scholarly journals Representasi Pribumi Dalam Njai Dasima Versi Th. Manusama

ATAVISME ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Yulitin Sungkowati
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Power ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Material Goods

Nyai Dasima story accurately reflects some problems deal with the politics of identity and the complexity of relation between colonized. The politics of identity strategy which is implemented by colonizers could be traced in literary works. Th. Manusama Njai Dasima that is written in colonial era reflects its strategy in the representation of pribumi or 'native' as a villainous and greedy character. Claiming for Islamic value, the native is portrayed as a bandit who greedily holds up the white's wealth. The natives are also depicted easily killing each other merely due to material goods. In order to influence the readers, colonizers strive to destroy the native reputation and Islamic value. As a part of colonialist, Th. Manusama, as a part of the colonizer, has an intention to enhance the hegemonic colonial power by represents that the natives voluntarily accept colonial power by represents that the natives voluntarily accept colonialism.

scholarly journals MEMORIZING PROPAGANDA OF EQUALITY IN NGULANDARA AND KIRTI NDJOENJOENG DRADJAT, NOVELS OF BALAI POESTAKA (Mengingat Kembali Propaganda Kesetaraan dalam Novel-Novel Balai Poestaka, Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoenjoeng Dradjat)

Kandai ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Yohanes Adhi Satiyoko
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
The Way

Equality of men is a great issue to maintain every country all the time. Indonesia is one of them which should struggle to maintain it so far. Fictional work is one of the aesthetical means to support it. The way of struggle can be memorized through the time of independence era in fictional works of Balai Poestaka publisher. Javanese language novels, Ngulandara and Kirti NdjoendjoengDradjat are two literary works published by BalaiPoestaka that were written in the dominance times of Balai Poestaka activities as commission for people’s reading in Dutch colonial era in Indonesia (Dutch Indies). Kepriyayian (nobility) was the theme of Ngulandara (1936) and Kirti NdjoendjoengDradjat(1924) novels. As seen from propaganda point of view, ideologically the portrayal of priyayi (nobleman) was analogy symbol of Dutch colonial government that ruled social system. Ngulandara and Kirti Njunjung Drajat showed a “struggle” through literary works as portrayed in wong cilik (Javanese: lower class people) who struggled against the existence of the authorities. The struggle emerged in the way of wong cilik behaved intellectually, morally, even mannerly better than the nobles (priyayi). This research used the theory of literature and propaganda using a sociological approach. Those oppositional relationships between deconstruction nobles and the raise of wong cilik in the field of intellectual, moral, and manner show the propaganda of equality of men through the voice of Jasawidagdo and Margana Djajaatmadja.Kesetaraan manusia merupakan isu besar yang harus selalu dijaga di setiap negara. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang harus tetap berjuang menjaga isu tersebut. Karya fiksi berfungsi sebagai salah satu peranti estetis untuk mendukung isu tersebut. Cara memperjuangkan isu tersebut ialah dengan mengingat kembali masa kemerdekaan melalui penerbit Balai Poestaka. Novel-novel berbahasa Jawa, Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoendjoeng Dradjat ialah dua karya sastra yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Poestaka yang ditulis pada waktu dominasi Balai Poestaka sebagai komisi bacaan rakyat di era kolonial Belanda di Indonesia (Hindia Belanda). Kepriyayian merupakan tema novel Ngulandara (1936) dan Kirti Njoendjoeng Dradjat (1924). Dilihat dari sudut pandang propaganda, penggambaran priyayi merupakan analogi simbol pemerintah kolonial Belanda yang berkuasa mengatur sistem sosial kemasyarakatan. Ngulandara dan Kirti Ndjoendjoeng Dradjat menunjukkan sebuah “perjuangan” melalui karya sastra seperti digambarkan melalui wong cilik yang berjuang melawan kemapanan penguasa. Perjuangan tersebut muncul dengan cara wong cilik tersebut bertindak secara intelektual, bermoral, bahkan bersikap lebih terhormat daripada para priyayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sastra dan propaganda dengan pendekatan sosiologi. Relasi oposisional antara dekonstruksi priyayi dan bangkitnya wong cilik dalam ranah intelektual, moral, dan sikap menunjukkan propaganda kesetaraan manusia melalui suara Jasawidagdo dan Margana Djajaatmadja.  

