scholarly journals GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF ORNAMENTAL JUDAS TREE (Cercis siliquastrum L.) SEEDLINGS UNDER DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN IRRIGATION WATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoure Hatamian ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Mohsen Kafi ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Karim Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Spad Value

Landscape plantations are significantly water demanding in many parts of the world, particularly in dry regions. Adequate water supply is the main limiting factor behind landscape development, maintenance and beauty in such environments. On the other hand, monitoring the growth response of ornamental and landscape plants to irrigation water containing heavy metals can be useful in management and application of municipal wastewaters to these plantations instead of application in edible vegetable crops production, which is common in many urban areas. In the present study, one year old seedlings of Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) were irrigated for two years with water containing 0, 15 or 30 mg L–1 of lead (Pb) in absence or presence of cadmium (0 or 5 mg L–1) in a factorial design, and under greenhouse conditions. Heavy metal treatments had no significant effect on leaf SPAD value; however, plants treated with Pb15Cd0 combination had significantly higher SPAD value than Pb30Cd5 combination that showed the lowest leaf SPAD value. Increasing the lead and cadmium levels of irrigation water increased the number of chlorotic and necrotic leaves of plant than control, whereas it reduced the average leaf area and new shoot growth. The control plants or plants treated with lower level of heavy metals showed the highest leaf area and new shoot growth. Leaf photosynthesis rate was significantly reduced in all heavy metal treated plants than control plants, as the lowest amount was in Pb30Cd5 combination treatment. All heavy metal treatments showed higher leaf soluble carbohydrates and proline content than in control plants. Leaf soluble carbohydrates were highest in Pb30Cd0 and Pb30Cd5 treatments, and leaf proline was highest in Pb30Cd5 and Pb15Cd5 treatments. The results indicate that Judas tree is a relatively tolerant species to high concentrations of Pb and Cd in root medium added through the irrigation water, and long term dual application of these heavy metals can have additive harmful effects on plant growth.

scholarly journals Relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e039541
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Ji ◽  
Mi Hyeon Jin ◽  
Jung-Hun Kang ◽  
Soon Il Lee ◽  
Suee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Exposure ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between heavy metal exposure and serum ferritin levels, physical measurements and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingChangwon, the location of this study, is a Korean representative industrial city. Data were obtained from medical check-ups between 2002 and 2018.ParticipantsA total of 34 814 male subjects were included. Of them, 1035 subjects with lead exposure, 200 subjects with cadmium exposure and the 33 579 remaining were assigned to cohort A, cohort B and the control cohort, respectively. Data including personal history of alcohol and smoking, age, height, weight, the follow-up duration, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin levels, and lead and cadmium levels within 1 year after exposure were collected.Primary outcome measureIn subjects without diabetes, changes in FBS and HbA1c were analysed through repeated tests at intervals of 1 year or longer after the occupational exposure to heavy metals.ResultsIn Cohort A, DM was diagnosed in 33 subjects. There was a significant difference in lead concentrations between the subjects diagnosed with DM and those without DM during the follow-up period (3.94±2.92 mg/dL vs 2.81±2.03 mg/dL, p=0.002). Simple exposure to heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was not associated with DM in Cox regression models (lead exposure (HR) 1.01, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.77, p 0.971; cadmium exposure HR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.61 to 3.55, p=0.385). Annual changes in FBS according to lead concentration at the beginning of exposure showed a positive correlation (r=0.072, p=0.032).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that simple occupational exposure to heavy metals lead and cadmium was not associated with the incidence of DM. However, lead concentrations at the beginning of the exposure might be an indicator of DM and glucose elevations.

