scholarly journals Role of targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy and imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ru Wen ◽  
Afoma C Umeano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Prolonged Life Expectancy ◽  
Target Cancer

Cancer immunotherapy involves the delivery of immunogenic compounds and/or the priming, or induction, of the body's natural immune system to target cancer. The use of cancer immunotherapy has led to various means of cancer prevention and treatment that have produced prolonged life expectancy and stabilized disease. Nanoparticles are promising vehicles or adjuvants for effective delivery of therapeutics, antigens, stimulatory effectors, or antibodies for therapeutic invention. Targeting nanoparticles are especially useful due to their capability of accumulating in specific sites of interest like tumors and, thereby, decreasing risks of damage to normal tissue. Targeting can be achieved by incorporation of cell-surface related binding molecules or antibodies. This review explores the role of targeting nanoparticles as delivery or adjuvant sys­tems to modulate immune response, and as imaging tracking systems for cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Role of targeting nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy and imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Wen ◽  
Afoma C Umeano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Prolonged Life Expectancy ◽  
Target Cancer

Cancer immunotherapy involves the delivery of immunogenic compounds and/or the priming, or induction, of the body’s natural immune system to target cancer. The use of cancer immunotherapy has led to various means of cancer prevention and treatment that have produced prolonged life expectancy and stabilized disease. Nanoparticles are promising vehicles or adjuvants for effective delivery of therapeutics, antigens, stimulatory effectors, or antibodies for therapeutic invention. Targeting nanoparticles are especially useful due to their capability of accumulating in specific sites of interest like tumors and, thereby, decreasing risks of damage to normal tissue. Targeting can be achieved by incorporation of cell-surface related binding molecules or antibodies. This review explores the role of targeting nanoparticles as delivery or adjuvant sys­tems to modulate immune response; and as imaging tracking systems for cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular and Clinical Characterization of LAG3 in Breast Cancer Through 2994 Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yihang Qi ◽  
Jie Zhai ◽  
Xiangyi Kong ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the promising impact of cancer immunotherapy targeting CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1, a large number of cancer patients fail to respond. LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3), also named CD233, is a protein Coding gene served as alternative inhibitory receptors to be targeted in the clinic. The impact of LAG3 on immune cell populations and co-regulation of immune response in breast cancer remained largely unknown. Methods To characterize the role of LAG3 in breast cancer, we investigated transcriptome data and associated clinical information derived from a total of 2994 breast cancer patients. Results We observed that LAG3 was closely correlated with major molecular and clinical characteristics, and was more likely to be enriched in higher malignant subtype, suggesting LAG3 was a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, we estimated the landscape of relationship between LAG3 and ten types of cell populations in breast cancer. Gene ontology analysis revealed LAG3 were strongly correlated with immune response and inflammatory activities. We investigated the correlation pattern between LAG3 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, especially the synergistic role of LAG3 with other immune checkpoints members in breast cancer. Conclusions LAG3 expression was closely related to malignancy of breast cancer and might serve as a potential biomarker; LAG3 might plays an important role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment, not only T cells, but also other immune cells. More importantly, LAG3 might synergize with CTLA4, PD1/ PDL1 and other immune checkpoints, thereby lending more evidences to combination cancer immunotherapy by targeting LAG3, PD1/PDL1, and CTLA4 together.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Thakur ◽  
Saloni Thakur ◽  
Sharmistha Chatterjee ◽  
Joydeep Das ◽  
Parames C. Sil
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of many forms of cancer by stimulating body's own immune system. This therapy not only eradicates tumor cells by inducing strong anti-tumor immune response but also prevent their recurrence. The clinical cancer immunotherapy faces some insurmountable challenges including high immune-mediated toxicity, lack of effective and targeted delivery of cancer antigens to immune cells and off-target side effects. However, nanotechnology offers some solutions to overcome those limitations, and thus can potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review focuses on the advancement of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of immunostimulating agents for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Here we have outlined the use of the immunostimulatory nanoparticles as a smart carrier for effective delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants, type of interactions between nanoparticles and the antigen/adjuvant as well as the factors controlling the interaction between nanoparticles and the receptors on antigen presenting cells. Besides, the role of nanoparticles in targeting/activating immune cells and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has also been discussed extensively. Finally, we have summarized some theranostic applications of the immunomodulatory nanomaterials in treating cancers based on the earlier published reports.

