scholarly journals Indigenous Employment Policy and Foreign-Owned Corporation Employee’s Well-Being in Liberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3146-3160
Author(s):  
Taofik Olatunji Bankole ◽  
Daniel Denny Gray ◽  
Abiodun Oluwaseun Oyebode ◽  
Gbelimu Elizabeth Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Foreign Corporations

Every country institutes policy to take a course of action in favour of its citizens’ welfare. The view of indigenization policy in alignment with employment and workers treatment in Liberia takes different dimension. Liberia problem of unemployment cannot be compared to its underemployment and bad working conditions. The Liberian Indigenous policy has not reaped its fruit with marginalization, exploitation dispossession and poverty in commonplace. This study addresses the ineffectiveness of the indigenous employment policy and the state of workers’ well-being in foreign corporations in Liberia. This study adopts cross sectional method, and employs primary data. Information from 400 employees working with foreign-owned corporation was extracted from survey conducted in 2018 by the authors on the state of welfare of foreign-owned corporations’ employees in Liberia. The key explanatory variables are healthcare, social insurance, safety measures, stable job assignment, stable work hour, promotion on the job, and job security. The binary logistic regression was applied using version 22 of SPSS to examine association between the response and explanatory variables. The outcomes of this study showed that indigenous environmental policy was significant with worker’s well-being (p<0.05). The study concluded that indigenous employment policy has significant influence on the foreign-owned corporation workers’ well-being in Liberia.

scholarly journals Hidden Demographics Barriers of the Economic Growth: A Psychometric Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-51
Author(s):  
Ntogwa N. Bundala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This paper examined the hidden demographic barriers of economic growth. The study used a cross-sectional survey researches design. The primary data were collected by using a psychometric scale from 211 individuals who were randomly sampled from the Mwanza and Kagera regions in Tanzania. The data were linearly analysed by the weighted least squares (WLS) and Analysis weighted- automatic linear modelling (AW-ALM), and non-linearly analysed by Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and neural network analysis (NNA). The study found that the main hidden demographic barrier to economic growth is the negative subjective well-being of an individual’s current age and education level. Moreover, the GMM revealed that there is no significant data or regional clusters or classes in the study population. Furthermore, NNA evidenced the most effective predictor of economic growth is age, followed by education. The study concluded that the most hidden demographic factors that hinder economic growth are negative perceptions of an individual on his/her current age and level of education, not the age maturity, and education level. Operationally or practically, the paper implicates several socio-economical policies, mostly the national aging policy (NAP), the National Education and Training policy (NETP), the National Employment Policy (NEP), and regulations /laws on national social security funds schemes at national, regional and global levels. Therefore, the paper recommended that government and other education stakeholders increase the policy commitment on the mathematics, science, and technology subjects to be compulsory for primary and secondary schools, and the extension of the retirement age from 60 years (voluntary) to 65 years (compulsory)

scholarly journals Epidemiological and sociodemographic characterization of women and men with cancer in a State in the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-576
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Paraguassu Chaves ◽  
Allan Kardec Duailibe Barros Filho ◽  
Carlos de Andrade Macieira ◽  
Fabrício Moraes de Almeida ◽  
Lenita Rodrigues Moreira Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Reference Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: Objective: Analyzes the epidemiological and sociodemographic characterization of women and men with cancer in the State of Rondônia, Western Amazon (Brazil), diagnosed over a period of 2 (two) years. Materials and Methods: It is a documentary, cross-sectional and descriptive study, with the systematization of primary data, according to the methodological model recommended by Paraguassú-Chaves et al [25]. We used an instrument developde by Paraguassu-Chaves et al [26], semi-structured, divided into two blocks: (a) Block I – sociodemographic profile and (b) Block II – epidemiological profile. The Ethics Committee on Human Research at the reference hospital was asked to waive the Informed Consent Form. The research project is in accordance with Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council of Brazil. Results: Of the 3.333 new cases of cancer, 53.4% ​​were female and 46.5% male. The 10 (ten) most common types of cancer among men and women in Rondônia over a 2-year period were non-melanoma skin (C44), breast (C50), prostate (C61), cervix (C53), stomach (C16), thyroid gland (C73), bronchi and lungs (C33-C34), colon (C18), reticuloendothelial hematopoietic system (C42) and rectal cancer (C20). An age range of 50 to 69 years was predominant in both sexes and patients with low educational level. The highest frequency was for married patients. There was a predominance of brown skin, patients born in the State of Rondônia (22.6%) and agricultural workers. The Unified Health System - SUS was responsible for the entry for treatment of 99.5% of patients. Most patients underwent “other isolated therapeutic procedures” and with the disease in advanced stages. Conclusions: The estimate of new cancer cases in Rondônia follows an increasing trend. The scenarios selected from the variables of the sociodemographic and epidemiological indicators of the research require the public health authorities of Rondônia, urgent redirection of actions and strategies for the prevention, control, assistance and treatment of cancer in women and men in Rondônia.

