scholarly journals Carpoolers’ Perceived Accessibility of Carpooling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8976
Author(s):  
Margareta Friman ◽  
Katrin Lättman ◽  
Lars E. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Travel Mode ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Realistic Option ◽  
Low Levels

In order to constitute a realistic option to existing travel modes, carpooling needs to be able to offer adequate levels of accessibility. Insights into how carpooling services affect perceived accessibility up until now remain unexplored. In this study we explore carpooling experiences of 122 users in Sweden and examine a number of possible determinants of the perceived accessibility of carpooling. Results show that carpooling is not perceived by the users as particularly accessible with low levels across the sample. Moreover, multiple linear hierarchical regression analyses show that simplicity of travel, population density, years of education, and school and work-trips appear to affect perceptions of accessibility of carpooling, whereas travel time and cost appear not to. The final model explains a third of the variance in perceived accessibility of carpooling, thus nearly two thirds of the variation is still unaccounted for. Future research should explore further possible determinants of perceived accessibility of carpooling in order to explain, understand, and counteract the low levels of accessibility that appear to be linked to this specific travel mode.

How job crafting relates to task performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Weseler ◽  
Cornelia Niessen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Differential Relations ◽  
And Task

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between extending and reducing job crafting behavior, cognitive crafting and task performance. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical regression analyses of data from 131 employee-supervisor pairs were conducted to analyze the differential relations of five job crafting dimensions to self- and supervisor-rated task performance. Findings – The present study shows that reduction behavior is rated as counterproductive, and extension behavior is rated as productive in terms of task performance by employees themselves. Supervisors rated task performance higher when employees extended their tasks, and lower when they reduced relationships. Research limitations/implications – Future research should test the hypotheses in a longitudinal setting and should focus processes that moderate the differential job crafting-task performance relationships. Originality/value – By distinguishing extending and reducing task and relational boundaries and cognitive crafting, the authors give first evidence to possible negative sides of job crafting.

scholarly journals Interaction effects of P-O fit and Machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
JongWon Lee ◽  
KangHyun Shin ◽  
JongHyun Lee ◽  
WanSuk Gim
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Person Organization Fit ◽  
Main Effects

This research has examined the main effects and interaction effect of person-organization fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics. This study was conducted by using sample of 396 public officers and analyzed the main and interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on perceived organizational politics by hierarchical regression analyses which controlled demographic factors. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, as P-O fit score increased, the degree of perceived organizational politics tended to decrease( =-.143, p<.01). Second, the higher level of machiavellism was, the lower perceived organizational politics( =.272, p<.001). Third, interaction effect of P-O fit and machiavellism on the perceived organizational politics was significant(⊿ =.024, p<.01). Furthermore, results of this study showed that among three sub-factors of P-O fit, only needs-supplies and demands- ability had a interaction effect with machiavellism(needs-supplies: ⊿ =.033, p<.001; demands-ability: ⊿ =.024, p<.01). Finally, implications of this study and tasks of future research were discussed.

Observed callousness as a predictor of treatment outcomes in parent management training

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Bjørnebekk ◽  
John Kjøbli
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Teacher Reports ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Parent Management

Background: The goal of this study was to examine how observed Callous–Unemotional (CU) behavior influenced change in externalized and internalized problems, hyperactivity, social competence, and treatment satisfaction following parent management training. Methods: Three hundred twenty-three children and their families received Parent Management Training—the Oregon model (PMTO). They were compared at intake and after treatment in order to examine differences in 14 treatment outcomes using hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Children with low levels of observed CU showed the greatest gains after PMTO treatment. This was evident in parent, therapist, self, and teacher reports. Conclusions: The results indicate that it is possible to observe CU behavior among children with conduct problems, and that children with elevated levels of observed CU behavior may be in need of additional treatment or components of treatment or more intense versions of parent management treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relation between Karma, Qi, Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being among People in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Reddy Edara
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Relevant Factors

In addition to recognizing well-being as a multidimensional construct, the potential indicators of well-being also have been recognized as multivariate. Specifically, some recent studies have suggested that various indices of social beliefs, religious attitudes and spiritual practices have been said to be robustly associated with well-being. Therefore, given the overwhelming need for promoting well-being and an increasing recognition of the multivariate indicators of well-being, this research project attempted to evaluate the relation of Qi, karma, transcendental experiences, and spiritual practices with the subjective well-being of people in Taiwan. The relevant data from the national sample of 1,933 participants were subjected to factor analysis to extract relevant factors, which included social and religious attitudes of karma and Qi, spiritual indicators of transcendental experiences and spiritual practices, and positive indicators of subjective well-being. In addition to significant intercorrelations, the hierarchical regression analyses after controlling for demographics suggested that Qi had the highest contribution to subjective well-being, followed by spiritual practices, karma, and transcendental experiences. These results are discussed, their implications are elucidated, and the directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Individualism and Egalitarianism Can Kill: How Cultural Values Predict Coronavirus Deaths Across the Globe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dominik Güss ◽  
Ma. Teresa Tuason
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Related ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Specific Health

