scholarly journals Reviewing Local Revenue Capacity in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Metasari Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
Tax Capacity

Fiscal capacity through Local Own-Source Revenuedescribes the region's ability to explore existing sources of income in the region. Data from BPS (2019) on the level of regional independence shows 11 provinces in the low category, 15 provinces in the low category, and eight provinces in the moderate category. Until now, no province in Indonesia has been included in the high category of regional independence. The novelty of this study, trying to revisit the issue of Local Own-Source Revenue in Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of per capita GDP variables, the value of the trade sector, and the value of the agricultural sector on Local Own-Source Revenuecapacity. Local Own-Source Revenue capacity is measured using the concept of tax capacity, namely Local Own-Source Revenuedivided by PDRB. The object of the study was 34 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2010-2019 (10 years). The research method uses an unbalanced regression panel with a fixed-effect model approach. The study results were that the per capita GDP had a positive and significant effect on Local Own-Source Revenue capacity. The trade sector had a positive and insignificant effect, and the agricultural sector had a significant negative impact on Local Own-Source Revenuecapacity. Therefore, the Provincial Government needs to continue to increase GDP per capita, issue regulations, and maintain regional conditions to support trade activities and approach the public to pay taxes, especially provincial taxes. The provincial government also needs to increase the downstream and industrialization of agricultural products to increase the capacity of Local Own-Source Revenue. Keywords: Local Own-Source Revenue; Tax Capacity  

scholarly journals A RELATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, OIL AND NON-OIL TAX REVENUES TO NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC EXPANSION

10.26458/1927 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi OMODERO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Using Data

The decline in oil prices globally has led to diversification of economy in most oil enriched countries.  In Nigeria, more attention is given to agriculture and non-tax revenue sources to ensure that the country overcomes a mono-economy syndrome which has affected the nation in the past.  This study assesses the contributions of agriculture, oil and non-oil tax revenue to economic expansion in Nigeria using data that cover a period from 1981 to 2017.  The regression results indicate that oil revenue has a significant negative impact on economic growth which is represented by gross domestic product.  On the contrary, the study finds evidence that agriculture and non-oil tax revenue have a robust significant and positive influence on economic growth.  Therefore, the study suggests that tax administration in Nigeria should be more business-growth conscious and that agriculture should be given a boost by creating an enabling environment that could attract foreign direct investments in the agricultural sector.  The study also recommends that oil revenues should be utilized for reinvestments into other sectors of the economy. Keywords:  Oil revenue, non-oil tax revenue, agriculture, economic growth, Nigeria.JEL Classifications: H27, H24, H25, N5, O4  

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

The Inter-Linkage Between Governance and Poverty

2019 ◽  
pp. 838-865
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Dyuti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
The Impact

This chapter aims at assessing the impact of governance on the country's economic and human well-being in the selected South Asian countries. The study finds that for the countries-India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, over the years 1990-2012, the growing rate of GDP per capita (PPP) and growing employment to population ratio has a significant negative impact on the Global Hunger Index as expected. Also the panel regression run for the eight SAARC countries over the period 2007-13 to find out the impact of each of the six governance indicators on the per capita GDP showed that political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness and regulatory quality have very strong and significant role in augmenting the economic output besides the remaining indicators. The trends for each of the indicators across countries over time show that except Bhutan, none of the countries are exhibiting good performance of the governance indicators.

External Sector: Between Congestion and Sanctions—‘Syrian Economy Case, 1987–2018’

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Forat Suliman ◽  
Homam Khwanda
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
External Sector ◽  
The Impact

Since the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in March 2011, the USA, European Union, Arab League and several other regulatory entities imposed negative economic sanctions on Syria—some of the most comprehensive ever implemented. This article first provides an assessment of Syrian foreign trade sector during the reform period of the 2000s and its impact on economic growth. Second, it estimates the impact of sanctions and conflict on the trade sector of the Syrian economy. The analysis is conducted using a panel-gravity model between Syria and 78 trading partners (1987–2017). Multilateral sanctions and conflict-related disruptions demonstrate a large significant negative impact on Syria-bilateral trade flow by 65 per cent. We attempt to find out whether the Syrian economy was able to divert trade away from Europe and/or conduct de-Europeanisation. Findings confirm that the Syrian economy was unable to divert trade flow to Asian and other countries due to the conflict-related congestion and distance factor. JEL: C33, F10

scholarly journals Does Geopolitics Have an Impact on Energy Trade? Empirical Research on Emerging Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5199
Author(s):  
Fen Li ◽  
Cunyi Yang ◽  
Zhenghui Li ◽  
Pierre Failler
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geopolitical Risks