Lightweight aggregates to reduce heavy metal pollution in green infrastructure for urban stormwater management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepcion Pla ◽  
Javier Valdes-Abellan ◽  
Miguel Angel Pardo ◽  
Maria Jose Moya-Llamas ◽  
David Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Runoff Water

<p>The impervious nature of urban areas is mostly responsible for urban flooding, runoff water pollution and the interception of groundwater recharge. Green infrastructure and sustainable urban drainage systems combine natural and artificial measures to mitigate the abovementioned problems, improving stormwater management and simultaneously increasing the environmental values of urban areas. The actual rate of urban growth in many urban areas requires the enhancement and optimization of stormwater management infrastructures to integrate the territorial development with the natural processes. Regarding the quality of runoff stormwater, heavy metals are critical for their impact on human health and ecological systems, even more if we consider the cumulative effect that they produce on biota. Thus, innovative stormwater management approaches must consider new solutions to deal with heavy metal pollution problems caused by runoff. In this study, we propose the employment of Arlita<sup>®</sup> and Filtralite<sup>®</sup>, two kind of lightweight aggregates obtained from expanded clays, to remove heavy metal concentration from runoff stormwater. Laboratory experiments were developed to evaluate the removal rate of different heavy metals existent in runoff stormwater. The lightweight aggregates acted as filter materials in column experiments to quantify their removal capacity. In addition, batch tests were also developed to evaluate the exhaustive capacity of the materials. Results from the study confirmed the efficiency of the selected lightweight aggregates to reduce the heavy metals concentration by up to 90% in urban stormwater runoff.</p>

scholarly journals Organic Versus Conventional – a Comparative Study on Quality and Nutritive Value of Selected Vegetable Crops of Southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
JR Xavier ◽  
V Mythri ◽  
R Nagaraj ◽  
VCP Ramakrishna ◽  
PE Patki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

Vegetables are defined as edible plant parts generally consumed raw or cooked with a main dish, in a mixed dish, as an appetizer or as a salad. Food safety aspects related to microbial quality (total plate count, yeast and mold and food borne pathogens) and toxic residue (heavy metals) and mineral content were investigated for vegetables such as green leafy vegetable, salad vegetables, sprouts, brinjal, green chilies and French beans collected from organic and conventional outlets from Mysore region, Karnataka, India. Microbial analysis was carried out using standard procedures and mminerals (Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd and Pb) were determined. Significant variations (p>0.05) were observed for microbial quality among organic and conventional vegetables. Mineral and vitamin C content were also significantly higher (p>0.01) in organic samples. Heavy metal contamination for lead and cadmium tested positive for conventional samples while organic samples tested negative. The variables that contributed most for the variability were heavy metal contamination, mineral and vitamin C content. Organically grown vegetables were free from heavy metals and safe for consumption, as well as they are rich in mineral and vitamin C content in comparison to conventional samples. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 99-116 (2020)

Levels and Potential Sources of Heavy Metals in Major Irrigated Rice Areas of the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehru C. Magahud ◽  
Rodrigo B. Badayos ◽  
Pearl B. Sanchez ◽  
Pompe C. Sta. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Soil Metal ◽  
Very High

Industrialization, urbanization and intensive use of farm inputs can pollute agricultural areas. The study was then conducted to assess the levels of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the country’s major rice areas. The study also determined the contributions of soil properties, land uses, irrigation water, and farm inputs to the metal levels. Strategic collections of soil, plant and water samples in the country’s major soil series planted to rice, analyses of samples using x-ray fluorescence or atomic absorption spectroscopy, and farmer interviews were done. Metal levels were very high in Zambales and Negros Occidental soils due to deposition or use of metal-enriched mine tailings and irrigation water. Soil metal concentrations in Zambales far exceeded the intervention values of 180 mg/kg for Cr and 100 mg/kg for Ni. Soil metal levels in Negros Occidental exceeded the intervention value of 190 mg/kg for Cu and Mo. Rice plants in Negros Occidental exceeded the toxic levels of 30 mg/kg for Cu and 10-50 mg/kg for Mo due to the very high soil Cu and Mo concentrations in the area. Molybdenum concentrations of rice plants in Sultan Kudarat and Camarines Sur exceeded the toxic level due to the high amounts of foliar chemicals applied at >66 sprayer loads per year. The study implies that rice areas deposited with mine wastes have high heavy metal levels, and foliar chemicals can increase metal levels in rice.   Keywords - Environmental toxicology, heavy metals, heavy metal sources, rice soils, Philippines

scholarly journals Contamination of soil and street dust with lead and cadmium near a lead smelter at Arnhem, Netherlands.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
M.G. Keizer ◽  
M. Hooghiemstra-Tielbeek ◽  
F.A.M. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Dust Fraction

