scholarly journals Urbanização de assentamentos precários em área de mananciais: um balanço da atuação do poder público e os desafios que permanecem na região metropolitana de São Paulo | Slum upgrading in water source regions: A critical review of the public power performance and challenges that remain in the metropolitan area of São Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Nicolau Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Slum Upgrading

Este artigo visa elaborar um balanço crítico sobre a atuação governamental no que se refere aos assentamentos precários situados na área de proteção aos mananciais da metrópole paulistana, particularmente a bacia da represa Billings de 1991 a 2018. O olhar retrospectivo sobre a atuação ou a omissão do poder público, em diferentes períodos, fornece elementos para questionar de que forma a diretriz de recuperação ambiental contida da legislação estadual e nos programas de intervenção se efetivou no território dos municípios, destacando as consequências sociais. Para isso, a análise se estrutura em três períodos, nos quais identificam-se alterações na legislação e nos programas de intervenção e financiamento; e baseia-se em pesquisas documentais e empíricas, que se articulam à perspectiva teórica da ecologia política urbana para problematizar a urbanização da natureza em suas múltiplas dimensões.

Stakeholder views of source separation collection programme in East São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2097277
Author(s):  
João Alexandre Paschoalin Filho ◽  
Andrea Ghermandi ◽  
António José Guerner Dias ◽  
Eliana Gonçalves da Luz ◽  
Tatiana Tucunduva Phillipi Cortese
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Worker Cooperatives ◽  
The City

The investigation of the views of the stakeholders involved in the municipal solid waste separate collection programme (CP) performed in the East Zone of the city of São Paulo is presented in this paper. Aiming to obtain the necessary information to be analysed, interviews with the manager of the Municipal Urban Cleaning Authority (MUCA) of the city, with leaders of recycling worker cooperatives (WCs), and citizens were performed using semi-structured questionnaires. The analysis was performed using the software “IRAMUTEQ”. The results show that, in the view of the manager of the MUCA of the city and the WCs’ leaders, the low adhesion of the population to the separate CP is the greatest obstacle to a further expansion of the existing programme. At the same time, the citizens have blamed the low diffusion made by the municipality about the separate CP in the East Zone of São Paulo. Thus, it can be concluded that the separate CP available in the East Zone of São Paulo is still flawed; since neither the public power, the WCs, nor the population are satisfied and point out several flaws. This situation highlights the need to establish better venues for discussion between the population, WCs, and the municipality to jointly design a separate collection system with a more participatory approach.

scholarly journals Financiamento da Educação: Gestão Democrática dos Recursos Financeiros Públicos em Educação

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (172) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Melchior
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Resources

Aborda a gestão democrática dos recursos públicos no Brasil, sob a perspectiva do processo administrativo, envolvendo o planejamento, a execução e o controle social dos recursos financeiros públicos. Pretende ainda ampliar a concepção de que a gestão democrática se dá pela via exclusiva da participação dos interessados nos órgãos decisórios. São enfocadas alternativas que podem levar qualquer cidadão a participar desse processo em educação e, por extensão, nos demais setores de atividades exercidas pelo poder público, fornecendo instrumentos para uma intervenção na receita e na despesa do setor público encarregado de gerir os recursos financeiros alocados para a educação. O trabalho divide-se em cinco partes: 1) a experiência no Estado de São Paulo; 2) a sistemática do planejamento público; 3) a sistemática da execução orçamentária; 4) o controle social dos recursos financeiros públicos e 5) as conclusões. Abstract This study approacches the administration of public resources in Brazil, from the point of view of the administrative process, comprising planning, accomplishment and the social control of the financial public resources. It aims also at extending the concept of democratic management through participation of the concerned in the decision-making institutions. It focus some alternatives to enable any citizen to participate in the educational process and, similarly, in other activities sectors performed by the Public Power, providing instruments for interventions in budgetary issues (revenue and expenses) from institutions linked to management of financial resources of the education sector. The paper has been organized in five parts: 1) the experience in São Paulo state; 2) the public planning systematic; 3) the budgetary performance systematic; 4) social control of public financial resources; 5) conclusions. Résumé Cet article discute la gestion démocratique des ressources publiques au Brésil, sous la perspective du procés administratif, comprenant la planification, l'exécution et le controle social des ressources financières publiques. Il prétend aussi grandir la conception selon laquelle Ia gestion démocratique est possible par la voie exclusive de la participation des intéressés dans les organismes de décision. On présent des alternatives qui peuvent conduire un citoyen quelconque à participer de ce procés en éducation, et par extension, aux autres domaines d'activités pratiquées par le pouvoir public, donnant desoutils pour une intervention à la receite et aux frais du secteur public chargé d'administrer les ressources financières destinées à 1'éducation. Le travail est divisé en cinq parties: 1) 1'expèrience à l'Etat de São Paulo; 2) Ia systématique de Ia planification publique; 3) la systématique de l'exécution budgétaire; 4) le contrôle social des ressources financières publiques et 5) conclusiones. Resumen Aborda la gestión democrática de los recursos públicos en el Brasil, bajo Ia perspectiva del proceso administrativo, incluye la Planificación, la ejecución y el control social de los recursos financieros públicos. Pretende aún ampliair Ia Concepción de que la gestión democrática se da por Ia via exclusiva de la participación de los interresados en los órganos de decisión. Son enfocadas alternativas que pueden llevar a cualquier ciudadano a participar de ese proceso de educación y, por extensión, en los demás sectores de actividades ejercidas por el poder público, proporcionando instrumentos para una intervención en el haber y en el gasto del sector público encargado de administrar los recursos financieros designados para educación. El trabajo se divide en cinco partes: 1) Ia experiencia en Estado de são Paulo: 2) la sistemática de Ia Planificación pública: 3) Ia sistemática de la ejecución presupuestaria; 4) el control social de los recursos financieros públicos y 5) Ias conclusiones.

