Validity and Reliability of a New Karate-Specific Aerobic Field Test for Karatekas

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Jeremy Coquart ◽  
Helmi Chaabène ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose:This study determined the validity and reliability of a new specific field test that was based on the scientific data from the latest research.Methods:Seventeen international-level karatekas participated in the study: 14 men (age 24.1 ± 4.6 y, body mass 65.7 ± 10.8 kg) and 3 women (age 19 ± 3.6 y, body mass 54.1 ± 0.9 kg). All performed the new karate-specific test (KST) 2 times (test and retest sessions were carried out on separated occasions 1 wk apart). Thirteen men also performed a laboratory test to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:Test–retest results showed the KST to be reliable. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, and time to exhaustion (TE) did not display a difference between the test and the retest. The SEM and ICC for relative and absolute VO2peakand TE were <5% and >.90, respectively. Significant correlations were found between VO2peak(mL · kg−1· min−1) and TE measured from the KST (r= .71, 95%CI 0.35–0.88,P< .0001). There was also no significant difference between VO2peakmeasured from the KST and VO2maxrecorded from the cycle-ergometer laboratory test (55.1 ± 4.8 vs 53.2 ± 6.6 mL · kg−1· min−1, respectively;t= –1.85, df = 12,P= .08,dz= 0.51 [small]). The Bland and Altman analyses reported a mean difference (bias) ± the 95% limits of agreement of 1.9 ± 7.35 mL · kg−1· min−1.Conclusions:This study showed that the new KST test, with effort patterns replicating real karate combat sessions, can be considered a valid and reliable karate-specific field test for assessing karatekas’ endurance fitness.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Andersson ◽  
Irina Hämberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

scholarly journals Analysis of VO2MAX Differences between Laboratory Test and Field Test in Rowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Angga Muhammad Syahid
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Anthropometric Profile ◽  
Female Weight

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of VO2max measurement using laboratory test and field test. This research is a descriptive quantitative research with a comparative approach. The samples of this study were 30 male and female athletes of the Indonesian rowing team (male = 17, female = 13) aged 23.5 ± 3.5 years. The anthropometric profile of the athletes included height = 182.2 ± 5.01 cm for male and 171.9 ± 5.73 cm for female, weight = 74.2 ± 5.85 kg for male and 68.6 ± 8.5 kg for female. According to the results of analysis of VO2max rowing test data gained from both methods, there were low and moderate correlations in the laboratory test and field test in rowing (male r = 0.425 and female r = 0.62). The results show that VO2max measured in the laboratory test and field test did not show a significant difference. Therefore, these two parameter tests can be used in Vo2Max testing.

Acute effects of chocolate milk and a commercial recovery beverage on postexercise recovery indices and endurance cycling performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Pritchett ◽  
Philip Bishop ◽  
Robert Pritchett ◽  
Matt Green ◽  
Charlie Katica
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

To maximize training quality, athletes have sought nutritional supplements that optimize recovery. This study compared chocolate milk (CHOC) with a carbohydrate replacement beverage (CRB) as a recovery aid after intense exercise, regarding performance and muscle damage markers in trained cyclists. Ten regional-level cyclists and triathletes (maximal oxygen uptake 55.2 ± 7.2 mL·kg–1·min–1) completed a high-intensity intermittent exercise protocol, then 15–18 h later performed a performance trial at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake to exhaustion. Participants consumed 1.0 g carbohydrate·kg–1·h–1 of a randomly assigned isocaloric beverage (CHOC or CRB) after the first high-intensity intermittent exercise session. The same protocol was repeated 1 week later with the other beverage. A 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p = 0.91) between trials for time to exhaustion at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake (CHOC 13 ± 10.2 min, CRB 13.5 ± 8.9 min). The change in creatine kinase (CK) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the CRB trial than in the CHOC trial (increase CHOC 27.9 ± 134.8 U·L–1, CRB 211.9 ± 192.5 U·L–1), with differences not significant for CK levels before the second exercise session (CHOC 394.8 ± 166.1 U·L–1, CRB 489.1 ± 264.4 U·L–1) between the 2 trials. These findings indicate no difference between CHOC and this commercial beverage as potential recovery aids for cyclists between intense workouts.

