KONSEP TEORI ETNOMETHODOLOGI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: SEJARAH MUNCULNYA TEORI ETNOMETHODOLOG, KONSEP DASAR, TOKOH-TOKOH DAN IMPLEMENTASI TEORI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-292
Author(s):  
Afdhal Zainal ◽  
Darmawansyah

Ethnomethodology is the study of everyday practices carried out by members of society in everyday life. Actors are seen to do their everyday life through various kinds of ingenious practices. Ethnomethodology develops in various ways. The two main types are institutional studies and conversational analysis. Ethnomethodology has a different perspective from structural and interactionist theories in viewing social reality. As explained above, structural theory sees the most significant picture of human social life in the external forces that compel the individual. Therefore, to understand social behavior, an understanding of structural determination in human life must be developed. Meanwhile, for interactionists, actors (individuals) are viewed as priority objects. So, this theory builds a comprehension by first understanding individual social actions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syafi'i

Ethics is a philosophical part of axiology and becomes an important basis in the formation of morality. Today, ethics even becomes a serious individual matter that has an impact on human social life. There are many Islamic philosophers who highlight the theme of ethics within the philosophical framework, one of them is Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi. His view of human action and especially of happiness shows his different mind from the previous philosopher. His view of happiness reflects the orientation of human life in the present that overriden by the crisis of existence. In addition, some of his essays even focus exclusively on ethical discussions. Unfortunately, only a few scholars studied his ethical mind in a brief sub-section. Therefore, this paper will try to fill the void, as well as to contribute about the importance of ethics for the sustainability of individual morality and social morality.


In trying to show you the character of social anthropology as an academic discipline, I might try to sketch some substantive and perhaps intriguing findings in the field, or the history of its development, or some of its major intellectual problems today. I have chosen the last of these alternatives, because by showing the general problems we are grappling with I hope to reveal to you, in part no doubt inadvertently, the ways that anthropologists think, and also how our difficulties in part arise from the character of the social reality itself, which we confront and try to understand. The fundamental questions which social anthropology asks are about the forms, the nature, and the extent of order in human social life, as it can be observed in the different parts of the world. There is no need to prejudge the extent of this order; as members of one society we know how unpredictable social life can be. But concretely, human life varies greatly around the world, and it seems possible to characterize its forms to some extent. We seek means systematically to discover, record and understand these forms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bejo Sutrisno ◽  
Albert Situmorang

The aims or this research are to analyze the moral values ​​and principles of moral values that are delivered in the "Kick boxer" movie. To strengthen this analysis, the qualitative research methods are used by using two data sources, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is “kick boxer" movie, where the data are carefully recorded from the movie based on the problem formulation. Secondary data is taken from other sources related to the analysis, such as journals, e-books, and websites. Based on the analysis, the findings of moral values ​​are presented in: (1) Trustworthiness; (2) Respect; (3) Responsibility; (4) Fairness; (5) Caring and the principles of moral values ​​present are: (1) Respect for rules; (2) Avoidance of illicit Operation. Furthermore, from these findings too, that moral values ​​and the principles of moral values ​​are a way of human life that reflect good behaviors that are very important and valuable things in human social life, in terms of getting peace, mutual help, happiness, and good goals


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Rama Kertamukti

Activity of human social life is currently mediated by internet technology. Mediation has created space in the activities of social life which previously had an activity in the body replaced by activities in cyberspace. Instagram is a technological social space in the posfenomenological dimension of cyber space. Instagram as social media mediates its user body to be shared with other users. Instagram is a mode of reduced social interaction and transcends bodily space, programmed body, identity constructed in digital form. The metrosexual man enters the Instagram room to image himself and share it with other users. This research analyzes how metrosexual man activities in consumption and presents his identity in cyberspace. This study uses a virtual ethnographic method by tracing metrosexual male Instagram accounts through the hashtag #priadewasa #ganteng. This method can explore deeper about subject interactions on Instagram. The result is identity and consumption activities in the form of fashion, the places they visit are presented making it their class that has their own tastes in activities shared on Instagram. The liquid space provided by Instagram renders de-identification. Instagram space gives a different space unlike theworld off-line. Human life is never static, the dynamics of human life are changes that can never be avoided. These changes are a process of human adaptation to the movement of the surrounding environment. One form of human adaptation is to create technology that aims to simplify and improve the quality of life. Keywords: Instagram, Metrosexual, Identity, Consumption ABSTRAKAktivitas kehidupan sosial manusia saat ini termediasi teknologi internet. Mediasi itu telah menciptakan ruang dalam aktivitas kehidupan sosial yang sebelumnya beraktivitas dalam kebertubuhan tergantikan dengan aktivitas dalam ruang siber. Instagram adalah ruang sosial teknologis yang berada dalam dimensi posfenomenologis ruang siber. Instagram sebagai media sosial memediasi tubuh penggunannya untuk dibagikan ke pengguna lain. Instagram adalah moda interaksi sosial tereduksi dan melampaui ruang kebertubuhan, tubuh terprogramkan, identitas terkonstruksi dalam wujud digital. Pria metroseksual memasuki ruang Instagram untuk mencitrakan dirinya dan dibagi ke pengguna lain. Penelitian ini menganalisa bagaimana aktivitas pria metroseksual dalam berkonsumsi dan menghadirkan identitasnya di dunia siber. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi virtual dengan menelusuri akun Instagram pria metroseksual melalui hashtag #priadewasa #ganteng. Metode ini dapat mengeksplorasi lebih dalam interaksi subjek di instagram. Hasilnya Identitas dan aktivitas konsumsi berupa fashion, tempat-tempat yang mereka kunjungi menjadikan kelas mereka memiliki selera tersendiri dalam aktivitas yang dibagikan di instagram. Ruang cair yang diberikan instagram mengarahkan de-idetifikasi. Ruang Instagram memberi ruang berbeda tidak seperti dunia off line. Kehidupan manusia tidak pernah dalam kondisi statis, dinamika kehidupan manusia merupakan perubahan yang tidak pernah bisa dihindari. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut merupakan proses adaptasi manusia terhadap pergerakan dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu bentuk adaptasi manusia adalah dengan menciptakan teknologi yang bertujuan mempermudah dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup.Kata Kunci: Instagram, Metroseksual, Identitas, Konsumsi