An investigation was carried out into lead and cadmium pollution of soil and street dust in the vicinity of a secondary lead smelter in Arnhem, Netherlands. A significant correlation was found between the Pb content of the soil and the distance from the smelter. In the sampling area 1 km around the smelter the average Pb content was 370 mg/kg in the 0-5 cm soil layer and 256 mg/kg in the 5-20 cm soil layer. Mean Cd contents were 1.60 and 1.28 mg/kg, respectively. Correlation between the contents in both layers was low for Pb and high for Cd, owing to different solubilities of the metals. There was a weak relationship between the Pb and Cd contents of the soil, suggesting that only part of the metals originated from the same source. Mean heavy metal concentrations in street dust (fraction < 0.3 mm) were 761 mg Pb/kg and 3.81 mg Cd/kg. Correlation between both heavy metals in street dust was high, suggesting the same sources of pollution (mainly traffic). The most important sources of Pb and Cd pollution in the area were the lead smelter and traffic. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Heavy Metals in Breast Milk of Breast Feeding Mothers in Urban and Sub-Urban Subjects in Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Diorgu Faith ◽  
Kalaotaji Glory Biambo ◽  
Jonathan Nyebuchi ◽  
Chikadibia Fyneface Amadi ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Rivers State

Breast milk is one fluid that could contain heavy metals and this can be dangerous to the health of breastfeeding baby. The increase in urbanization and industrialization often comes with the increased level of heavy metals in the environment especially in developing countries where environmental protection is poorly managed. The study aimed to compare the heavy metal composition in breast milk in postpartum women in urban and sub-urban areas in Rivers State. The study was conducted among 59 postpartum subjects between 0 and 10days of child delivery in each group. Sampling was done through a simple randomized system. Human breast milk was collected using a manual breast pump. Heavy metals; Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Mercury (Hg) were assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer with their corresponding cathode lambs. Results revealed that the mean differences of the heavy metals assayed between both groups were not significant (p>0.05). This work has shown that heavy metal composition in the breast milk of postpartum women may not vary based on urban and sub-urban settlements.

scholarly journals Spatial variability in heavy metal concentration in urban pavement joints – a case study

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Collin J. Weber ◽  
Alexander Santowski ◽  
Peter Chifflard
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Run Off

Abstract. Heavy metals are known to be among one of the major environmental pollutants, especially in urban areas, and, as generally known, can pose environmental risks and direct risks to humans. This study deals with the spatial distribution of heavy metals in different pavement joints in the inner city area of Marburg (Hesse, Germany). Pavement joints, defined as the joint between paving stones and filled with different materials, have so far hardly been considered as anthropogenic materials and potential pollution sources in urban areas. Nevertheless, they have an important role as possible sites of infiltration for surface run-off accumulation areas and are therefore a key feature of urban water regimes. In order to investigate the spatial variability in heavy metals in pavement joints, a geospatial sampling approach was carried out on six inner city sampling sites, followed by heavy metal analyses via inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and additional pH and organic matter analyses. A first risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from pavement joints was performed. Pavement joints examined consist mainly of basaltic gravel, sands, organic material and anthropogenic artefacts (e.g. glass and plastics), with an average joint size of 0.89 cm and a vertical depth of 2–10 cm. In general, the pavement joint material shows high organic matter loads (average 11.0 % by mass) and neutral to alkaline pH values. Besides high Al and Fe content, the heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb are mainly responsible for the contamination of pavement joints. The identified spatial pattern of maximum heavy metal loads in pavement joints could not be attributed solely to traffic emissions, as commonly reported for urban areas. Higher concentrations were detected at run-off accumulation areas (e.g. drainage gutters) and at the lowest sampling points with high drainage accumulation tendencies. Additional Spearman correlation analyses show a clear positive correlation between the run-off accumulation value and calculated exposure factor (ExF; Spearman correlation coefficients (rSP) – 0.80; p<0.00). Further correlation analyses revealed different accumulation and mobility tendencies of heavy metals in pavement joints. Based on sorption processes with humic substances and an overall alkaline pH milieu, especially Cu, Cd and Pb showed a low potential mobility and strong adsorption tendency, which could lead to an accumulation and fixation of heavy metals in pavement joints. The presence of heavy metals in pavement joints poses a direct risk for urban environments and may also affect environments out of urban areas if drainage transports accumulated heavy metals. Finally, we encourage further research to give more attention to this special field of urban anthropogenic materials and potential risks for urban environments. Overall urban geochemical background values, and the consideration of run-off-related transport processes on pavements, are needed to develop effective management strategies of urban pavement soil pollution.