scholarly journals Traditional Institutions and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Bolaji Omitola ◽  
Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde ◽  
Adetola Omitola
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Institutions

Traditional institutions held pre-eminence positions in the pre-colonial societies in Nigeria. The level of order witnessed during this period was a testimony to the invaluable roles played by the traditional rulers in administering their different empires, kingdoms and communities. However, during the colonial era, the position of traditional rulers was compromised as they became mere stooges of the colonial power. The post-colonial period saw the traditional rulers’ roles diminished as they were given advisory roles in previous constitutions and with no single role in the 1999 Constitution. Thus, for the continuous relevance of the traditional institutions, there is a need for re-examination of their roles in the country. This chapter argues for community based developmental roles for the traditional rulers in the country. These include promotion of tourism development, encouraging modern agricultural development, maintenance of peaceful co-existence among the people of their domain and settlers from other parts of the country, providing platform for alternative dispute resolution, monitoring the activities of the various vigilante groups and other unconventional security apparatus in their communities and lastly partnering the security operatives through intelligence gathering within their domains for effective operations of security outfits in serving the people better.

scholarly journals Adoption, diffusion and appropriation of double entry book-keeping in Mexico and Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Batiz Lazo ◽  
J. Julián Hernández Borreguero ◽  
J. Carles Maixé Altés ◽  
Miriam Nuñez Torrado
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Double Entry

<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">There are conflicting and even contradictory claims as to when exactly double entry bookkeeping arrived to New Spain as well as its diffusion during the colonial era. Although we fail to present evidence from Mexican private enterprise, we address the apparent contradictions while putting forward the idea that the history of “modern” accounting practice in Latin America should be framed by developments in its former colonial power. Our conclusion is that the history of Latin American accounting should be wary of extrapolating everyday practice by interpreting bibliographic material and proceed to pay greater attention to the appropriation of accounting technology through the examination of surviving company documents as well as informal educational practices amongst organizations based in Spain and its colonies.</span>

“The Yalu River Era of Developing Asia”: Japanese Expertise, Colonial Power, and the Construction of Sup'ung Dam

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Stephen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Yalu River

Through investigating the construction of one of Japan's largest infrastructure projects during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), this article examines the formation of a technocratic regime of colonial development expertise that was an important pillar of Japanese imperial rule and continued to have powerful effects throughout postwar Asia. It analyzes how a particular form of technical expertise and the wider discourse of “Scientific Japan” as the modernizer of Asia were legitimated and naturalized, as well as how they operated as a system of colonial power. Japan and other East Asian regimes after the war continued to invoke forms of technocratic expertise with origins in the colonial era as part of their state-led development programs, often with adverse effects on their populations. Thus this article concludes that there is a continuing need to critique, historicize, and denaturalize such regimes of expertise invoked by networks of bureaucrats, businessmen, engineers, and experts.

scholarly journals “Colonize and Cholerize”: an attempt to decipher the ambiguity of the literary representation of the cholera epidemics in Nineteenth Century India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Goswami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Set Up

The modus operandi of categorising European and especially British authors as representative of the hegemonic colonial enterprise that subjugated the Indian sub-continent for nearly two hundred years is a common analogy while dealing with the colonial era. The seemingly simplistic logic is problematised, when a British author, closely related to the ruling administrative set-up voices dissent, whereas the colonised intelligentsia fails to register minimal protest in their literary works. The article would try to decipher the anti- orientalist discourse with special reference to the literary representation of cholera epidemics in Fanny Parkes’s Wanderings of a pilgrim in search of the picturesque (1850), during the patriarchal-colonising enterprise in vogue and envisage to compare Lal Behari Day’s Folktales of Bengal (1883), which fails to express the reality of an epidemic-devastated land and displeasure of the commoners towards the ruling class for their inept handling of the epidemics.