The institutionalisation of self-build governance: exemplifying governance relationships in São Paulo/ Brazil/ Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Camila D’Ottaviano ◽  
Suzana Pasternak ◽  
Jorge Bassani ◽  
Caio Santo Amore
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governance Arrangements

The chapter shows how the housing policies for the low-income population in Brazil, especially in São Paulo, were transformed by popular practices. The huge increase of the Brazilian favela population in the last decades reaching more than 11 million inhabitants (about 6% of the Brazilian population in 2010) has led institutions to gradually tolerate heterodox practices (such as land invasion) and even to have them legalized by the public power. Starting from the point of view of Latin American urbanization and irregularity reality, this article describes the gradual institutionalizing of informal governance arrangements in Brazil and the evolution of the intervention paradigm from the 1960’s to the present day.

Evaluation of atmospheric aerosols in the metropolitan area of São Paulo simulated by the regional EURAD-IM model on high-resolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ediclê De Souza Fernandes Duarte ◽  
Philipp Franke ◽  
Anne Caroline Lange ◽  
Elmar Friese ◽  
Fábio Juliano da Silva Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Im Model

scholarly journals Characterization of Air-Quality Degradation Episodes of PM10 in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo and Their Relationship with Meteorological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Maria C. Q. D. Oliveira ◽  
Luciana V. Rizzo ◽  
Anita Drumond
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Duration Distribution ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in large urban centers, affecting people’s health and impacting quality of life. The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) presents frequent exceedances of air-quality standards in inhalable particulate matter (PM10), a consequence of pollutant emissions modulated by meteorological conditions. This study aims to identify and characterize PM10persistent exceedance events (PEE) inthe MASP between 2005 and 2017, relating them to meteorological conditions. The criteria used to select the events were: (i) events that occurred in at least 50% of the air-quality monitoring stations chosen for this study and, (ii) among the events that met the first criterion, those with a duration equal to or greater than five days, which correspond to the 80% percentile of the event duration distribution. A total 71 persistent episodes of exceedance were selected. The results show that the exceedance of PM10 lasted up to 14 consecutive days and was predominant in the austral winter, accompanied by an increase in maximum temperature (T), a decrease in wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH), and a wind direction predominantly from the northwest during the peak concentration of the pollutant. On average, a concentration increase of 60% was observed at the peak of the PEE.

scholarly journals Impact of vehicular emissions on the formation of fine particles in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area: a numerical study with the WRF-Chem model

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vara-Vela ◽  
M. F. Andrade ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
R. Y. Ynoue ◽  
A. G. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mass Size Distribution ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of vehicular emissions on the formation of fine particles (PM2.5;  ≤  2.5 µm in diameter) in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) in Brazil, where ethanol is used intensively as a fuel in road vehicles. The Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model, which simulates feedbacks between meteorological variables and chemical species, is used as a photochemical modelling tool to describe the physico-chemical processes leading to the evolution of number and mass size distribution of particles through gas-to-particle conversion. A vehicular emission model based on statistical information of vehicular activity is applied to simulate vehicular emissions over the studied area. The simulation has been performed for a 1-month period (7 August–6 September 2012) to cover the availability of experimental data from the NUANCE-SPS (Narrowing the Uncertainties on Aerosol and Climate Changes in Sao Paulo State) project that aims to characterize emissions of atmospheric aerosols in the SPMA. The availability of experimental measurements of atmospheric aerosols and the application of the WRF-Chem model made it possible to represent some of the most important properties of fine particles in the SPMA such as the mass size distribution and chemical composition, besides allowing us to evaluate its formation potential through the gas-to-particle conversion processes. Results show that the emission of primary gases, mostly from vehicles, led to a production of secondary particles between 20 and 30 % in relation to the total mass concentration of PM2.5 in the downtown SPMA. Each of PM2.5 and primary natural aerosol (dust and sea salt) contributed with 40–50 % of the total PM10 (i.e. those  ≤  10 µm in diameter) concentration. Over 40 % of the formation of fine particles, by mass, was due to the emission of hydrocarbons, mainly aromatics. Furthermore, an increase in the number of small particles impaired the ultraviolet radiation and induced a decrease in ozone formation. The ground-level O3 concentration decreased by about 2 % when the aerosol-radiation feedback is taken into account.

