scholarly journals Effects of Institutional Quality on FDI in Provinces of Vietnam: Empirical Evidence Based on Differenced Panel GMM

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Bon Nguyen Van
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been strongly affecting the world economy during the past years and is a critical topic for both developing and developed countries. Most countries, particularly developing ones, always attempt to adjust and modify appropriate policies and institutions to attract FDI inflows. In the context of Vietnam, does the institutional quality have any effect on attracting FDI inflows in provinces? To answer clearly and exactly this question, the impact of institutional quality on attracting FDI inflows is empirically investigated in a sample of 43 provinces of Vietnam over the period of 2005–2012 via the estimation technique of difference panel GMM. Estimated results indicate that in the total sample of all provinces the institutional quality has significantly positive effects on the FDI flows. However, in the sub-sample of provinces the impact of the institutional quality on attracting FDI inflows in Northern and Southern regions are statistically significant while that in Central region is not.

Do government expenditure reduce income inequality: evidence from developing and developed countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Zahirah Mohd Sidek
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose This paper aims to re-examine the impact of government expenditure on income inequality. Existing studies provide mixed results on whether government expenditure reduces or increases income inequality. In this paper, government expenditure is viewed as a tool for redistribution, hence, its impact on inequality is examined. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 122 countries with 91 and 31 countries categorized as developing and developed countries is used. The dynamic panel threshold regression is used to examine the impact of government expenditure on income inequality and to estimate the turning point of the negative or positive effects. Findings The major findings suggest that, in general, government expenditure does reduce income inequality. Results from developed countries support the inversed U-shaped Kuznet curve where higher government expenditure initially led to more inequality but would eventually bring about a positive effect after a certain threshold level. For developing countries, education and development expenditure were the driving forces towards lower income inequality. Practical implications Several policy implications can be derived from this paper. First, government expenditure is a useful tool to alleviate the problem of income inequality. More integration with the global economy via trading activities is also an important channel to help reduce income inequality. Finally, better institutional quality provides an effective ecosystem in promoting better redistribution of income via government expenditure. Originality/value This paper presents a maiden attempt to estimate a threshold value or when government expenditure starts to reduce or increase income inequality. The sample is segregated into developed and developing countries to further control the effect of government size and the level of development of a country.

scholarly journals IoT based Smart Passenger Surveillance System for Airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
T. P.Deepa ◽  
Dr Pradeepa.P
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Station ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Airport security system is mandatory in all developing and developed countries. The major threat to any country’s economy, health and development is targeted and transported via airports which are evident from the past historical examples. The developments in Science and Technology have improved the methods of surveillance but failed to address few key health issues including privacy. The main objective of this paper is to develop a smart IOT based surveillance systems that is implemented in airport in smart screening without causing any unpleasant disturbances to the passengers. This paper makes use of the recently developed smart sensors, Tiva processor from Texas instruments connected via IOT and cloud and a remote station to effectively secure the airport area and overcoming all the real time challenges. 

scholarly journals Drugs Implicated, Mortality and Use of Corticosteroids in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Cases: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Case Series

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Sunil Dogra ◽  
Samir Malhotra ◽  
Promila Pandhi ◽  
Sharonjeet Kaur ◽  
Sujit Rajagopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

ABSTRACT Background Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare idiosyncratic mucocutaneous reaction associated with high mortality. Drugs are most commonly implicated in TEN. The treatment constitutes stopping the offending drug, along with symptomatic management. In this study, we searched for case reports/series of TEN and analyzed data to find the most commonly implicated drugs in TEN, effects of use of corticosteroids on mortality in TEN patients, changing trends in mortality over the past 3 decades and difference in mortality rates in both developing and developed countries. Materials and methods We searched for case reports/series of TEN to evaluate most commonly implicated drugs in TEN, effects of use of corticosteroids on mortality in TEN patients, changing trends in mortality over the past three decades and difference in mortality rates in both developing and developed countries. Results Antibiotics (28.6%) followed by antiepileptics (17.4%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (9.6%) are most commonly implicated. There was nonsignificant decrease in mortality among steroids users as compared to nonusers (OR = 2.0, CI 0.96-4.24). During the period between 1980 and 1989 the reported mortality in TEN cases was approximately 33.4%, which decreased to 27% in the next two decades. There was a nonsignificant difference in mortality in develo- ping countries as compared to developed countries (OR: 0.70, CI 0.32-1.53). Conclusion Corticosteroids have been associated with non significant reduction in the mortality. Apart from this, mortality did not differ over years together in both developing and developed countries. How to cite this article Kaur S, Rajagopalan S, Shafiq N, Dogra S, Srinivasan A, Pandhi P, Malhotra S. Drugs Implicated, Mortality and Use of Corticosteroids in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Cases: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Case Series. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):132-138.

