scholarly journals Characteristics of Coal and Cleat Attributes in Ulak Lebar and Surroundings Area, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Mutia Armilia Rahmawati ◽  
Siska Linda Sari ◽  
Alan Triyoga ◽  
Idar Wati
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Significant Difference

The research conducted in Ulak Lebar Area, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra. The focus of this study is on the Muara Enim Formation as it is known as the main coal-bearing formation in South Sumatra Basin. The research is aimed to determine the characteristics of coal based on its physical properties, also knowing the cleat development at the coal seam in the research area. The methods used such as literature study, field observation and laboratory test. Field observations included the observations of coal megascopic appearance and cleat attributes analysis such as the measurements of cleat orientation, aperture, spacing and length. The analysis result of cleat at LP 2A and LP 2B shows a relatively similar such as spacing value ranged between 6 - 9 cm and 5.5 – 8.6 cm while the aperture value ranged from 0.05 - 0.2 cm, and 0.05 - 0.25 cm, whereas at LP 67 the spacing value ranged from 1.5 to 3.3 cm and the aperture valued between 0.1 - 0.3 cm. A rather significant difference between the cleat spacing values of LP 67 towards both previous observation stations is indicated by the geological processes occurred during the coalification process thus affected the development of cleats in coal, the geology structure control is characterized by a relatively large aperture and smaller spacing values. The laboratory test conducted is maceral analysis, shows the coal in the research area is dominantly composed of vitrinite (74,8%) and the vitrinite reflectance value is 0,40 indicating the coal classified as sub-bituminous rank.

scholarly journals Macerals Analysis Seam M2 Muaraenim Formation, : Implication Toward Coal Facies and Coal Rank in Kendi Hill, South Sumatra

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonathan Mangatur Rajagukguk ◽  
Stevanus Nalendra Jati
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Coal Facies ◽  
Index Value

The Muaraenim Formation is a coal bearing formation in South Sumatra Basin of the Late Miocene – Pliocene. Shell (1978) divides this formation based on coal seam content are: M1, M2, M3, and M4. Coal seam in this area include in seam M2 member, with the general characteristics of the presence of silicified coal on the roof and floor of coal seams as a marker. The administration of the research area is located in east Kendi Hill, South Sumatra. The Kendi Hill is composed of adesite igneous rocks that intruded Muaraenim Formation in unconformity at the time of Pleistocene. This study aims to determine the environment of coal depositional based on maceral analysis and determine the factors influence the physical characteristics of coal seams in Kendi Hill. Data that has been obtained from the field, then conducted a selection process. The number of samples analyzed were  nine sample based on near and far to the Kendi Hill spread from the southern, central, and northern of the location. The  result of the analysis will display the maceral diagram. Megascopically, coal seam in the Kendi Hill are black, dull with bright, uneven – subchoncoidal, blackish brown in streak, have a pyrite and resin. The thickness of the coal seams ranges from 0,45 to 14 meters. Based on the maceral analysis, the coal seam in the Muaraenim Formation is composed dominated by vitrinite, then liptinite, inertinite and mineral matter pyrite (1,6-6,6%). Vitrinite reflectance of coal in the research area ranges from (0,37-0,48%) that included to the Sub bituminous – High Volatile Bituminous C. From the results of Tissue Preservation Index and Gelification Index value indicated that the environment of coal depositional in the research area was a limnic to wet forest swamp. Whereas the deposition of the Muaraenim Formation in deltaic environment (Transitional lower delta  plain).

scholarly journals Rural Development Through Non-State Actors in Highlands of Pakistan

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110071
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Saleem Ashraf ◽  
Babar Shahbaz ◽  
Tahir Munir Butt ◽  
Raheel Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Household Heads

We explored the contribution and effectiveness of state and non-state institutions in rural development efforts in highlands (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [KPK] province) of Pakistan. This study employed mixed-methods research design and data were collected from 300 household heads, randomly selected from six villages from two purposively selected districts Mansehra and Nowshehra. Findings showed people in KPK were deprived of due to conflicts, conspiracies and terrorism, poor governance, small landholdings and subsistence farming followed by sluggish marketing system, insufficient education and training for people, and inadequate employment opportunities. Regarding contribution, non-state institutions had more contribution as compared to state institutions. T-test analysis showed that the non-state institutions had an effective provision of agricultural extension and forestry advisory services, education, health services in remote areas, skill development, and provision of microcredit schemes. The results of F-test statistics showed highly significant difference among the perceived effectiveness of rural development activities of different types of non-state actors (localite, cosmopolite, and religious/faith-based) working in the research area. This study recommends state-owned rural development departments revisit their working mechanism and develop synergistic working relationship with the non-state institutions in discharging rural development efforts.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGIRIS DAUN BAWANG DENGAN KAPASITAS 300 GRAM PER MENIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Hygiene Factors ◽  
Concept Planning ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Home Industries

