scholarly journals WOMEN'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE PATRIARCHATE AND COLONIAL HEGEMONY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S RUMAH KACA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Iko Agustina Boangmanalu ◽  
Bernard Richard Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>In most literary works set in the colonial era, women were described as weak, helpless, unable to resist, unlike the character Siti Soendari whom Pramoedya in the novel Rumah Kaca presented. Soendari became a female intellectual figure who fought against the existing power. This article describes the struggle in breaking down the patriarchal system and criticizing colonial power. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with feminism and a post-colonial approach. The result shows that Siti Soendari was a female figure who fought intellectually. She was an educated woman who delivered her opinion through writing and speech. The way she fought was manifested by writing in newspapers, building organizations, and giving speeches at a youth meeting.  Boycotted by the colonial power, Siti Soendari did not run out of ideas. She circulated her writings instead of publishing them in newspaper. Her struggle was unique because her goal was not just to create gender equality. She struggled to foster a nationalist nature among young people. In other words, she fought not only for women but also for her nation and country. This study recommends that the novel Rumah Hijau can be used as primary reading material in high schools and colleges.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Dalam kebanyakan karya sastra berlatar zaman penjajahan, perempuan digambarkan lemah, tak berdaya, tidak mampu melawan. Berbeda dengan tokoh Siti Soendari yang dihadirkan Pramoedya dalam novel Rumah Kaca. Siti Soendari menjadi sosok perempuan intelektual yang melakukan perlawanan terhadap kekuasaan yang ada. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan perjuangan tersebut dalam mendobrak sistem patriarkat dan mengkritisi kekuasaan kolonial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan feminisme dan postkolonial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Siti Soendari adalah tokoh perempuan yang melakukan perjuangan dengan cara intelektual. Ia perempuan terdidik yang mampu menyuarakan pendapatnya lewat tulisan maupun lisan. Wujud perjuangan tokoh ini, antara lain; menulis di surat kabar, membangun organisasi, dan berpidato di pertemuan-pertemuan pemuda. Saat perjuangannya diboikot oleh kekuasaan kolonial, Siti Soendari tidak kehabisan akal. Tulisan-tulisannya tidak lagi dipublikasi melalui surat kabar, melainkan diedarkan dari orang ke orang. Perjuangan Siti Soendari menjadi unik karena tujuannya bukan sekadar menciptakan kesetaraan gender. Perjuangannya bertujuan menumbuhkan sifat nasionalis di kalangan pemuda. Dengan kata lain, ia tidak sekadar berjuang untuk kaum perempuan tetapi juga untuk bangsa dan negaranya. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan novel Rumah Kaca digunakan sebagai bahan bacaan utama di sekolah menengah maupun perguruan tinggi.</p>

scholarly journals Traditional Institutions and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Bolaji Omitola ◽  
Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde ◽  
Adetola Omitola
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Institutions

Traditional institutions held pre-eminence positions in the pre-colonial societies in Nigeria. The level of order witnessed during this period was a testimony to the invaluable roles played by the traditional rulers in administering their different empires, kingdoms and communities. However, during the colonial era, the position of traditional rulers was compromised as they became mere stooges of the colonial power. The post-colonial period saw the traditional rulers’ roles diminished as they were given advisory roles in previous constitutions and with no single role in the 1999 Constitution. Thus, for the continuous relevance of the traditional institutions, there is a need for re-examination of their roles in the country. This chapter argues for community based developmental roles for the traditional rulers in the country. These include promotion of tourism development, encouraging modern agricultural development, maintenance of peaceful co-existence among the people of their domain and settlers from other parts of the country, providing platform for alternative dispute resolution, monitoring the activities of the various vigilante groups and other unconventional security apparatus in their communities and lastly partnering the security operatives through intelligence gathering within their domains for effective operations of security outfits in serving the people better.

scholarly journals “Madwoman in the Post-Colonial Era” A Study of the Female Voice in Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Nushrat Azam
Keyword(s):  
Jean Rhys ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Wide Sargasso Sea ◽  
Voice And Silence

This paper seeks to analyze the mediums and effects of voice and silence in the life of a female character of the re-written post-colonial text Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea. The analysis shows how a re-written text can give a new meaning to a character and story of a novel, where the character of Antoinette tells the untold story of Bertha in Jane Eyre. The method of investigation for this research is analytical and descriptive; the research was completed by analyzing the events, actions and the interactions of the female character, Antoinette with the other major characters in the novel in order to identify how the character of Antoinette was portrayed throughout the novel. It is understood through the study of the text, that the post-colonial novel gave the female voice much more importance than its previous counterpart. This represents the early post-colonial times during which women were starting to gain liberation but had still not completely moved on from the notions of patriarchal societies that they had grown up in.