While in some countries, many people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), in other countries, only a few have died. Based on the cultural values theory, our first hypothesis was that in countries that are predominantly individualistic, the number of deaths will be high, whereas in countries with predominantly collectivist values, the number of deaths will be low. Our second hypothesis was that countries with high power distance and hierarchy will have fewer deaths compared to countries with low power distance and egalitarianism. The hypotheses were tested by referring to two different value studies (Hofstede's study of 76 countries and Schwartz's study of 75 countries) while also controlling for GDP per capita, Gini index, population density, median age per country, and BMI per country. Of the five control variables GDP and BMI significantly predicted coronavirus deaths. Taking into account GDP, Gini index, population density, median age, and BMI, hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the first hypothesis on individualism and the second hypothesis on egalitarianism. Therefore, in the case of this current pandemic, group-oriented and collectivist values and low egalitarianism values lead to specific health-related behaviors that ultimately keep more people alive.

scholarly journals Prediction of life stress on athletes’ burnout: the dual role of perceived stress

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Chyi ◽  
Frank Jing-Horng Lu ◽  
Erica T.W. Wang ◽  
Ya-Wen Hsu ◽  
Ko-Hsin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
College Student Athletes ◽  
Moderating Role

Although many studies adopted Smith’s (1986) cognitive–affective model of athletic burnout in examining stress–burnout relationship, very few studies examined the mediating/moderating role of perceived stress on the stress–burnout relationship. We sampled 195 college student-athletes and assessed their life stress, perceived stress, and burnout. Correlation analyses found all study variables correlated. Two separate hierarchical regression analyses found that the “distress” component of perceived stress mediated athletes’ two types of life stress–burnout relationship but “counter-stress” component of perceived stress-moderated athletes’ general-life stress–burnout relationship. We concluded that interweaving relationships among athletes’ life stress, perceived stress, and burnout are not straightforward. Future research should consider the nature of athletes life stress, and dual role of perceived stress in examining its’ association with related psychological responses in athletic settings.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Perceived Realism of Television Medical Dramas and Perceptions About Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunyi Cho ◽  
Kari Wilson ◽  
Jounghwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Perceived Realism ◽  
Medical Dramas ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Dimensions

This study investigated whether and how dimensions of perceived realism of television medical dramas are linked to perceptions of physicians. The three dimensions of perceived realism were considered: plausibility, typicality, and narrative consistency. Data from a survey of college students were examined with confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Across the three dramas (ER, Grey’s Anatomy, and House), narrative consistency predicted positive perceptions about physicians. Perceived plausibility and typicality of the medical dramas showed no significant association with perceptions about physicians. These results illustrate the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of perceived realism and the importance of narrative consistency in influencing social beliefs.

Assessment of Arterial Signal Timings Based on Various Operational Policies and Optimization Tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110111
Author(s):  
Suhaib Al Shayeb ◽  
Nemanja Dobrota ◽  
Aleksandar Stevanovic ◽  
Nikola Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Fort Lauderdale ◽  
Design Engineers

Traffic simulation and optimization tools are classified, according to their practical applicability, into two main categories: theoretical and practical. The performance of the optimized signal timing derived by any tool is influenced by how calculations are executed in the particular tool. Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and Vistro implement the procedures defined in the Highway Capacity Manual, thus they are essentially utilized by traffic operations and design engineers. Considering its capability of timing diagram drafting and travel time collection studies, Tru-Traffic is more commonly used by practitioners. All these programs have different built-in objective function(s) to develop optimized signal plans for intersections. In this study, the performance of the optimal signal timing plans developed by HCS, Tru-Traffic, and Vistro are evaluated and compared by using the microsimulation software Vissim. A real-world urban arterial with 20 intersections and heavy traffic in Fort Lauderdale, Florida served as the testbed. To eliminate any bias in the comparisons, all experiments were performed under identical geometric and traffic conditions, coded in each tool. The evaluation of the optimized plans was conducted based on average delay, number of stops, performance index, travel time, and percentage of arrivals on green. Results indicated that although timings developed in HCS reduced delay, they drastically increased number of stops. Tru-Traffic signal timings, when only offsets are optimized, performed better than timings developed by all of the other tools. Finally, Vistro increased arrivals on green, but it also increased delay. Optimized signal plans were transferred manually from optimization tools to Vissim. Therefore, future research should find methods for automatically transferring optimized plans to Vissim.

Romantic partners’ weight criticism and Latina/o/x young adults’ relationship instability

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110354
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Killoren ◽  
J. Kale Monk ◽  
Avelina Rivero ◽  
Dawson Quinn ◽  
Gabrielle C. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Relationship Instability ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Romantic Relationship Quality

Negative interactions between romantic partners, such as when one partner criticizes another about their weight, are associated with poor relationship outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine associations between romantic partner weight criticism, romantic relationship quality, gender, and Latinx young adults’ romantic relationship instability. Participants were recruited from a Qualtrics panel and completed 30-minute surveys online. The sample included 475 Latinx young adults (60% women; M age = 24.80 years, SD = 3.22; 66% Mexican) who reported on their experiences of romantic partner weight criticism, positive romantic relationship quality (e.g., intimacy, affection, nurturance), negative romantic relationship quality (e.g., conflict, antagonism), and relationship instability. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the study goals. Overall, weight-related criticism was more strongly associated with romantic relationship instability for men than for women. Further, for men, associations between weight criticism and romantic relationship instability were also particularly strong in the context of low levels of negative romantic relationship quality compared to high levels of negative romantic relationship quality.

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