scholarly journals The Portrayal of Women: Feminist Analysis of A Hologram for The King

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Samal Marf Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Self Objectification

This research paper attempts to investigate the representation of women, their character and their rights in Dave Eggers’ novel A Hologram for the King (2012), according to the feministic approach to literary works. Gender bias has been reflected in many literary works from classical canonical works to contemporary literary ones and has been dealt with in many critical pieces. The theme of self-objectification, which is closely tied to gender bias to some extent, has not been analyzed, independently and fully, especially in the literature of the post-colonial era. The current study scrutinizes the writer’s portrayal of women characters in order to uncover the replication of the same stereotypes and gender bias categories against women, dominant in the literary works before the post-colonial era. Based on the feminist approach, A Hologram for the King is identified as a misogynist work although it is written in postmodern era. The author of the novel, is inspired by men’s superiority, creates a completely distorted image of women by introducing them as people who turn themselves into objects of pleasure for men. The novelist further deprives women of their rights and misrepresents them as unprincipled humans, disparaging them as naïve and sexually licentious creatures. After all, this study becomes a means of writing back against marginalization of women, in their picturization and their subordination to men.

scholarly journals Penetration of Dutch Colonial Power Against the Sultanate of Jambi, 1615-1904

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Budi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Local People ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The arrival of the Dutch in Jambi gave the impression of almost coincidence because Jambi was not familiar and not a large sultanate in Sumatra compared to Aceh. Even Jambi as a relatively small and unimportant kingdom in the 19th century. However, during the colonial era, some penetrations made to the Sultanate of Jambi. This study examines several factors that caused resistance from the rulers and local people of Jambi against the Dutch colonial power. By using a historical method that emphasized on the secondary sources, this study identifies those factors to make penetration. It shows that economic factors in which the Dutch monopoly trading system is not acceptable to the rulers and local people. It is detrimental and contrary to freedom of trade. Meanwhile, colonial expansion is contrary to the ethical principles they profess. In addition, the failure of the Jambi sultanate had the weakness of their political institutions in facing Dutch colonial penetration. The weakness of their political institutions is influenced by the poor main foundation of the empire and the values of the royal tradition.

The Lion’s Roar

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-346
Author(s):  
Sarath Amunugama
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Christian Missionary