<p class="TTPAbstract">The need for sliced scallions is relatively large, so a tool that can assist in the slicing process is more effective both in terms of energy and time spent. Based on these problems, the idea was born to design a scallion slicing machine to help the community in slicing scallions, especially food sellers who need scallions such as egg martabak sellers, and food sellers.</p><p class="TTPAbstract">The method used is literature study (library), field observations, and problem-solving methods in the form of design which includes pre-planning in the form of machine sketches, machine concept planning, calculations, making working drawings, procurement of materials and components, toolmaking, assembly, and testing.</p><p class="TTPSectionHeading">The output of this final project is the manufacture of a scallion slicing machine that is simple and effective by not forgetting the safety and hygiene factors so that it can support the slicing process at the scale of traders and home industries. This tool has a capacity of 300 grams per minute using a DC 775 motor and is sourced from four 18650 li-ion batteries.</p>

scholarly journals The Factors of Deterioration of Natural Pastures From The View Point of Agricultural Employees in Al-Muthanna Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Emad Fahad Nafeh Al-Bahli ◽  
Mahmoud Hadis Jassim Al-Jumaili
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Work Location ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The research aimed to determine the impact studied factors represented by (people’s activities, government activities, natural factors) on the deterioration of natural pastures in the Governorate of Al-Muthanna the point of view of agricultural employees in the governorate. The research included all agricultural employees with a preparatory scientific qualification in agriculture and above in the governorate their number is (94) employees. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the data necessary to achieve the objectives of the research. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the factors related to the employees, which are (term of service, academic achievement, participation in extension activities, job position and work location). The second part included a measure to identify the agricultural employees’ the point of view of on the factors affecting the deterioration of natural pastures. It consists of (46) section spread over (3) field covered by the research. The results showed that government activities have the most impact on the deterioration of natural pastures, it was found a statistically significant difference in the respondents’ point of view about the influence of the studied factors according to their personal characteristics. The researchers concluded the necessity of agricultural expansion in pasture lands and industrial investments, as well as the importance of personal factors in assigning employees who can work in the development of natural pastures, and the researchers recommend activating government laws for the protection of natural pastures to prevent abuses (people’s activities, government activities) that contributed greatly to the deterioration of vegetation cover in the research area and taking into account the factors studied in the selection of workers in the development of natural pastures in the research area.

scholarly journals TINGGALAN TRADISI MEGALITIK Dl KAMPUNG KOKAS, KOMBIF, SUN WABAN KABUPATEN MAYBRAT (Megalithic Tradition in Village of Kokas, Kombi Sun-Waban, Maybrat Regency)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klementin Fairyo
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Processing Data

The remains of the megalithic tradition in Papua since prehistoric times. Megalithic relics are not only found in coastal areas, but also found in the interior. This paper aims to describe and analyze the relic, the function and role of the remains of the megalithic tradition for the community supporters. The method used is a literature study, observation, and interviews. The results of field observations are megalithic structures and totor. Processing data includes identification and archaeological data description and ethnoarchaeology. AbstrakTinggalan tradisi megaiitik di Papua sejak masa prasejarah. Peninggalan megailitik tidak hanya ditemukan di daerah pesisir saja, tatapi juga ditemukan di pedalaman. Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji bentuk peninggalan, fungsi dan peran tinggalan tradisi megailitik tersebut bagi masyarakat pendukungnya. Metode peneiitian yang digunakan adalah stud I kepustakaan, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara. Hasil observasi lapangan adalah struktur bangunan megaiitik dan totor. Pengolahan data meliputi pengindentifikasian dan pendeskripsian data arkeologi dan etnoarkeoiogi. 

Validity and Reliability of a New Karate-Specific Aerobic Field Test for Karatekas

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Jeremy Coquart ◽  
Helmi Chaabène ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose:This study determined the validity and reliability of a new specific field test that was based on the scientific data from the latest research.Methods:Seventeen international-level karatekas participated in the study: 14 men (age 24.1 ± 4.6 y, body mass 65.7 ± 10.8 kg) and 3 women (age 19 ± 3.6 y, body mass 54.1 ± 0.9 kg). All performed the new karate-specific test (KST) 2 times (test and retest sessions were carried out on separated occasions 1 wk apart). Thirteen men also performed a laboratory test to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:Test–retest results showed the KST to be reliable. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, and time to exhaustion (TE) did not display a difference between the test and the retest. The SEM and ICC for relative and absolute VO2peakand TE were <5% and >.90, respectively. Significant correlations were found between VO2peak(mL · kg−1· min−1) and TE measured from the KST (r= .71, 95%CI 0.35–0.88,P< .0001). There was also no significant difference between VO2peakmeasured from the KST and VO2maxrecorded from the cycle-ergometer laboratory test (55.1 ± 4.8 vs 53.2 ± 6.6 mL · kg−1· min−1, respectively;t= –1.85, df = 12,P= .08,dz= 0.51 [small]). The Bland and Altman analyses reported a mean difference (bias) ± the 95% limits of agreement of 1.9 ± 7.35 mL · kg−1· min−1.Conclusions:This study showed that the new KST test, with effort patterns replicating real karate combat sessions, can be considered a valid and reliable karate-specific field test for assessing karatekas’ endurance fitness.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Advancing Speed and Stoping Time on the Energy Release of Overburden in an Upward Mining Coal Working Face with a Hard Roof

