CONSUMER PROTECTION IN ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS: THE CASE OF INDONESIA

This paper aims to provide insights into the consumer protection in e-commerce in Indonesian context. In 2015, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which includes Indonesia as a member, was established for a regional economic integration by reducing the transactions costs of trade, improving trade and business facilities, as well as enhancing the competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises sector. AEC is expected to promote electronic transactions. Even though Indonesia has the Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection, this law does not regulate specifically on electronic transactions. In response to this limitation, Indonesia has issued the Law Number 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2012 on the Implementation of Systems and Electronic Transactions. This is followed by enactment of Law Number 7 Years 2014 on Trade, which regulates general domestic trade, foreign trade, border trade and commerce through the electronic system. The law aims to stem the flood of products imported into Indonesia so that the use of domestic products can be increased. This paper concludes that legislations which regulate consumer protection in electronic transactions are still inadequate thus Indonesia is not fully ready to deal with the consumer protection in e-commerce. Keywords: Electronic contracts, consumer protection, Indonesia, ASEAN Economic Community.Cite as: Agustin, E. & Kurniawan, F. (2017). Consumer protection in electronic contracts: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 159-169.

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Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penggelapan Uang Elektronik Dalam Transaksi Elektronik

Jurnal Hukum Kaidah: Media Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum dan Masyarakat ◽

10.30743/jhk.v18i3.1185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 27-39

Author(s):

Mazmur Septian Rumapea

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Electronic System ◽

Electronic Payment ◽

Payment Systems ◽

Payment Methods ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

Consumer Electronic ◽

Legal Subjects

The development of payment methods in electronic transactions, has recently developed and is very advanced, namely by using technology that is fast and up-to-date, so that it can be done more easily and flexibly. The implementation of electronic payment systems must be safe and protected physically (hardware / software) and non-physical (communication), have the ability in accordance with the specifications, and there are legal subjects who are legally responsible for the operation of the electronic system. Legal protection for consumers of online applications for electronic transactions cannot be fulfilled in the Consumer Protection Act.Keywords : Legal, Consumer, Electronic Transaction Protection

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Legal Protection of Investors Investment Virtual Currency

JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW ◽

10.30997/jill.v9i2.1033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ekka Sakti Koeswanto ◽

Muhammad Taufiq

Keyword(s):

Electronic Commerce ◽

Consumer Protection ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Virtual Currency ◽

The Public ◽

Trade Law ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

The Law ◽

The Republic

The presence of Virtual Currency (Centcoin and Bitcoin) in Indonesia is well known by Indonesian people as a business by means of speculation with the aim of making a profit that is used by its users as a means of exchange, means of payment and business by way of investment. Then pay attention to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currencies when Virtual Currency (Centcoin and Bitcoin) serve as a means of exchange or payment transactions in Indonesia by its users is contrary to the Act, however Law Number 7 Year 2014 on Trade, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2016 on the amendment to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection can provide legal protection for the public or investor users Virtual Currency (Centcoin and Bitcoin) in Indonesia.Keywords: Legal Protection, Virtual Currency (Centcoin and Bitcoin), the Electronic Commerce Transactions

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Harmonization Of Private Law In The Field Of Consumer Protection Under Remote Contracts

Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine ◽

10.15330/apiclu.51.3-14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

I.I. Banasevych

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Personal Data ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Scientific Article ◽

Eu Law ◽

Online Store ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

Effective System ◽

The Law

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the state of legal regulation of consumer protection under distance contracts in Ukraine and its compliance with EU law. At the same time, the author analyzes the international legal documents, the current legislation of Ukraine and the views of other researchers of this problem. The author has identified a number of shortcomings in the legal regulation of consumer protection under distance contracts in Ukrainian legislation. In particular, the Law of Ukraine «On E-commerce» obscures the requirements for an online store, which are actually dealt with by buyers (potential buyers). The main disadvantage is that an online store is recognized as a means of presenting or selling a product, work or service through an electronic transaction and not as a party to an e-commerce relationship with the obligation to provide relevant information. The problems of concluding and executing electronic transactions are also considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that the dispositive wording of the essential terms of electronic transaction in domestic law does not comply with the Directive 2000/31 / EC on e-commerce. This inconsistency can be remedied by imposing a mandatory information requirement to be provided by the service provider to the recipient in accordance with the Directive, rather than a dispositive list of electronic contract requirements. Progressive and in line with EU law is the provision of the Law on e-Commerce of Ukraine, which prohibits the use and demand of personal data by parties to an electronic transaction for a purpose other than committing the transaction. It is concluded that the creation and implementation of an effective system of consumer protection in Ukraine based on EU law is possible only through the interaction of all components of the system of consumer protection.