Cannibalism and cultural manipulation: How Morier is received in the Persian literary canon

Human Affairs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Moslem Fatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
Persian Translation

Abstract Post-colonialism and orientalism have inspired literary scholars to study various aspects of literature and literary translation in the post-colonial era. One of the implications of post-colonialism for literature as a discipline is the idea of cannibalism and cultural manipulation. This corpus-based study aims to analyze the notions of “cultural manipulation” or “cannibalism” in the Persian translation of Haji Baba by Mirza Habib Isfahani, to explore the translator’s strategy, as an intercultural mediator, in modulating the source novel’s colonial stance and adapting it to the religious, literary and cultural tastes of the Iranians. Our findings reveal that two main techniques—of omission and euphemism—have been applied in rendering the novel into Persian. Using these techniques, the translator has attempted to challenge the imperial stance of the main writer and come up with a version of the source novel which is much less insulting to Iranians’ cultural values. That is why this translation has been widely received as a literary masterpiece in Persian literature. One implication is that it might be claimed that cannibalism and cultural manipulation can be used to explain the trend of manipulating western literature in countries which have never been colonized, but that have suffered from the colonial stance of colonial writers.

scholarly journals Masterji’s Resistance in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower: An Embodiment of the Struggle of the Marginalized Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Badiuzzaman Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The Rich

Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower, published in 2011, is a trenchant critique on the effects of globalization, urbanization, privatization and capitalism in the post-colonial era in India. All these changes in the contemporary society have effectively bifurcated the entire country into two groups—the rich and the poor, the centre and the margin, the privileged upper class and the underprivileged lower class. In the novel Dharmen Shah, a real estate mogul represents the first group of people who are socio-politically and economically highly influential, whereas Yogesh A. Murthy, aka Masterji, is the embodiment of the marginalized class that are constantly dominated and exploited by the former group. My present paper aims to analyse in detail how far Masterji is able to resist the scabrous sufferings unleashed by the rich realtor Dharmen Shah, and how far Masterji’s resistance becomes an incarnation of the resilience of marginalized people in the contemporary society.

scholarly journals Resistance and Identity in The God of Small Things Written by Arundhati Roy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Saman A. Dizayi
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Arundhati Roy ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
New Community ◽  
Small Things ◽  
Identity Suppression

This paper presents an analysis of the novel "The God of the Small Things" written by Arundhati Roy. The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the idea of resistance and identity that have been described in the novel by the novelist. It will be demonstrated in this novel that how the resistance against the traditions and norms of post-colonial era is related to the self-realisation. There are different kinds of resistance that have been depicted in the novel at various circumstances. In Postcolonial context identity is a complex concept to be located in just a simple definition or to be investigated throughout a single theoretical approach.  Resistance as a concept linked to the identity question. The Novel handles this notion and throughout its plot, besides the burden that is left from the colonial legacy, gender identity comes to the surface. Though women resistance appears as a reaction with identity suppression; yet it is a reflection of self-identification of gender inequality under patriarchal traditions inherited from long dominant masculine power. This paper elaborates on each type of resistance and activism that arises against the feudal and patriarchal forces structured by the economic and politically influential people in the new community as a sample in India after postcolonialism. Consequently, one of the points that the research ends with is that the act of resistance validates the pursuit for self-identity, which is an attempt to renown, reclaim and rename the world.

scholarly journals STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING PRONOUN, NUMBER, AND VOICE IN A WALK TO REMEMBER: KAN KUKENANG SELALU (A case study on grammatical equivalence)