REINFECTION AFTER SARS-COV2 INFECTION: A LOOMING CONCERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2) ◽  
pp. S114-S118
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar ◽  
◽  
Nimisha Shiwalkar ◽  
Juber Dastagir Shaikh ◽  
Roopvir Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Case Presentations ◽  
Positive Results

Many unanswered questions remain about COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. One such looming concern is the possibility of reinfection of recovered cases. We conducted a literature review on various aspects of this possibility, including the case presentations of relapsed/re-infected patients, the immune response of production of neutralizing antibodies, immunity in response to coronavirus during SARS-CoV2 and MERS, possibility of false-positive results of real-time polymerase chain reaction. We concluded that further studies are required to establish whether relapse or reinfection is possible firmly. However, these possibilities point towards the needs of change in the protocol of isolation, quarantine, and discharge. It also undermines the role of the upcoming vaccine in disease prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Importance of IL-10 Modulation by Probiotic Microorganisms in Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc ◽  
Silvina del Carmen ◽  
Meritxell Zurita-Turk ◽  
Clarissa Santos Rocha ◽  
Maarten van de Guchte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are naturally present in many foods and possess a wide range of therapeutic properties. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current expanding knowledge of one of the mechanisms by which LAB and other probiotic microorganisms participate in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disease through their immune-modulating properties. A special emphasis will be placed on the critical role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and a brief overview of the uses of genetically engineered LAB that produce this important immune response mediator will also be discussed. Thus, this paper will demonstrate the critical role that IL-10 plays in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and how probiotics could be used in their treatment.

scholarly journals Cancer Immunotherapy: Priming the Host Immune Response with Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Hernández-Luna ◽  
Rosendo Luria-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Induce Tumor Regression ◽  
Potential Use

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone great advances because of our understanding of the immune response and the mechanisms through which tumor cells evade it. A century after the first immunotherapy attempt based on bacterial products described by William Coley, the use of live attenuated bacterial vectors has become a promising alternative in the fight against cancer. This review describes the role of live attenuated Salmonella enterica as an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic agent, due to its high affinity for tumor tissue and its ability to activate innate and adaptive antitumor immune response. Furthermore, its potential use as delivery system of tumor antigens and immunomodulatory molecules that induce tumor regression is also reviewed.

scholarly journals A Perspective Review on the Role of Nanomedicine in the Modulation of TNF-TNFR2 Axis in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh ◽  
Suhana Ahmad ◽  
Jennifer C. Boer ◽  
JitKang Lim ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Target Cancer

In the past decade, nanomedicine research has provided us with highly useful agents (nanoparticles) delivering therapeutic drugs to target cancer cells. The present review highlights nanomedicine applications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor 2 (TNFR2) expressed on breast cancer cells have important functional consequences. This cytokine/receptor interaction is also critical for promoting highly immune-suppressive phenotypes by regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review generally provides a background for nanoparticles as potential drug delivery agents for immunomodulators and further discusses in depth the potential of TNF antagonists delivery to modulate TNF-TNFR2 interactions and inhibit breast cancer progression.

scholarly journals The Role of GSK-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy: GSK-3 Inhibitors as a New Frontier in Cancer Treatment

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Giuseppa Augello ◽  
Maria R. Emma ◽  
Antonella Cusimano ◽  
Antonina Azzolina ◽  
Giuseppe Montalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Wide Range

The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified because of its key role in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. However, it is now well-established that GSK-3 performs critical functions in many cellular processes, such as apoptosis, tumor growth, cell invasion, and metastasis. Aberrant GSK-3 activity has been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, highlighting its potential therapeutic relevance as a target for anticancer therapy. Recently, newly emerging data have demonstrated the pivotal role of GSK-3 in the anticancer immune response. In the last few years, many GSK-3 inhibitors have been developed, and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. This review will discuss preclinical and initial clinical results with GSK-3β inhibitors, highlighting the potential importance of this target in cancer immunotherapy. As described in this review, GSK-3 inhibitors have been shown to have antitumor activity in a wide range of human cancer cells, and they may also contribute to promoting a more efficacious immune response against tumor target cells, thus showing a double therapeutic advantage.

scholarly journals The Role of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽  
Paulina Markowiak-Kopeć ◽  
Weronika Śliżewska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Support

The gut microbiome can play important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. An imbalance in the gut microbiome can lead to pro-inflammatory immune responses and the initiation of disease processes, including cancer. The research results prove some strains of probiotics by modulating intestinal microbiota and immune response can be used for cancer prevention or/and as adjuvant treatment during anticancer chemotherapy. This review presents the latest advances in research into the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment support of cancer. The described issues concern to the anticancer activity of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites. In addition, we described the potential mechanisms of probiotic chemoprevention and the advisability of using probiotics.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

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