Author(s):  
Ana Silva ◽  
André Silva ◽  
J. Duarte ◽  
J. Torres da Costa

Shift work has become a common practice across many sectors during the past decades as a result of the growing demands of human life. There are many possibilities to organize shift schedules, however, all of them, some more than others, impose serious impacts on the individual´s health, social life and organization level. Thus, we conducted a review using Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science, and using the keywords and criteria deemed appropriate, with the main objective of identifying the main consequences that have been positively associated with shift work at several domains to this day.  The results of this review indicated that shift work and everything that this type of work implies, can lead to severe health consequences, namely sleep disorders, psychiatric disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, urologic disorders and even some types of cancer. These health consequences arise due to the disruption of the circadian clock system, which is associated with alterations at genetic level. Moreover, shift work also causes impacts in social life, as the individual may experience more difficulties in socializing with family and friends, which may lead to isolation and organization level, as excessive sleepiness, stress and dissatisfaction may lead to a detriment of the performance and alertness, which may result in more accidents. In conclusion, considering the nefarious effects that this type of organization of working time can impose, primarily for the worker, but also for the worker’s family and also organization in which this works, it is crucial that the organization seek to protect the worker safety and health, which can be achieved by consultation the working physician but also with the use of tools that allow monitoring the worker health and general cognitive state.


1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Inglis

Sociological analysis of Irish sexuality has been notable for its absence. This paper examines the contribution which Foucault's theory of sexuality as a discourse of truth and apparatus of power makes toward elucidating key issues in the history and contemporary field of Irish sexuality. Although Foucault provides good insights into the constitution of a hermeneutics of the self within different ethical regimes, his analysis of sexuality is inadequate when it comes to explaining how sexuality operates in everyday life and the individual struggle to attain power and position in social life. In this respect, the paper turns to the work of Bourdieu and examines the field of Irish sexuality in relation to his concepts of habitus, practice and capital.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Tatiana Martsinkovskaya ◽  

The article considers various aspects of urban everyday life, its role in the development of motivation and individualization of human life strategies. The concept of urban capital is introduced and its forms, which positively and negatively affect the formation of the features of urban everyday life, are revealed. The levels of urban capital, which allow to explore the individual style of urban socialization are highlighted. Furthermore, the relationship between urban identity and the internal form of the city chronotope is analyzed. It is shown that common to all variants of human positioning in the city space is the identification or attitude to various aspects of urban capital — localization, city status, social and ecological environment. It is proved that the main difference between these concepts is in the focusing of urban identity (as well as in a sharper form of urban capital) on the external parameters of the city environment, while the internal form of the urban chronotope emphasizes the inner feeling of a person, his own experience in certain places and time in a particular cityscape. This difference indicates the role of the personal chronotope, its internal form in the self-development and self-realization of a person and the connection with existence, intentionality of the personality. The similarity of the concepts of individual chronotope and small chronotope is shown; their influence on the development of the plot (in literature) and the structuring of the human world (in psychology) is analyzed. The relationship between individual parameters of the internal form of a personal chronotope as well as places and times in a small chronotope in their role in restructuring the large chronotope of a city into the human world is examined.