scholarly journals A register-based study comparing planned rehabilitation following acute stroke in 2011 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin C. Nylén ◽  
Hanna C. Persson ◽  
Tamar Abzhandadze ◽  
Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
Stroke Units ◽  
Explanatory Variables

AbstractThis cross-sectional, register-based study aimed to explore patterns of planned rehabilitation at discharge from stroke units in Sweden in 2011 and 2017 and identify explanatory variables for planned rehabilitation. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify variables that could explain planned rehabilitation. There were 19,158 patients in 2011 and 16,508 patients in 2017 with stroke, included in the study. In 2011, 57% of patients were planned for some form of rehabilitation at discharge from stroke unit, which increased to 72% in 2017 (p < 0.001). Patients with impaired consciousness at admission had increased odds for planned rehabilitation (hemorrhage 2011 OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13–1.81, 2017 OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20–2.32), (IS 2011 OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.34, 2017 OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.28–1.75). Admission to a community hospital (hemorrhage 2011 OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.74, 2017 OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27–0.56) (IS 2011 OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.58–0.69, 2017 OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.49–0.61) or to a specialized non-university hospital (hemorrhage 2017 OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94), (IS 2011 OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98, 2017 OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.84) was associated with decreased odds of receiving planned rehabilitation compared to admission to a university hospital. As a conclusion severe stroke was associated with increased odds for planned rehabilitation and patients discharged from non-university hospitals had consistently decreased odds for planned rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Correlates of Perceived Psychosocial Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-Based Online Study in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyi Wang ◽  
Shangfeng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Health Situation

Abstract The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing sociopolitical measures to control and curb its spread have been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways and in unprecedented ways. The present study aims to assess the sociodemographic correlates of psychosocial health situation of Chinese community-dwelling residents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey that was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11-98 years were included in the analysis. Outcome variables were the change in the experience of hopelessness, loneliness and depression before and during the pandemic, and the explanatory variables included demographic and social capital related variables.Results: Respectively 34.80%, 32.50% and 44.84% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.67% vs 49.33%), loneliness (52.44% vs 47.56%), and depression (56.22% vs 43.78%). Being married was associated lower odds of loneliness among men [Odds ratio= 0.63, 95% CI=0.45,0.90]. Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking [Odds ratio= 0.67, 95% CI=0.45,0.99] and positively with drinking [Odds ratio= 1.45, 95% CI=1.04,2.02]. Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (<10K), men [Odds ratio= 0.34, 95% CI=0.21,0.55] and women [Odds ratio= 0.36, 95% CI=0.23,0.56] in the highest (>40K) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness [Odds ratio= 0.35, 95% CI=0.25,0.48]. Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men [Odds ratio=0.63, 95% CI=0.43,0.91]. Conclusion: More about one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with the time before. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions, and urbanicity.

scholarly journals Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan-Yi Wang ◽  
Shang-Feng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Western China ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways. The present study aims to investigate the perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates among Chinese community-dwelling residents. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11–98 years from eight provinces in eastern, central and western China were included in the analysis. We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Multiple regression method, binary logistic regression model and variance inflation factor (VIF) were used to conduct data analysis. Results Respectively 34.8%, 32.5% and 44.8% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.7% vs 49.3%), loneliness (52.4% vs 47.6%), and depression (56.2% vs 43.8%). Being married was associated with lower odds of loneliness among men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90). Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99) and positively associated with drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.02). Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (< CNY 10 000), men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.55) and women (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56) in the highest level of annually housed income (> CNY 40 000) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25–0.48). Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91). Conclusions More than one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with before the outbreak. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants' marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions. These findings may be of significance to treat patients and help them recover from the pandemic.