Vidya Karya ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninuk Krismanti ◽  
Agustina Lestary
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
English Version ◽  
Singular Noun ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract: A Walk to Remember is one of the best-selling novels written by Nicholas Spark. The novel has been translated into Indonesian language by Kathleen S.W. This paper is intended to investigate one of the equivalences of the translation: grammatical equivalence. The study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze translation in the novel. The investigation is aimed to identify strategies used to translate three grammatical features: (1) pronoun, (2) number, and (3) voice. The writers take 100 data for each feature as samples of the study. To compare voicing systems in each version of the novel, all sentences in chapter 1 are taken as samples. Based on the findings, the writers conclude that there are five strategies used in translating pronoun: (1) omitting pronoun, (2) translating pronoun as it is, (3) changing pronoun into its reference, (4) making pronoun shift, and (5) adding pronoun. Furthermore, there are two strategies used to translate singular noun with articles: (1) translating articles with lexical addition, (2) translating articles by omission, and (3) changing singular nouns in the English version of the novel into plural nouns in its Indonesian version. In terms of voice, the translator tends to keep the original voice form of the English version of the novel in its Indonesian translation. Keywords: equivalence, pronoun, number, voice Abstrak: A Walk to Remember adalah salah satu novel laris karangan Nicholas Spark. Novel ini diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Kathleen S.W. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa salah satu kesetaraan penerjemahan, yakni kesetaraan tata bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis penerjemahan dalam novel tersebut. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk menemukan strategi yang digunakan oleh Kathleen dalam menerjemahkan tiga fitur tata bahasa: (1) kata ganti, (2) nomina, dan (3) aktif/pasif. Penulis mengambil 100 data per fitur bahasa yang diteliti sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, peneliti menemukan bahwa terdapat lima strategi yang digunakan oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan kata ganti: (1) menghilangkan kata ganti, (2) menerjemahkan kata ganti sesuai dengan aslinya, (3) mengubah kata ganti ke dalam kata benda yang digantikan, (4) mengubah kata ganti, dan (5) menambah kata ganti. Lebih lanjut, untuk menerjemahkan kata benda tunggal yang memiliki kata sandang, penerjemah menerapkan tiga strategi: (1) menerjemahkan kata sandang dengan penambahan leksikon, (2) menghilangkan kata sandang, dan (3) mengubah kata benda tunggal dalam novel versi Bahasa Inggris menjadi kata benda jamak pada versi terjemahannya. Terkait sistem aktif/pasif, penerjemah cenderung mempertahankan kalimat asli dari bahasa sumber dalam menerjemahkan novel A Walk to Remember ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia.

scholarly journals THE STRUGGLE OF WOMEN EXISTENCE IN “ISN’T IT ROMANTIC” NOVEL BY WENDY WESSERSTEIN

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Devi Cintia Kasimbara
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Romantic Novel ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Romantic Drama

This study aimed to reveal the struggle of women to gain existence in the novel as a representation of social phenomena. The data source of this research was Isn't It Romantic drama by Wendy Wesserstein. This drama is about women who want to achieve their dreams without the participation of their parents. They want to live without any interference from their parents. To reveal the struggle for existence, the researcher uses the existentialism approach by Simone Beauvoir. Existentialists fight for the nature of human existence, especially for women who have been subordinated to the patriarchal system. The method used in this research is Descriptive qualitative method. The close reading data collection method is effective in tracing data relevant to research variables. The analysis method is carried out critically by using an existentialism approach. The researcher got three main analyses toward the novel, they are: independence over women, authority in making decisions, and lastly, the same existence as a human being.

scholarly journals NILAI-NILAI KEHIDUPAN DALAM NOVEL DILAN, DIA ADALAH DILANKU TAHUN 1990 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA

MABASAN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Farida Fitriani ◽  
Ani Endriani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Core ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Stages Of Learning ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

 The purpose of this study is to describe values of the life in the novel of “Dilan, Dia Adalah Dilanku Tahun 1990” and its implementation in Indonesian language learning at MAN 1 Lombok. The type of research used is qualitative method. The data are collected in the study throughreading method by tapping and note-taking techniques. Data analysis technique uses semiotic reading model, namely heuristic and hermeneutic readings. The validity of the data in this study is tsted by using triangulation techniques by applying the intrarater and interrater principles.The values of life in the novel of “Dilan, dia adalah Dilanku Tahun 1990” is social, democracy and love valueamong teenagers in that time. The values of life that can be modeled  are the positive values, while the negative ones can be used as learning to avoid or not fall into things that are harmful to ourselves or others. The implementation of the values of life in the novel of“Dilan, dia adalah Dilanku Tahun 1990 at MAN 1 Lombok Tengah” has three stages of learning planning, namely the initial stage, the core, and the end.