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Pelindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Dagang Melalui Sistem Elektronik (Consumer Protection in E-Commerce)

Negara Hukum Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan ◽

10.22212/jnh.v10i1.1223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Sulasi Rongiyati

Keyword(s):

Dispute Resolution ◽

Consumer Protection ◽

Research Method ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Electronic System ◽

The Common ◽

The Government ◽

Common Situation ◽

Research Show

E-commerce in Indonesia is continuing to grow. As a transactions with a special characteristic which involves parties across many jurisdictions without having to be physically present, a form of legal protection is highly required for the consumers. Through the normative juridical research method, this paper examines consumer protection in trade transaction through electronic system (E-Commerce) and its dispute resolution. The result of the research show that the consumer protection cannot be maximally implemented because regulating it is still distributed in several laws and requesting implementing regulations. In addition, Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection has not been able to extend consumer protection in the electronics’ trade transactions / e-commerce as a whole, especially in the common situation where parties have jurisdictional differences. Whereas in the case of consumer disputes, the parties can take the matter through litigation (on court) as well as non-litigation (off court), in accordance to the agreement agreed by the parties. Nevertheless, the alternative online dispute resolutions can be implemented in full. This research recommends that the Government shall immediately form a Government Regulation related on trade/commerce transactions through an electronic system and to regulate online dispute resolutions. AbstrakTransaksi dagang melalui sistem elektronik di Indonesia terus berkembang. Sebagai transaksi yang memiliki karakteristik khusus yang melibatkan para pihak lintas yuridiksi tanpa harus bertemu fisik, sangat diperlukan pelindungan hukum bagi konsumen. Melalui metode penelitian yuridis normatif, tulisan ini mengkaji pelindungan konsumen dalam transaksi dagang melalui sistem elektronik dan penyelesaian sengketanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelindungan terhadap konsumen pada transaksi dagang melalui sistem elektronik belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal karena pengaturannya masih tersebar dalam beberapa Undang-Undang (UU) yang memerlukan peraturan pelaksanaan. Di samping itu UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen belum mampu menjangkau pelindungan konsumen dalam transaksi dagang secara elektronik secara keseluruhan, khususnya dalam hal para pihak memiliki perbedaan yurisdiksi. Sedangkan dalam hal sengketa konsumen, para pihak dapat menempuh jalur pengadilan maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai kesepakatan para pihak, namun alternatif penyelesaian sengketa secara online dapat dilaksanakan secara penuh. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada pemerintah untuk segera membentuk Peraturan Pemerintah tentang transaksi dagang melalui sistem elektronik dan mengatur mengenai penyelesaian sengketa secara online.

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Islamic Perspective In Consumers Protecting Of E-Commerce Transactions In Indonesia

IKONOMIKA ◽

10.24042/febi.v4i1.3898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 60-70

Author(s):

Ricco Andreas ◽

Pingkan Retno Andini ◽

Sija Putra Rulanda

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Islamic Law ◽

The Internet ◽

Electronic Systems ◽

The Public ◽

Islamic Perspective ◽

Positive Law ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

Laws And Regulations

ABSTRACTElectronic transaction mechanism in Indonesia often cause losses to consumers. Consumer protection should be applied in all conditions in transactions,both in conventional and manual transactions.But with the development of the electronic world, the public questions whether electronic transactions held in electronic systems can protect their rights as consumers. How Islamic Law and Government Regulation No. 82 of 2012 on the Implementation System and Electronic Transactions can be set, and protect the rights of consumers who transact in e-commerce? The method used is the type of normative juridical research, the research focused on reviewing the application of the rules or norms of positive law. Results of the discussion are: e-commerce, can make consumers impressed and interested in buying goods that are marketed. It also became one of the reasons consumers prefer to shop via the Internet. But ignorance of the agreement in e-commerce transactions is as proof of legal agreements often make prospective customers do not dare to carry out a transaction and choose to cancel the transaction because it feels it will be very detrimental and cannot be prosecuted if the business actor defaults or is against the law. So in this paper we will discuss how the laws and regulations relating to ITE can protect the rights of consumers in e-commerce purchases.Keywords: Islamic Perspective,Consumer Protection, E-Commerce Transactions

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KEABSAHAN KONTRAK ELEKTRONIK (E-CONTRACT) DALAM PERJANJIAN BISNIS

Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum ◽

10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i09.p09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