scholarly journals Status, causes and consequences of physicians’ self-perceived professional reputation damage in China: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Jinghui Wang ◽  
Shu’e Zhang ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Reputation ◽  
Chinese Physicians

Abstract Background Conflict between physicians and patients is an increasingly serious problem, leading to the disrepute attached to Chinese physicians’ social image and position. This study assesses the status of physicians’ self-perceived professional reputation damage and explains it’s the adverse outcomes including withdrawal behavior and workplace well-being. Moreover, potential causes of Chinese physicians’ disrepute have been outlined. Methods Primary data were collected through a cross-sectional online survey of physicians from 10 provinces in China, who were invited to complete an anonymous survey from December 2018 to January 2019. A total of 842 physicians (effective response rate: 92.22%) were recruited as participants. Results About 83% of the participants self-perceived professional reputation damage from the sense of the public opinion concept. Approach half of participants exhibited the idea of turnover intention (47.3%) and one or more symptoms of burnout (46.4%). About 74.9% of the participants experienced a degree of stress. Additionally, three out of five participants reported low-level subjective well-being. More than 70% of the participants disapproved of their offspring becoming a physician. Four factors leading to physicians’ damaged professional reputations are those addressed: conflict transfer, cognitive bias, improper management, and individual deviance. Stigmatised physicians are more likely to practice high-frequent defensive medicine (β = 0.172, P <0.001), intend to leave the profession (β = 0.240, P <0.001), disapprove of their children becoming physicians (β = 0.332, P<0.001) and yield worse levels of workplace well-being, including high levels of perceived stress (β = 0.214, P <0.001), increasing burnout (β = 0.209, P <0.001), and declining sense of well-being (β = − 0.311, P<0.001). Conclusion Chinese physicians were aware of damaged professional reputations from the sense of the public opinion concept, which contributes to increasing withdrawal behaviors and decreasing workplace well-being—a worsening trend threatening the entire health system. This novel evidence argues a proposal that Chinese health policy-makers and hospital administrators should promote the destigmatization of physicians immediately.

Socio-cultural Factors influencing livestock investment decisions among Smallholder Farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi Districts, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214-1230
Author(s):  
Nyanjige Mbembela Mayala ◽  
Mangasini Atanasi Katundu ◽  
Elibariki Emmanuel Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Government

Several different actors are involved in making sure smallholder farmers are motivated to commit funds in expectation of future returns (investment decisions) from useful domesticated animals (livestock). However, efforts by the government, international organizations and the private sector have not been able to significantly increase trade trends in Tanzania’s livestock which explains that there could be a lot more reasons for that. This manuscript assesses the socio-cultural factors (SCFs) influencing livestock investment decisions among smallholder farmers in Mbulu and Bariadi districts in Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was employed where a sample of 333 respondents and 9 key informants were interviewed. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a key informant checklist. A binary logistic regression model (BLRM) was used to analyse the relationship between SCFs and livestock investment decisions. Results show that store of wealth is the most influencing factor followed by prestige, bride prices, ethnicity and number of children (significant at p < 0.05) to household livestock investment decisions. The study generally concludes that smallholder farmers consider their cultural perspectives before they decide on livestock management styles and that blending the SCFs and other factors could secure more livestock investments.

scholarly journals Monitoring health and well-being of children and adolescents in Germany since 2003

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Goesswald ◽  
M Lange ◽  
R Hoffmann ◽  
R Houben
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Longitudinal Component ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
German Health ◽  
Health Interview