scholarly journals A Review of Finance–Growth Nexus Theories: How Does Development Finance Fits in?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyankomo Marwa ◽  
Stephen Zhanje
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Development Finance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Finance Growth Nexus

Abstract The finance growth-nexus debates have been contentious over the past three decades both empirically and theoretically. To contribute to this debate, the current paper presents a concise review of finance-growths nexus theoretical development and the current debate around growth-finance nexus theories. Then, it extends the current theoretical debate to include development finance within the broader scheme of finance-growth discourse. The key emerging trend is that, most of the contemporary theories trying to explain finance growth nexus have been exclusively focusing on the standard finance in general. Little attention has been devoted to understand the role of development finance on finance-growth nexus. It concludes that, for a more comprehensive understanding of the finance growth nexus, the role of development finance should be integrated in theory of finance-growth nexus. The paper demonstrates that conventional model of finance-growth nexus is more likely to underestimate the magnitude of the impact of finance on economic growth especially for less developed countries. The paper suggests that, a model which breakdown the finance into standard finance subgroup and development finance subgroup may provide more accurate and insightful findings.

UNEMPLOYMENT AS A SIGN OF INSTABILITY IN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Р. Х. Азиева ◽  
Х. Э. Таймасханов
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

В современном мировом пространстве политика государств сопряжена с решением такой глобальной проблемы, как безработица. За последние три десятилетия безработица стала одной из наиболее значимых проблем не только в развивающихся, но и в развитых странах, так как безработица приводит к массовой нищете и угрожает социальной и политической стабильности. В статье представлены масштабы изменений в сфере занятости в условиях неопределенности и дана оценка влияния происходящих процессов на изменения структуры занятости. А также авторами представлены рекомендации по стабилизации рынка труда для недопущения высокого уровня безработицы и падения уровня жизни населения. In the modern world space, the policy of states is associated with the solution of such a global problem as unemployment. Over the past three decades, unemployment has become one of the most significant problems, not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, as unemployment leads to mass poverty and threatens social and political stability. The article presents the scale of changes in the field of employment in conditions of uncertainty and assesses the impact of the processes on changes in the structure of employment. The authors also present recommendations for stabilizing the labor market to prevent high unemployment and falling living standards of the population.

A Comparative Study of the Effects of Culture on the Deployment of Information Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
George Ditsa ◽  
Saleh Alwahaishi ◽  
Shayma Alkobaisi ◽  
Václav Snášel
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
It Adoption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Culture is thought to be the most difficult to isolate, define, and measure in the adoption and use of IT (Information Technology) (Hassan & Ditsa, 1999). Consequently, the impact of culture on the adoption and use of IT does not feature prominently in Information Systems (IS) literature. As cultural factors are important to the success of IT adoption and use, this research paper examines culture’s impact on the adoption and use of IT in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results of the study were compared along eight cultural dimensions with a study on the adoption and use of IT in developing and developed countries. The results are also used to identify issues that concern the relationship of culture and IT and their implications for IT adoption and use in the UAE. The study results are further used to suggest ways of bridging the digital divide between the UAE and developed countries.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Esther Kamalarani A. ◽  
Ramyajothi . ◽  
Ramalakshmi S.
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obesity continues to be a global health concern. Although the increasing obesity rates in developed countries has slowed down in the past 10 years, obesity rates in developing countries continue to increase, as much as three times in some developing countries over the past 30 years. The aim of the study was to determine the adverse effects of obesity in pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: In all patients, a detailed history was taken and examinations and investigations were carried out.  Based on BMI (body mass index), patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 = patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 and Group 2 = patients with BMI <30 kg /m2.Results: In our study, comparing pregnant mothers with BMI >30 kg/m2 and normal BMI, authors found that the prevalence of maternal and fetal complications was higher in the obese group. Prevalence of antenatal complications like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, imminent eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus requiring control with insulin was higher in obese women.Conclusions: Obesity is associated with increased adverse effects on pregnancy and its outcome.

