfectants was evaluated by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists use-dilution method. An increase of temperature greatly enhanced the activity of all tested solutions, particularly glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine acetate and the amphoteric surfactant, whereas contact time mainly enhanced the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, the quaternary ammonium compound and the amphoteric surfactant. Temperature and contact time influenced the activity profile of the disinfectants tested, with a maximum efficacy near the optimum growth temperature (37°C) of the test organism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442). This organism was highly resistant to the amphoteric surfactant as well as to the two quaternary ammonium compounds. Classification of disinfectants is proposed on the basis of their mode of action, temperature dependence and activation energies, heat and light stability, and tolerance to organic matter.

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