David Herianto Sinaga ◽

I Wayan Wiryawan

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Electronic System ◽

Legal Research ◽

Trade Law ◽

Electronic Contracts ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

International Regulations ◽

New Form ◽

United Nation

Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini untuk mengkaji pengaturan bentuk kontrak bisnis berdasarkan peraturan perudang-undangan atau peraturan internasional. Kontrak konvensional telah diyakini sah dan mengikat secara hukum karena pengaturannya yang sudah jelas dan lebih sering digunakan dalam perjanjian bisnis di Indonesia. Kontrak elektronik merupakan bentuk kontrak yang baru dan perlu dikaji lebih jauh untuk memberikan adukasi bagi masyrakat luas di Indonesia mengenai keabsahannya. Penggunaan metode dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif untuk memecahkan masalah bentuk kontrak elektronik dan keabsahannya dikaji dari Burgerlijk WetBoek, Undang undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektonik dan United Nation Commission Internasional Trade Law. Hasil studi menunjukkan kontrak elektronik adalah kontrak atau perjanjian yang yang dibuat para pihak melalui sistem elektonik. Peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia bahkan internasional tidak pernah menentukan bentuk bentuk kontrak dan format kontrak secara mutlak. Para pihak bebas menentukan bentuk kontrak yang disepakati namun tetap mengikuti semua syarat kontrak utama dan telah diatur oleh undang-undang yaitu adanya kesepakatan dari para pihak yang berkontrak. Kontrak elektronik berlaku sah dan mengikat sah secara hukum. Conventional contracts are believed to be valid and legally binding due to clear arrangements and are more often used in business agreements in Indonesia. Electronic contracts are a new form of contract and need to be studied further to provide education for the wider community in Indonesia regarding its validity. The method used in writing this journal is a normative juridical legal research method to solve the problem of the form of electronic contracts and its validity is assessed from the Burgerlijk WetBoek, the Information and Electronic Transactions of Law and United Nation Commission Internasional Trade Law. The results of the discussion found that electronic contracts are contracts or agreements made by the parties through the electronic system. Indonesian legislative and even international regulations never determine the form of contract and contract format in absolute terms. The parties are free to determine the type of contract that is agreed upon but still follows the terms of the contract that are primarily and have been regulated by law, namely the agreement of the contracting parties. Electronic contracts are valid and legally binding.

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KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM PERJANJIAN ENDORSEMENT DIKAITKAN DENGAN ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK

Jurnal Privat Law ◽

10.20961/privat.v8i2.48402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Alya Yudityastri ◽

, Suraji

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Research Result ◽

Electronic System ◽

Civil Code ◽

Conceptual Approach ◽

Freedom Of Contract ◽

Standard Contract ◽

Electronic Transactions ◽

Bargaining Position ◽

Legal Writing

Abstract This article aims to find out the validity of standard agreements in general and specially on endorsement agreement. Validity of the endorsement agreement is reviewed from the Civil Code, Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In addition to knowing the suitability of the endorsement agreement that contains a standard contract clause with the principle of freedom of contract. Legal writing in this study uses research normative law with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. Research result it is known that the endorsement agreement is an example of a standard agreement with through the electronic system is in accordance with the provisions of the validity of the agreement according to the Civil Code, Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Protection Consumer. Standard agreement if it is related to the principle of freedom of contract is still being the debate over the suitability. Some are of the view that standard agreements are included in the terms of the endorsement agreement, are not in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract because of intermediaries the parties do not have a balanced bargaining position. Others argue that the agreement is in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract provided there is no clause exoneration in it. Keywords: Endorsement; Endorsement Contract; Standard Contract Clauses; Principle of Contract Freedom Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keabsahan perjanjian baku secara umum dan khususnya pada perjanjian endorsement. Keabsahan perjanjian endorsement ditinjau dari KUHPerdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Selain itu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian perjanjian endorsement yang memuat klausula kontrak baku dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak. Penulisan hukum dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perjanjian endorsement yang merupakan salah satu contoh perjanjian baku dengan melalui sistem elektronik telah sesuai dengan ketentuan keabsahan perjanjian menurut KUHPerdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Kesesuaian perjanjian baku dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak masih menjadi perdebatan. Beberapa berpandangan bahwa perjanjian baku termasuk di dalamnya perjanjian endorsement, tidak sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak karena di antara para pihaknya tidak memiliki posisi tawar yang seimbang. Sebagian lainnya berpendapat bahwa perjanjian tersebut telah sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak apabila tidak terdapat klausula eksonerasi di dalamnya. Kata Kunci: Endorsement; Perjanjian Endorsement; Perjanjian Baku; Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak;