scholarly journals Review of sustainable diets: are nutritional objectives and low-carbon-emission objectives compatible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Doro ◽  
Vincent Réquillart
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Food systems in developed countries face one major challenge, namely the promotion of diets that are both healthy and generate less greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). In this article, we review papers evaluating the impact of a change in diets on both health and GHGE. We address the following questions: How big are the health and environmental impacts that could be induced by a switch to healthier diets? In monetary value, what is the relative importance of the health impact and the environmental impact? Is it possible to design an economic policy to increase global welfare that also takes into account the externalities on both health and the environment? Since the way the change in diet is modeled is a key issue, we classify papers according to the methodology used for simulating diet changes: ad hoc scenarios, optimized diets, and economic modeling. We find that it is possible to design economic policies that have positive impacts on both dimension. Because the substitutions/complementarities between food products are complex, it is not granted that a policy targeting one dimension will generate positive effects on the other dimensions. However, given the diversity of substitution and the complementarity possibilities between products, it is possible to design a policy that does improve both dimensions. A carbon-based tax policy that targets the products with a high greenhouse gas content (e.g., meat products) and reinvests the revenues collected with the tax to subsidize the consumption of fruit and vegetables, is likely to have positive effects on both dimensions.

scholarly journals The changes of the agribusiness impact on the competitive environment of agricultural enterprises

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

The market extension generally affects growth performance positively by allowing an expansion of markets, by increasing outside competition as well as by more rapid diffusion of new products, processes and research output between national economies. The positive effects of considerable market on productivity are indubitable. However, two other weighty phenomena of the process are necessary to investigate, effects of regulatory policy and market power exhibits. Agriculture as a sector belongs to those, where the support policies exist for a long time. Nevertheless, the last decades have witnessed considerable changes in this sector among most of developed countries and their agricultural/regulatory policies. It has been perceived, that the agriculture for 21st&nbsp;century cannot be separated from the other components of agri-food sector. The economic importance of the processing and finalization stages (i.e. food industry and food distribution) has increased over time. There are concerned inter-relationships between the market structures development and the crucial factors of the interconnected markets developments in the framework of production verticals of agricultural commodities. Reflecting the steadily more sophisticated supply side behaviour, solution is based upon the demand oriented approach explaining changes of the position of agriculture within the agri-food chain. Conflict of interest between the regulatory/agricultural policy and the market power of input supply and output processing firms and retail notably has increased dramatically. Economic manifestation of the increasing market power on the demand side as well as the impact of market interrelationships and change of policy regulation efficiency within commodity chains are characterised there.&nbsp; The position of agriculture within the agri-food chain has changed and the influence of farmers has decreased. Success of agricultural enterprises in achieving their operational goals is still more influenced by improvements in productivity and by competitiveness of other &ldquo;links&rdquo; of the agri-food chain.

The Effect of Female Economic Empowerment Interventions on the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802097608
Author(s):  
Isabel Eggers del Campo ◽  
Janina Isabel Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Women’s economic empowerment is an essential component of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Not only is it an end in itself but it has further been promoted for its potential to create positive externalities, including the reduction of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the link between economic empowerment and the risk of IPV remains theoretically ambiguous. Marital dependency theory predicts that women with more financial resources hold higher bargaining power and are in a better position to leave potentially abusive relationships. Conversely, Resource theory posits that an increase in women’s financial resources may clash with traditional gender roles, which may prompt their partner to reassert their status through violent means. In light of this debate, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of economic empowerment interventions on IPV. Based on a total sample size of 44,772 participants and robust variance estimation, our meta-analysis shows that women’s economic empowerment was associated with a significant reduction in the pooled measure of emotional, sexual, and physical IPV. We further documented tentative evidence suggesting that these effects may be amplified when additional gender sensitization training is included in such programs. Despite the overall positive effects, some included studies reported increases in IPV, primarily in the form of partners exerting controlling behavior and dominance over financial resources. Our results therefore emphasize a need to prioritize women’s safety in the process of designing economic empowerment programs and to closely monitor the potential risk of conflict and violence within beneficiaries’ households.

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