2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (43) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Saulė Gudauskaitė

Žinių visuomenė šalia saugios visuomenės ir konkurencingos ekonomikos yra pirmas iš trijų Lietuvos valstybės prioritetų, įtvirtintų valstybės ilgalaikės perspektyvos tikslus apibrėžiančiame dokumente – Valstybės ilgalaikės raidos strategijoje. Žinių visuomenėje išskirtinę reikšmę įgyja žmonių žinios ir kompetencija. Kompetencijos reiškia kompleksinę veiksmų sistemą, kuri apima žinias ar žinojimo gebėjimus, strategijas ir žinomus šablonus, kuriems reikia pritaikyti žinias ir įgūdžius, taip pat emocijas ir nuostatas bei efektyvų šių kompetencijų valdymą. Globalizacija informacijos sklaidai suteikia erdvės skirtinguose kontekstuose ir bando iš dalies įveikti skaitmeninę atskirtį. Modernus socialinis gyvenimas remiasi nebe tradicijomis, o nuolat kuriamu ir atnaujinamu reflektyviu žinojimu; visi socialiniai veiksmai yra nuolat analizuojami ir prireikus modifikuojami atsižvelgiant į gaunamą informaciją ir žinias. Tad kurios žinios reikalingos organizacijoje, o kurios tiesiog žalingos ar nepastebimos? Kompetenciją sudaro iššūkis, užduotis ar veikla, kurie apibrėžia vidinę kompetencijos struktūrą, susidedančią iš susijusių požiūrių, vertybių, žinių ir įgūdžių, kartu sudarančių galimybę efektyviam veiksmui pasireikšti. Kompetencijos negali būti sulygintos su jų kognityviniais komponentais. Kompetencijų struktūrą, vystymąsi ir vertinimą veikia socialinis ir kultūrinis kontekstas, kuriame individai gyvena. Individo ir visuomenės ryšys yra dinamiškas ir nepastovus. Straipsnyje aptariamas žinių visuomenės ir globalizacijos kontekstas, siekiama išsiaiškinti, kaip individai (organizacijos atvejis) vertina savo kompetencijas technologijų, naujovių, atsakomybės, mokymosi visą gyvenimą ir motyvacijos aspektais.Global coverage of individual competencies in knowledge societySaulė Gudauskaitė SummaryGlobalization is a suggestive term, which is often used in various contexts to describe a phenomenon of a field in world wide view. The term discusses the process of national economies integrated into global economy. First of all, globalization is characterized as a measure of internationalization. Competence means a complex action system, which takes in knowledge, knowledge abilities, strategies, as well as emotions and attitudes in effective governance of the competencies. Modern social life appeals not by traditions, but by changeable, creatable and renewed reflective knowledge. All social actions are analyzed all the time and modified when its needed by information and knowledge we get. There’s a question, which knowledge is necessary in organization and which ones are even harmful? A competence is the ability to meet a complex demand successfully or carry out a complex activity or task. The problem is in defining and selecting key competencies, which draws into power relations, political decisions, national cultures or practical considerations. The relationship between the individual and society is dialectic and dynamic one as well as the content of a competence, which creates the most important value. The main questions in the article, which is part of doctoral thesis, are: what could I define as a competence, key competence for individual and how do employees evaluate their competencies in aspects of technology, novation, responsibility, life long learning and motivation?


Author(s):  
David Novak

This chapter argues that the law prohibiting murder is the Noahide commandment most immediately and rationally evident. The rabbis considered its prohibition from two distinct points of view, the theological and the political. In theological terms, murder is the intentional taking of another human life, a life created in the image of God. In political terms, murder wrecks social life. Regarding murder at the individual level, the rabbis differentiated criteria for the punishment of Jews and gentiles. For Jews who commit murder, the death penalty is employed only under the strict standard of “hatra'ah,” or forewarning. Such a dispensation was not available to non-Jews. The law of homicide also deals with the morally knotty issue of abortion. Rabbinic Judaism permitted abortion only when the mother's life was in danger, but for Noahides, abortion was proscribed in every case.


Author(s):  
T. Łapian

The emergence and development of socio-cultural animation are closely related to the state of modern society and contemporary culture. Animation has become a response to their deficiencies and deficiencies, for the needs that our post-industrial society cannot satisfy. The development of civilization, which led to industrialization and urbanization, meant that the social structure underwent a radical transformation. Traditional forms of community life and the types of lasting relationships related to them have disappeared, and their place was replaced by individualistic culture focused on the individual and its self-fulfillment. The way we live has become increasingly dependent on the one hand on the state, with its ubiquitous institutions, and on the other hand on market mechanisms, increasingly aggressively entering all possible areas of social life. Many outstanding humanistic psychologists, such as Maslow, Perls, Rogers and Fromm, demanded action to transform the human individual. It was postulated to strive to develop in the individual such qualities as: openness, flexibility, the ability to make conscious choices, intrsteer, creativity, skepticism towards positively understood science and technology, striving for authenticity, treating life as internal changes, autonomy, caring for others, ecological sensitivity, independence, ability to self-organize into self-sufficient institutions, spiritual development. The theme of animation requires an interdisciplinary approach, as it concerns many areas of human life. Seen from a social perspective, it is associated with such phenomena as: enriching social and cultural life forms, inspiring people to creative life and creative activities, reviving local communities and various groups and environments, discovering the unrealized potentials of both individuals and groups. On the other hand, from the pedagogical perspective, you can see a range of methods in animation that can help you deal with contemporary educational and educational challenges. The publications have rich thematic literature that goes beyond Central Europe. The topic raised was not fully exhausted; this text is one of the components of the monograph being created, which will describe the overall profile of the animator and leisure time animation.


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