Abstract Background KiGGS - the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents is part of the German health monitoring framework providing data analyses and recommendations for politics based on own primary data collection and secondary data from other sources. In 1998, the Robert Koch Institute was commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Health to develop approaches and instruments for a health survey for children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years. Methods KiGGS is conducted at regular intervals and acts as a central source of information that collects wide-ranging, reliable data on child and adolescent health. KiGGS comprises a cross-sectional and a longitudinal component. Until now, three nationally representative surveys have been performed: KiGGS baseline (2003-2006), Wave 1 (2009-2012) and Wave 2 (2014-2017). The baseline sample comprises 17,641 children and adolescents. The KiGGS cohort is the longitudinal component of the study. To date, two follow-ups have been accomplished. Results The repeated cross-sectional surveys have provided a profound data basis in order to calculate prevalences and conduct context analyses for each period and identifying changes over time in physical and mental health status, health behaviour, utilisation of health care services and prevention as well as social, family and environmental factors. Additionally, the longitudinal data enable to analyse developments in health and their influencing factors during the life course. Reports and recommendations based on KiGGS data have been useful to support the implementation of national health programs for children and adolescents, e.g. for the prevention of childhood obesity. Conclusions Regular health interview and examination surveys are necessary to provide reliable data to derive recommendations for health politics. Furthermore, they offer a robust method to evaluate actions taken to prevent illness and promote positive health behaviour on the population level.

scholarly journals Adult support during childhood: a retrospective study of trusted adult relationships, sources of personal adult support and their association with childhood resilience resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Ashton ◽  
Alisha R. Davies ◽  
Karen Hughes ◽  
Kat Ford ◽  
Andrew Cotter-Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Adult Support

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect health and well-being across the life course. Resilience is an individual characteristic that is known to help negate the effect of adversities and potentially transform toxic stress into tolerable stress. Having access to a trusted adult during childhood is critical to helping children build resiliency. Here, we aim to understand the relationship between always having access to trusted adult support and childhood resilience resources, and examine which sources of personal adult support and the number of sources of adult support, best foster childhood resilience. Methods A Welsh national cross-sectional retrospective survey (n = 2497), using a stratified random probability sample. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at participants’ places of residence by trained interviewers. Analyses use chi-square and binary logistic regression methods. Outcome measures were childhood resilience resources, access to an always-available trusted adult, and sources of personal adult support. Results Prevalence of access to an always-available trusted adult decreased with increasing number of ACEs from 86.6% of individuals with no ACEs, to 44.4% of those with four or more ACEs (≥ 4). In addition, for those experiencing ≥ 4 ACEs, individuals with no access to a trusted adult were substantially less likely than those with access, to report childhood resilience resources. For example, for individuals with ≥ 4 ACEs, those with access to an always-available trusted adult were 5.6 times more likely to have had supportive friends and 5.7 times more likely to have been given opportunities to develop skills to succeed in life, compared to those with no access to a trusted adult. When looking at sources of personal adult support, resilience levels increased dramatically for those individuals who had either one parent only or two parents as sources of support, in comparison to those without parental support. Conclusions Analyses here suggest strong relationships between elements of childhood resilience, constant access to trusted adults and different sources of personal adult support. While the eradication of ACEs remains unlikely, actions to strengthen childhood access to trusted adults may partially ease immediate harms and protect future generations.

scholarly journals A multidimensional study of public satisfaction with the healthcare system: a mixed-method inquiry in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmore Adusei Amoah ◽  
Kingsley Atta Nyamekye ◽  
Ebenezer Owusu-Addo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa have recently sought to improve their health systems by increasing investment in healthcare facilities and introducing social insurance programmes. However, little is known about the impact of these intended improvements on public perceptions about the healthcare systems. This article examines whether and why people of different socioeconomic and ideological backgrounds are satisfied (or not) with the current healthcare system in Ghana from a social ecological perspective. Method Data were elicited from a cross-sectional mixed-method study conducted in four regions in Ghana in 2018. We used ordinal logistic regression and thematic analysis techniques to analyse the data. Results Satisfaction with the healthcare system was generally low. From our quantitative study, intrapersonal factors (e.g., being older and having good health and well-being status); interpersonal factors (e.g., linking social capital); community factors (e.g., living in rural areas); and organisational and public policy factors (e.g., trust in the health system, favouring welfare policies, and being interested in politics) were positively associated with satisfaction with the healthcare system. These were corroborated by the qualitative study, which showed that poor attitudes of health personnel, financial constraints, perceived poor health facilities, and perceived inefficacy of services contribute to dissatisfaction with the healthcare system. Conclusion Strategies to improve satisfaction with the healthcare system in Ghana should incorporate ecological perspectives by considering factors such as demographic profile, health needs, political orientation, issues of trust in the healthcare system, and the dynamics and impact of social relationships of populations concerned.

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