Influence of crank rate on the slow component of pulmonary O2 uptake during heavy arm-crank exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Smith ◽  
Eilidh McCrindle ◽  
Mike Doherty ◽  
Michael J Price ◽  
Andrew M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
External Work ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The principal aim of this study was to examine the influence of variations in crank rate on the slow component of the pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) response to heavy-intensity arm-crank ergometry (ACE). We hypothesized that, for the same external work rate, a higher crank rate would elicit a greater amplitude of the [Formula: see text]O2 "slow component". Eleven healthy males (mean (± SD) age, 25 (±6) y; body mass, 89.1 (±10.7) kg; ACE [Formula: see text]O2 peak, 3.36 (±0.47) L·min-1) volunteered to participate. The subjects initially completed an incremental exercise test for the determination of [Formula: see text]O2 peak and peak power on an electrically braked arm ergometer. Subsequently, they completed "step" transitions from an unloaded baseline to a work rate requiring 70% of peak power: 2 at a crank rate of 50 r·min-1 (LO) and 2 at a crank rate of 90 r·min-1 (HI). Pulmonary gas exchange was measured on a breath-by-breath basis and [Formula: see text]O2 kinetics were evaluated from the mean response to each condition using non-linear regression techniques. In contradiction to our hypothesis, the [Formula: see text]O2 slow component was significantly greater at 50 r·min-1 than at 90 r·min-1 (LO: 0.60 ± 0.30 vs. HI: 0.47 ± 0.21 L·min-1; p < 0.05). The mean value for the localized rating of perceived exertion was also higher at 50 r·min-1 than at 90 r·min-1 (LO: 16.7 ± 1.4 vs. HI: 15.2 ± 1.3; p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in end-exercise blood lactate concentration. It is possible that differences in muscle tension development and blood flow resulted in a greater contribution of "low-efficiency" type II muscle fibres to force production at the lower crank rate in ACE, and that this was linked to the greater [Formula: see text]O2 slow component. However, other factors such as greater isometric contraction of the muscles of the trunk and legs at the lower crank rate might also be implicated.Key words: O2 kinetics, [Formula: see text]O2 slow component, fibre recruitment, oxygen uptake.

scholarly journals Are Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Effective to Control Indoor Cycling Intensity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4824
Author(s):  
Rui Canário-Lemos ◽  
José Vilaça-Alves ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Rafael Peixoto ◽  
Nuno Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Special Instrumentation ◽  
The Way

Indoor cycling’s popularity is related to the combination of music and exercise leading to higher levels of exercise intensity. It was our objective to determine the efficacy of heart rate and rating of perceived exertion in controlling the intensity of indoor cycling classes and to quantify their association with oxygen uptake. Twelve experienced males performed three indoor cycling sessions of 45 min that differed in the way the intensity was controlled: (i) oxygen uptake; (ii) heart rate; and (iii) rating of perceived exertion using the OMNI-Cycling. The oxygen uptake levels were significantly higher (p = 0.007; μp2 = 0.254) in oxygen uptake than heart rate sessions. Oxygen uptake related to body mass was significantly higher (p < 0.005) in the oxygen uptake sessions compared with other sessions. Strong correlations were observed between oxygen uptake mean in the oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion sessions (r =0.986, p < 0.0001) and between oxygen uptake mean in the oxygen uptake and heart rate sessions (r = 0.977, p < 0.0001). Both heart rate and rating of perceived exertion are effective in controlling the intensity of indoor cycling classes in experienced subjects. However, the use of rating of perceived exertion is easier to use and does not require special instrumentation.

scholarly journals Caffeine but not acetaminophen increases 4-km cycling time-trial performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Tomazini ◽  
Ana Carla S. Mariano ◽  
Victor A. Andrade-Souza ◽  
Viviane C. Sebben ◽  
Carlos A. B. de Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Time

AbstractAcetaminophen has been combined with caffeine for therapeutic purpose, but the effect of co-ingestion of acetaminophen and caffeine on exercise performance has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and acetaminophen on performance during a 4-km cycling time-trial. In a double-blind, crossover design, eleven men, accustomed to cycling recreationally, completed a 4-km cycling time-trial one hour after the ingestion of cellulose (PLA), acetaminophen (20 mg·kg−1body mass, ACT), caffeine (5 mg·kg−1body mass, CAF) or combined acetaminophen and caffeine (20 and 5 mg·kg−1body mass, respectively, ACTCAF). The perception of pain and rating of perceived exertion were recorded every 1-km, and electromyography and oxygen uptake were continually recorded and averaged each 1-km. Plasma lactate concentration was measured before and immediately after the trial. The time and mean power during the 4-km cycling time-trial was significantly improved (P< 0.05) in CAF (407.9 ± 24.5 s, 241.4 ± 16.1 W) compared to PLA (416.1 ± 34.1 s, 234.1 ± 19.2 W) and ACT (416.2 ± 26.6 s, 235.8 ± 19.7 W). However, there was no difference between ACTCAF (411.6 ± 27.7 s, 238.7 ± 18.7 W) and the other conditions (P> 0.05). The perception of pain, rating of perceived exertion, electromyography, oxygen uptake, and plasma lactate were similar across the conditions (P> 0.05). In conclusion, caffeine but not acetaminophen increases power output ultimately increasing performance during a 4-km cycling time-trial.