The energy trade is an important pillar of each country’s development, making up for the imbalance in the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Geopolitical risks affect the energy trade of various countries to a certain extent, but the causes of geopolitical risks are complex, and energy trade also involves many aspects, so the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is also complex. Based on the monthly data from 2000 to 2020 of 17 emerging economies, this paper employs the fixed-effect model and the regression-discontinuity (RD) model to verify the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade first and then analyze the mechanism and heterogeneity of the impact. The following conclusions are drawn: First, geopolitics has a significant negative impact on the import and export of the energy trade, and the inhibition on the export is greater than that on the import. Second, the impact mechanism of geopolitics on the energy trade is reflected in the lagging effect and mediating effect on the imports and exports; that is, the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade continued to be significant 10 months later. Coal and crude oil prices, as mediating variables, decreased to reduce the imports and exports, whereas natural gas prices showed an increase. Third, the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is heterogeneous in terms of national attribute characteristics and geo-event types.

present state of the country's statistical and economic system, such exercises are impracticable, and we will therefore focus on the wider distributional features of teh DTYP. Also excluded is any discussion or test of the feasibility fo the DTYP targets in narrow technical terms. In keeping with our mild scepticism over the officially adopted population growth rates, we will assume a growth rate of population of 3.0 per cent per year over the period. This does not alter any of our arguments in a significant fashion. One other statistic has been altered: the growth rate for agriculture. In the DTYP, this is pegged at 4.5 per cent per annum. However, this includes the rapidly expanding export sector which carries a base-year weight of about 12 per cent, and which has a target growth rate of ten per cent per annum. This implies a growth rate of 3.5 per cent for the non-export domestic agricultural sector, and we will utilise this rate in our calculations. Let us return then to the simple analytical device used in our discussion of the inflationary process and compute the * warranted' levels, y*, n* and e*, and compare these with the targets for y, n and e. This is done in Table 12 which offers some strategic insights into the possible distributional dilemmas and implications of the DTYP. With n = 3.5 per cent, y* = 3.8 per cent, implying a warranted per capita GDP growth of under one per cent per annum, in contrast to the targeted 4.5 per cent or more. If we set y = 7.5 per cent, then n* = 5.7 per cent.

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-180
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Analytical Device

What’s Causing Secularization? Insecurity

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Inglehart
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Welfare Expenditures

Evolutionary modernization theory holds that both religiosity and pro-fertility norms are linked with existential insecurity, and a massive body of empirical evidence confirms this: secure people and secure countries show the lowest levels of religiosity. Existential security reflects not only a society’s per capita GDP but how evenly it is distributed, making income inequality a strong predictor of religiosity. Similarly, high levels of social welfare expenditures have a strong negative impact on religious attendance. Historic vulnerability to disease also has a persisting impact on religiosity: countries that were vulnerable to disease tend to be relatively poor and have low life expectancy and high infant mortality and high religiosity today. Overall, various indicators of existential security have a strong impact on religiosity, but this impact has a generational delay: the strongest predictor of religiosity around 2018 is the society’s level of infant mortality, not at the time of the survey but almost 40 years earlier, in 1980.

The Problem of Productivity Factors in the Economy of Modern Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya ◽  
Леонид Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Per Capita

The econometric models constructed in the work allowed us to establish the main production factors that streamline the productivity level — per capita GRP in modern Russia. The most significant positive impact on productivity is exerted by capital, which estimated by the labor funds. The level of education of the employed population has a significant positive impact on productivity. In most regions of the country, new technologies, embodied in new fixed assets, have a positive impact on productivity. In most regions of the country, the number of officials has a significant negative impact on productivity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Quality on Population Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
◽  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Chun-Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Based on annual panel data of OECD countries from 1995 to 2014, this paper analyzes the impact of air quality (including per capita CO2, PM2.5, and SO emissions) on the immigrant population through a panel fixed-effect model, while employing control factors such as GDP, unemployment rate, and education level. Overall, we provide evidence that air quality is a key determinant of immigration in the selected countries, and in particular the host country’s emissions have a negative impact on immigrants. Greater emissions imply fewer immigrants, while fewer emissions denote more immigrants. Our findings provide countries with a way to more accurately estimate migrant inflow and offer an idea for OECD members on how to attract immigrants via an improvement in environmental quality.

From Empire to Nation-State

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-183
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Rates Of Growth

This chapter begins with global and national political developments and explores how they led to changes in economic policies and institutions, as well as the consequences of these changes. Both world wars, as well as the Great Depression, had a significant negative impact on the economy. In addition, the transition from the empire to a new nation-state within new borders had long-lasting economic consequences. As a result, both total and per capita GDP fluctuated sharply during these decades. The chapter demonstrates how the decade of the Great Depression from 1929 to 1939 was characterized by protectionism, industrialization led by the state, and moderately high rates of growth.

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