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Cui ◽  
Yanbin Yang ◽  
Xingping Lai ◽  
Chong Jia ◽  
Pengfei Shan
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Rock Burst ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Microseismic Events ◽  
Microseismic Event ◽  
The Impact

In order to study the influence of advancing speed and stoping time of a coal face on the scale and frequency of rock burst, the energy release characteristics of an overburden fracture under six advancing speeds and four stoping times are studied by theoretical analysis and similar simulation experiments. The distribution characteristics of microseismic events before and after stoppage are compared, and the load/unload response ratio is introduced to analyze the relationship between the synergistic effect of advancing speed and stoping time and the characteristics of microseismic events in coal and rock mass. The mechanism of rock burst induced by the advancing speed and stoping time effect in the working face is studied, and the coordinated regulation and mitigation of advancing speed and stoping time are analyzed and completed. The results show that the effect of advancement speed and stoping time is very important to the energy release of overburden. The energy released by microseismic events during stoping is exponentially related to the advancing speed. The change of advancing speed causes the change of microseismic event characteristics, reflecting the evolution process of overburden structure and its energy. During stoping, the secondary microseismic events disturbed by mining occur frequently, leading to the significant difference of energy released by microseismic events during stoping. After stoping, the microseismic energy is more than four times higher than that during the stop period, and the risk of coal seam impact is high during the stope period. The synergetic change of advancement speed and stoping time changes the cycle of energy accumulation and release. The response ratio of loading and unloading considering the effect of advancement speed and stoping time is established by using the corresponding ratio of loading and unloading, and the impact risk of the coal seam is quantitatively analyzed. Based on the monitoring and analysis of microseismic events, the safety mining index of coordinated control with the energy of a single microseismic event of 180 J is established, and the best advancing speed of the working face is determined to be 4 m/d. According to the corresponding ratio of loading and unloading, the reasonable stoping time of different advancing speeds and the corresponding advancing speed of different stoping times after the resumption of mining are determined, so as to provide a reference for the safe and efficient mining of similar rock burst mines.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the performance of Indonesian special food SMEs in entrepreneurial orientation in East Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hutahayan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to examine comprehensively the factors determining the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Design/methodology/approach This study is quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected from entrepreneurs in East Java, those producing Indonesian special food. Secondary data was obtained from the literature, literature study, journals, Central Bureau of Statistics and the office of industry, trade, cooperatives and SMEs in East Java. Areas selected for this study were Surabaya, Madiun, Malang, Pasuruan, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The population was small and medium entrepreneurs producing Indonesian special food in the selected cities. Based on the PLS sampling rule, the number of samples in each research area was 50, with total of 300 respondents (50 × 6). The methods of collecting primary data were interviews and questionnaire. Data analysis was done using GSCA. Findings The study firstly found the significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business strategies of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. SME managers have a high entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it found a significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Thirdly, the study found that government policy is not a moderating variable. Additionally, business strategies have a significant influence on the performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Finally, dynamics of the environment and business strategy have a significant influence on the performance of manufacturing industry in South Sulawesi. Originality/value To know the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, environmental dynamism, consisting of uncertainty of environment and intensity of competition, and business strategies toward business performance. Considering the findings of the previous studies, the authors would like to re-examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, which also compares the findings of previous studies, especially, the one by Lee and Tsang (2003) on SMEs in Singapore.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Adaptif Penangkapan Ikan Nelayan Tidung di Juata Laut, Tarakan untuk Menghindari Overfishing: Kajian Ekologi Linguistik

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Cahyono Aji
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Fish Exploitation ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to describe the adaptive knowledge of Tidung fishermen about the fishing methods. Then, language data is collected through literature study, field observations with in-depth interviews with informants related to all fishing activities of Tidung fishermen. Therefore, data analysis begins with the grouping of data, analysis of domains, grouping categories of types of fishing equipment Tidung fishermen. After that, the data are described in terms of sentences, phrases, words, and are equipped with tables.The results showed that the fishing methods of Tidung fishermen were adaptive following the categorization and ecology of the fish planned to follow natural conditions so that fish exploitation was not excessive.Keywords: fishing, Tidung fishermen, linguistic ecology

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