The Self-Paced VO2max Test to Assess Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Highly Trained Runners

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Hogg ◽  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Alexis R. Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Trained Runners

Purpose:The novel self-paced maximal-oxygen-uptake (VO2max) test (SPV) may be a more suitable alternative to traditional maximal tests for elite athletes due to the ability to self-regulate pace. This study aimed to examine whether the SPV can be administered on a motorized treadmill.Methods:Fourteen highly trained male distance runners performed a standard graded exercise test (GXT), an incline-based SPV (SPVincline), and a speed-based SPV (SPVspeed). The GXT included a plateau-verification stage. Both SPV protocols included 5 × 2-min stages (and a plateau-verification stage) and allowed for self-pacing based on fixed increments of rating of perceived exertion: 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20. The participants varied their speed and incline on the treadmill by moving between different marked zones in which the tester would then adjust the intensity.Results:There was no significant difference (P = .319, ES = 0.21) in the VO2max achieved in the SPVspeed (67.6 ± 3.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1, 95%CI = 65.6–69.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1) compared with that achieved in the GXT (68.6 ± 6.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1, 95%CI = 65.1–72.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1). Participants achieved a significantly higher VO2max in the SPVincline (70.6 ± 4.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1, 95%CI = 68.1–73.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1) than in either the GXT (P = .027, ES = 0.39) or SPVspeed (P = .001, ES = 0.76).Conclusions:The SPVspeed protocol produces VO2max values similar to those obtained in the GXT and may represent a more appropriate and athlete-friendly test that is more oriented toward the variable speed found in competitive sport.

O-41 Determination of maximal oxygen uptake through a new basketball-specific field test

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A23.3-A24
Author(s):  
Ersen Adsiz ◽  
Gulbin Rudrali Nalcakan ◽  
S Rana Varol ◽  
Faik Vural
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Specific Field

PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ANISOPLIAE1 TO MOSQUITO LARVAE

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul K. A. Mohamed ◽  
Fred R. S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Water samples from various mosquito breeding habitats did not have an effect on the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae isolate E9 when treated in the laboratory against 3rd instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. At the highest dosage rate (5.0 mg), the percent mortality varied from 89.1 ± 4.8 in rice field water to 94.4 ± 4.1 in sewer drainage and open ditch water. In another laboratory test, all field collected instars (89.25% Culex, 8.50% Aedes and 2.25% Psorophora) were found to be highly sensitive to isolate E9. At the 5.0 mg rate the percent mortality ranged from 91.2 ± 2.9 in the 2nd instars to 100.0 in the 3rd instars. There was no significant difference (P = 0.05) in mortality between instars except at the lowest dosage (1.25 mg) where the 4th instar mortality (28.6 ±8.5%) was significantly lower than those of other instars. The LT50 values for the 1st through the 4th instar increased with age and ranged from 1.1 to 1.8, 1.7 to 2.7, and 2.0 to 4.3 days at the 5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 mg dosages, respectively. In a preliminary field test to determine the susceptibility of field collected 3rd instar, up to 97.9 ± 1.8% mortality was recorded at the 800 mg rate.

Level of cardiovascular fitness and it’s relationship with physical activity and body mass index in young adults of Islamabad

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zainab Khatoon ◽  
Muhammad Afzaal Afridi ◽  
Taqdees-e-Maryam ◽  
Afifa Gull ◽  
Hania Farheen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective: To determine the level of cardiovascular fitness in young adults, and to find the relationship of maximum oxygen uptake with body mass index and physical activity. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at two private universities in Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to June 2019, and comprised subjects of both genders aged 18-25 years with normal cardiopulmonary system. Physical activity was measured usint the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, while maximum oxygen uptake was measured using the Bruce protocol. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Results: Of the 321 subjects, 59(18.4%) were males and 262(81.6%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.15±1.73 years. Overall, 190(57.3%) subjects had normal body mass index, 86(26.8%) had high level of physical activity, and 85(26.5%) had moderate level. With respect to to maximum oxygen uptake, 28(47.5%) of the males were in the superior category, while 72(27.5%) women were in the good category. All the vitals along with dyspnoea and fatigue showed significant difference (p?0.05) except oxygen saturation (p=0.062). Maximum oxygen uptake showed negative weak (p=0.40) correlation with body mass index, and weak, positive and significant correlation (p=0.007) with physical activity. Conclusion: Majority of the young adults were found to be active as indicated by the levels of their maximum oxygen uptake and physical activity. Significant correlation was found between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity. Continuous...

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