scholarly journals Mental disorders and employment status in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil: gender differences and use of health services

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Henriques França ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
Flavia Garcia Pereira ◽  
Laura Helena Silveira Guerra de Andrade ◽  
Maria Cristina Alochio de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Abstract: Mental disorders are associated with employment status as significant predictors and as consequences of unemployment and early retirement. This study describes the estimates and associations of 12-month DSM-IV prevalence rates of mental disorders and use of health services with employment status by gender in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Data from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey was analyzed (n = 5,037). This is a population-based study assessing the prevalence and determinants of mental disorders among adults, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The associations were estimated by odds ratios obtained through binomial and multinomial logistic regression. This study demonstrates that having mental disorders, especially mood disorders, is associated with being inactive or unemployed among men and inactive among women, but only having a substance use disorder is associated with being unemployed among women. Among those with mental disorders, seeking health care services is less frequent within unemployed.

scholarly journals Public perception of science of undergraduate students from the state of São Paulo: a study through the perspective of biotechnology

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Fernanda Oliveira Simon ◽  
Estéfano Vizconde Veraszto ◽  
José Tarcísio Franco de Camargo ◽  
Dirceu da Silva ◽  
Nonato Assis de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Mixed Approach

The association between scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science has historical, social and political implications. Therefore, it becomes essential to assess public attitudes in face of science as these relate to the changing context of scientific practices and their implications on practical and social problems. Thus, this paper presents results of a survey developed from a mixed approach, which evaluated the public perception of science and attitudes in face of the scientific and technological development, from the perspective of biotechnology, in a public composed of undergraduate students from different places of São Paulo State, in Brasil. The results obtained by confirmatory factor analysis are indicators that show that the conceptions that people have about science directly and positively influences their attitudes to science.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical characterization of the particulate matter inside two road tunnels in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 20839-20883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brito ◽  
L. V. Rizzo ◽  
P. Herckes ◽  
P. C. Vasconcellos ◽  
S. E. S. Caumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Single Scattering Albedo ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Road Tunnels

Abstract. The notable increase in biofuel usage by the road transportation sector in Brazil during recent years has significantly altered the vehicular fuel composition. Consequently, many uncertainties are currently found in particulate matter vehicular emission profiles. In an effort to better characterize the emitted particulate matter, measurements of aerosol physical and chemical properties were undertaken inside two tunnels located in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The tunnels show very distinct fleet profiles: in the Jânio Quadros (JQ) tunnel, the vast majority of the circulating fleet are Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs), fuelled on average with the same amount of ethanol as gasoline. In the Rodoanel (RA) tunnel, the particulate emission is dominated by Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) fuelled with diesel (5% biodiesel). In the JQ tunnel, PM2.5 concentration was on average 52 μg m−3, with the largest contribution of Organic Mass (OM, 42%), followed by Elemental Carbon (EC, 17%) and Crustal elements (13%). Sulphate accounted for 7% of PM2.5 and the sum of other trace elements was 10%. In the RA tunnel, PM2.5 was on average 233 μg m−3, mostly composed of EC (52%) and OM (39%). Sulphate, crustal and the trace elements showed a minor contribution with 5%, 1% and 1%, respectively. The average OC:EC ratio in the JQ tunnel was 1.59 ± 0.09, indicating an important contribution of EC despite the high ethanol fraction in the fuel composition. In the RA tunnel, the OC:EC ratio was 0.49 ± 0.12, consistent with previous measurements of diesel fuelled HDVs. Besides bulk carbonaceous aerosol measurement, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified. The sum of the PAHs concentration was 56 ± 5 ng m−3 and 45 ± 9 ng m−3 in the RA and JQ tunnel, respectively. In the JQ tunnel, Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) ranged from 0.9 to 6.7 ng m−3 (0.02–0.1‰ of PM2.5) in the JQ tunnel whereas in the RA tunnel BaP ranged from 0.9 to 4.9 ng m−3 (0.004–0.02‰ of PM2.5), indicating an important relative contribution of LDVs emission to atmospheric BaP. Real-time measurements performed in both tunnels provided aerosol size distributions and optical properties. The average particle count yielded 73 000 cm−3 in the JQ tunnel and 366 000 cm−3 in the RA tunnel, with an average diameter of 48 nm in the former and 39 nm in the latter. Aerosol single scattering albedo, calculated from scattering and absorption observations in the JQ tunnel, showed a minimum value of 0.4 at the peak of the morning rush hour, reached 0.6 around noon and stabilized at 0.5 in the afternoon and evening. Such single scattering albedo range is close to other tunnel studies results, despite significant biofuel usage. Given the exceedingly high Black Carbon loadings in the RA tunnel, real time light absorption measurements were possible only in the JQ tunnel. Nevertheless, using EC measured from the filters a single scattering albedo of 0.32 for the RA tunnel has been estimated. The results presented here characterize particulate matter emitted from nearly 1 million vehicles fuelled with a considerable amount of biofuel, providing an unique experimental site worldwide.

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