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Pengaturan Waralaba Di Indonesia: Perspektif Hukum Bisnis

Liquidity ◽

10.32546/lq.v1i2.146 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 159-166

Author(s):

Muchtar Riva’i

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

Economic Community ◽

The Law ◽

The Government ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

Article 5 ◽

Laws And Regulations

The law arrangement of franchise law was first explicitly regulated by the Government Regulation No. 16 of 1997 which is then updated by Government Regulation No. 42 of 2007 to be created in an agreement that at least contains clauses as stipulated by Article 5 of the Government Regulation. However, franchise arrangements also associated with a variety of other laws and regulations applicable in Indonesia. This article is going to state that the importance of partnerships with small and medium enterprises as an effort to encourage the involvement of the wider economic community.

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Hukum Perubahan Status Harta Benda Wakaf: Studi Kasus Perubahan Status Kepemilikan Tanah Wakaf di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas

Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam ◽

10.24090/mnh.v14i2.3216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 239-250

Author(s):

Sarmo Sarmo

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Field Research ◽

The Law

This article discusses the practice of changing waqf for socio-educational purposes. The jurists of the fiqh schools argue over the permissibility of exchanging waqf land. As a country where the majority of the population is Muslim, Indonesia has made the guidelines for waqf which are stated in the law. No. 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the implementation of law number 41 of 2004, and the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia. This study is field research conducted in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency. This study concluded that the exchange of waqf land in this village was in accordance with the purpose of the waqf and in accordance with the law. No. 41 of 2004 Article 41 paragraph (3). The process of changing donated land for TK Diponegoro 136 is in accordance with Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the implementation of law number 41 of 2004. Meanwhile, the relation of Islamic law to the exchange of waqf land in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency is debated in accordance with the rules used by each jurisprudence school. Referring to the argument of jalb al-maṣāliḥ wa dar 'al-mafāsid, the exchange of waqf land in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency is not against Islamic law because it brings more benefits.

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TANGGUNG JAWAB PERBANKAN DALAM KASUS PEMBOBOLAN DANA NASABAH (Studi Pembobolan Deposito milik PT. Elnusa, Tbk)

Jurnal Privat Law ◽

10.20961/privat.v7i2.39340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Thessa Anial John

Keyword(s):

Consumer Protection ◽

Case Study Approach ◽

Legal Research ◽

Public Funds ◽

The Public ◽

Study Approach ◽

Banking Service ◽

The Law ◽

Research Show

AbstractThis article aims to study the bank’s responsibility towards fraud against customer with a case study of Bank Mega Fraud against PT. Elnusadeposito funds. This research is a normative legal research using constitutional and case study approach. The result of this research show that Bank Mega liquefyPT. Elnusadeposito funds carelessly without PT.Elnusa consent is an act against the law. Bank Mega hasfailed to fulfil it’s responsibility towardsthe customer as regulated Article 37 B paragraph (1) UndangUndang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 concerning banking service that stipulate every bank must guarantee the public funds deposited in the bank concerned The action of Bank Mega has caused losses both material and immaterial loss so that Bank Mega has to give responsibility and compensation for damage and consumer loss according to Article 19 paragraph (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 regarding consumer protection.Keywords: Responsibility; prudential principles; banks; and customers.AbstrakArtikelini bertujuan mengkaji tanggung jawab perbankan terhadap pembobolan dana nasabah denganstudi kasus terhadap Bank Mega dalam kasus pembobolan dana deposito PT.Elnusa, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan melakukan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus.Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tindakan Bank Mega mencairkan dana deposito milik PT.Elnusa secara tidak hati-hati dan tanpa sepengetahuan PT. Elnusa merupakan tindakan yang melanggar hukum. Bank Mega telah tidak memenuhi kewajibannya terhadap nasabah sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 37 B ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perbankan yang menyebutkan bahwa setiap bank wajib menjamin dana masyarakat yang disimpan pada bank yang bersangkutan. Tindakan Bank Mega telah menimbulkan kerugian baik materiil maupun immateriil sehingga Bank Mega selaku pelaku usaha berdasarkan Pasal 19 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan ganti rugi atas kerusakan, pencemaran, dan/atau kerugian konsumen akibat mengkonsumsi barang dan/atau jasa yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Tanggung jawab; prinsip kehati-hatian; bank; dan nasabah.

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