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Air, Sedimen Dan Organ Mangrove Di Perairan Tulehu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
NUR ALIM NATSIR ◽  
YUSRIANTI HANIKE ◽  
MUHAMMAD RIJAL ◽  
SUHAEDIR BACHTIAR
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
And Control

Differences in the accumulation of heavy metals lead and cadmium in water, sediments and mangrove organs (roots, stems and leaves) found in the waters of Tulehu, Maluku Province. Samples were taken from three observation stations, namely stopping ships that are not operating (station 1), Tulehu harbor (station 2) and Control (station 3). Pb and Cd were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Pb and Cd content in sediments is higher than in water. The highest Pb and Cd content is found in the stems then in the roots and leaves (stems> roots> leaves). Mangroves are one of the aquatic organisms that have the ability to absorb heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Key words: Mangrove, Pb, Cd, Heavy Metal

scholarly journals The Land Snail, Eobania vermiculata, as a Bioindicator of the Heavy Metal Pollution in the Urban Areas of Sulaimani, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13719
Author(s):  
Aso H. Saeed H. Salih ◽  
Abdullah A. Hama ◽  
Karzan A. M. Hawrami ◽  
Allah Ditta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Eobania Vermiculata

Land snails are crucial consumers in the terrestrial environment and beneficial significant bioindicators to evaluate the chemical impact in the ecosystem, especially on urban lands. The present study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals such as As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in urban soil and study whether Eobania vermiculata acts as a bioindicator for heavy metal contamination in an urban area. Thirty soil and snail samples in triplicate from each sampling site were taken from the urban areas of Suliamani. After a microwave-assisted digestion procedure, every sample was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of chromium (Cr) in each snail sample was significantly high. The maximum Cr concentration (15.87 mg kg−1) was recorded in the snail sample collected from Ali Kamal Park, which was adjacent to a very crowded traffic road. The As concentration in snail samples ranged from 0.08 to 1.004 mg kg−1, and it was below the permissible limits. However, the concentrations of heavy metals in urban soil locations were below their background measurements, except for nickel (Ni) which was above the permissible limits. The safest site in the study area was Chaviland 1, while the most contaminated site was the Ha-wary Shar Park. The snails bioaccumulated metals in their tissues in the following order, Cr > Zn > Ni, and this bioaccumulation occurred more on the main road locations, which represented potentially contaminated places due to anthropogenic activities. Moreover, there was no correlation among the heavy metals within the soil samples when compared to the similar metals in the snail samples, due to the low concentration of heavy metals in soil, excluding Ni, from where the snail samples were collected. Consequently, the land snail, E. vermiculata, is an appropriate sentinel organism for some metals, mainly for Cr, and the bioindicator monitoring with this snail should be extended to mixtures of heavy metals, since such relationships frequently occur in soil.

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