scholarly journals The Aesthetics of Healing in the Sacredness of the African American Female’s Bible: Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain

2016 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Vicent Cucarella-Ramon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Protest Literature ◽  
Creative Agency ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Sacred Story

Zora Neale Hurston’s Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939) stands in the tradition of African American use of the biblical musings that aims to relativize and yet uphold a new version of the sacred story under the gaze of a black woman that manipulates and admonishes the characters of the gospel to offer a feminist side of the Bible. The novel discloses Hurston’s mastering of the aesthetics that black folklore infused to the African American cultural experience and her accommodation to bring to the fore the needed voice of black women. Rejecting the role of religion as a reductive mode of social protest, the novel extends its jeremiadic ethos and evolves into a black feminist manifesto in which a world without women equates disruption and instability. Hurston showcases the importance of an inclusive and ethic sacred femininity to reclaim a new type of womanhood both socially and aesthetically. Three decades before the post-colonial era, Hurston’s bold representation of the sacred femininity recasts the jeremiad tradition to pin down notions of humanitarianism, social justice and the recognition of politics of art. All in all, in an era of a manly social protest literature Hurston opts for portraying the folkloric aesthetics of spirituality as creative agency simply to acknowledge the leadership of the sacred femininity that black women could remodel into art.

scholarly journals FENOMENA CAMPUR KODE DALAM NOVEL METROPOP ANTOLOGI RASA KARYA IKA NATASSA (Mixed-codes Phenomenon in the Metropop Novel of Antologi Rasa by Ika Natassa)

Kandai ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Tania Intan ◽  
Vincentia Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Mixed Codes ◽  
Mixed Code ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap fenomena campur kode di dalam novel Antologi Rasa karya Ika Natassa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Kerangka konsep penelitian ini dilandasi oleh referensi teoretis yang mengaitkan sosiolinguistik, bilingualisme-plurilingualisme, dan alih kode-campur kode. Dari data yang dikumpulkan, terdapat wujud campur kode berupa (1) penyisipan kata yang kemudian dibagi atas kelas kata, yaitu nomina, adjektiva, konjungsi, dan interjeksi, (2) penyisipan frasa berupa frasa nominal, frasa preposisional, dan frasa adjektival, (3) penyisipan baster, (4) penyisipan klausa, dan (5) penyisipan idiom. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa para tokoh dan narator di dalam novel Antologi Rasa, yaitu: Keara, Harris, dan Ruly, ditampilkan sebagai sosok-sosok muda metropolitan bilingual yang secara aktif dan konsisten menggunakan kombinasi bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris untuk berkomunikasi. Para tokoh, terutama Keara dan Harris, tampak sangat leluasa mempraktikkan campur kode, baik saat berbicara dengan tokoh-tokoh lain, maupun ketika bertutur di dalam hati. Penggunaan campur kode dapat dianggap menunjang kategorisasi dan labelisasi novel Antologi Rasa sebagai sebuah karya metropolitan-populer (metropop).This research was conducted to uncover the phenomenon of code mixing in the Ika Natassa’s novel of Antologi Rasa by using descriptive qualitative method and sociolinguistic approach. The frame of research concept  is based on theoretical references that relate sociolinguistics, bilingualism-plurilingualism, with code-mixed-code switching. From the data collected, there are mixed codes in the form of (1) word insertion which is then divided into word classes, namely nouns, adjectives, conjunctions, and interjections, (2) insertion of phrases in nominal phrases, prepositional phrases, and adjunctival phrases, (3) baster insertion, (4) clause insertion, and (5) idiom insertion. The research also shows that the characters and narrators in the novel of Antologi Rasa, namely: Keara, Harris, and Ruly, are shown as bilingual metropolitan young figures who actively and consistently use a combination of Indonesian and English to communicate. The characters, especially Keara and Harris, seem very free to practice code mixing, both when talking to other characters and speaking inwardly. The use of mixed code can be considered to support the categorization and labeling of the Antologi Rasa novel as a popular metropolitan work.

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