In this chapter, the author first debunks a theory of western anthropologists that ‘Sinhala Consciousness’ is merely a modern colonial era construct. It also includes Dharmapala’s critique of the colonial policy and practices that had resulted in the miserable conditions of the peasantry that Dharmapala witnessed first-hand during many of his tours around the country, which were confirmed by official reports. However, the author also mentions some commendable work by British officials, such as the restoration of irrigation works, encouraging the resurrection of ancient literary works, and so on. Another important issue addressed in this chapter is Dharmapala’s ire over the proselytizing work of Christian missionary. The chapter also mentions the growing tension between Dharmapala and the emerging new leadership in Sri Lanka. Lastly, reference is made to Dharmapala’s prolonged house arrest in Calcutta as a consequence of the1915 riots in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals WOMEN'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE PATRIARCHATE AND COLONIAL HEGEMONY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S RUMAH KACA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Iko Agustina Boangmanalu ◽  
Bernard Richard Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>In most literary works set in the colonial era, women were described as weak, helpless, unable to resist, unlike the character Siti Soendari whom Pramoedya in the novel Rumah Kaca presented. Soendari became a female intellectual figure who fought against the existing power. This article describes the struggle in breaking down the patriarchal system and criticizing colonial power. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with feminism and a post-colonial approach. The result shows that Siti Soendari was a female figure who fought intellectually. She was an educated woman who delivered her opinion through writing and speech. The way she fought was manifested by writing in newspapers, building organizations, and giving speeches at a youth meeting.  Boycotted by the colonial power, Siti Soendari did not run out of ideas. She circulated her writings instead of publishing them in newspaper. Her struggle was unique because her goal was not just to create gender equality. She struggled to foster a nationalist nature among young people. In other words, she fought not only for women but also for her nation and country. This study recommends that the novel Rumah Hijau can be used as primary reading material in high schools and colleges.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Dalam kebanyakan karya sastra berlatar zaman penjajahan, perempuan digambarkan lemah, tak berdaya, tidak mampu melawan. Berbeda dengan tokoh Siti Soendari yang dihadirkan Pramoedya dalam novel Rumah Kaca. Siti Soendari menjadi sosok perempuan intelektual yang melakukan perlawanan terhadap kekuasaan yang ada. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan perjuangan tersebut dalam mendobrak sistem patriarkat dan mengkritisi kekuasaan kolonial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan feminisme dan postkolonial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Siti Soendari adalah tokoh perempuan yang melakukan perjuangan dengan cara intelektual. Ia perempuan terdidik yang mampu menyuarakan pendapatnya lewat tulisan maupun lisan. Wujud perjuangan tokoh ini, antara lain; menulis di surat kabar, membangun organisasi, dan berpidato di pertemuan-pertemuan pemuda. Saat perjuangannya diboikot oleh kekuasaan kolonial, Siti Soendari tidak kehabisan akal. Tulisan-tulisannya tidak lagi dipublikasi melalui surat kabar, melainkan diedarkan dari orang ke orang. Perjuangan Siti Soendari menjadi unik karena tujuannya bukan sekadar menciptakan kesetaraan gender. Perjuangannya bertujuan menumbuhkan sifat nasionalis di kalangan pemuda. Dengan kata lain, ia tidak sekadar berjuang untuk kaum perempuan tetapi juga untuk bangsa dan negaranya. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan novel Rumah Kaca digunakan sebagai bahan bacaan utama di sekolah menengah maupun perguruan tinggi.</p>

Pernyaian Dalam Masyarakat Tionghoa: Refleksi Dalam Sastra Peranakan Tionghoa

ATAVISME ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Dwi Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chinese Intellectual ◽  
Chinese Author

Tulisan ini bertujuan melihat dinamika pemikiran atau pandangan pengarang peranakan Tionghoa tentang pernyaian. Pernyaian telah menjadi kebiasaan atau budaya pada masa kolo­nial di Indonesia. Baik golongan Eropa maupun Tionghoa menerima praktik budaya ini. Para intelektual peranakan Tionghoa memiliki perbedaan pandangan dan pemikiran terhadap praktik ini. Mereka menulis banyak buku seperti karya sastra dalam menghadapi realitas ini. Menurut pandangan Dilthey, karya sastra adalah pemikiran yang diobjektifkan. Pandangan pragmatisme mengatakan bahwa karya sastra adalah hasil tindakan berpikir para pengarangnya. Pernyaian dalam masyarakat Tionghoa mengalami perubahan makna dari praktik yang “dilegalkan” menja­ di praktik yang “tidak bermoral” karena terjadi perubahan dalam memandang hubungan dalam keluarga dan nilai­nilai sosial yang baru. Abstract: This paper aims to see the dynamics of mind or worldview of Indonesian Chinese author on concubinage. The concubinage had become a habit or culture in the Indonesia colonial era. Both European and Indonesian Chinese people considered accepting this practices. Many Indonesian Chinese intellectual had different impression or opinion about this immoral practices. They wrote many books, e.g. literary works, about this corrupt attitude. Their ideas had given evidence about their intellectual history which based on mind. According to Dilthey, literary works can be considered as the objective mind. Based on pragmatic tradition, literary works result from the author’s action of thinking. Concubinage exercised by Indonesian Chinese had developed into a new worldview. It is influenced by the new paradigm which considers the family relationship and creating new social value. Key Words: literary works, objective mind, concubinage.

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