Evaluation of Meditation and Relaxation on Physiological Response during the Performance of Fine Motor and Gross Motor Tasks

Posttraining consolidation, also known as offline learning, refers to neuroplastic processes and systemic reorganization by which newly acquired skills are converted from an initially transient state into a more permanent state. An extensive amount of research on cognitive and fine motor tasks has shown that sleep is able to enhance these processes, resulting in more stable declarative and procedural memory traces. On the other hand, limited evidence exists concerning the relationship between sleep and learning of gross motor skills. We are particularly interested in this relationship with the learning of gross motor skills in adulthood, such as in the case of sports, performing arts, devised experimental tasks, and rehabilitation practice. Thus, the present review focuses on sleep and gross motor learning (GML) in adults. The literature on the impact of sleep on GML, the consequences of sleep deprivation, and the influence of GML on sleep architecture were evaluated for this review. While sleep has proven to be beneficial for most gross motor tasks, sleep deprivation in turn has not always resulted in performance decay. Furthermore, correlations between motor performance and sleep parameters have been found. These results are of potential importance for integrating sleep in physiotherapeutic interventions, especially for patients with impaired gross motor functions.

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The Effect of Red and Blue on Gross and Fine Motor Tasks: Confirming the Inverted-U Hypothesis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.744913 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobin Hong ◽

Aiai Xu ◽

Yan Shi ◽

Lu Geng ◽

Rong Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Blue Color ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Gross Motor ◽

High Arousal ◽

Dart Throwing ◽

Better Than

Previous studies have shown that the color red can affect basic motor functioning. However, these studies utilized simple gross motor tasks rather than those assessing complex fine motor skills. Moreover, these empirical studies were theoretically based on the threat–behavior link in human and non-human animals, and neglected the relationship between arousal and motor performance. According to the Yerkes–Dodson law and the inverted-U hypothesis in sport psychology, for simple motor tasks, high arousal (associated with the color red) is more advantageous than low arousal (associated with the color blue); for complex motor tasks, low arousal (blue color) is more advantageous than high arousal (red color). The current research examined the effect of color on different kinds of motor skills (fine motor and gross motor) based on the inverted U-hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of red and blue on dart-throwing performance, whereas in Experiment 2, we examined the effect of red and blue on grip strength performance. The results showed that performance of fine motor skill (dart-throwing) in the blue condition was better than in the red condition, and performance of gross motor skill (handgrip) in the red context was better than in the blue context. These results indicate that the type of motor skill assessed moderates the influence of red and blue on motor performance.

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PENGEMBANGAN FISIK MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN BERMAI

Edupedia ◽

10.35316/edupedia.v3i2.253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 67-77

Author(s):

Farhatin Masrurah ◽

Khulusinniyah Khulusinniyah

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

High Activity ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Development ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Skills Development ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Fine Motor Skills ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Skills

The first five years of a children’s age is the period of rapid growth with physical and motor development. Those process will develop well if stimulated continuously. Early childhood always identic with high activity requires the opportunity to express their abilities. Therefore playing method is very urgent inchildren’s gross motor skills and fine motor skills development through a variety of playing activities both indoors and outdoors. Playing is an activity that cannot be separated from early childhood’s world. All playing activities will be carried out happily. By the same token learning by playing will be done happily without any sense of being forced or oppressed.

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Rhythmicity and Motor Skill

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1983.57.1.327 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 327-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wendell Liemohn

Keyword(s):

Motor Skill ◽

Learning Disabled ◽

Total Variance ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Motor Tasks ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Independent Variables

Noting lack of synchrony in the movement of retarded and learning disabled children led to the development of four tests requiring subjects to tap their hands in concert with a metronome. In this study the scores that 175 of these children made on the rhythmic tests were factor analyzed to obtain factor scoring coefficients; the latter were then used alone and with age in the regression analyses to predict performance on two fine and eight gross motor tasks. The proportions of total variance accounted for by the independent variables ranged from (a) .09 to .31 when the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients were used alone and (b) .15 to .36 when age was included with the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients.

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Association between maternal shift work and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: results from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study with propensity-score-matching analysis

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyz045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 1545-1555

Author(s):

Chih-Fu Wei ◽

Mei-Huei Chen ◽

Ching-Chun Lin ◽

Yueliang Leon Guo ◽

Shio-Jean Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Shift Work ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Work Status ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Taiwan Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Background Maternal shift work is associated with preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age new-borns, childhood obesity and future behavioural problems. However, the adverse effects on and interactions of maternal shift work with infant neurodevelopment remain uncertain. Therefore, we examined the associations between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental parameters. Methods The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study is a nationwide birth cohort study following representatively sampled mother–infant pairs in 2005. The participants’ development and exposure conditions were assessed by home interviews with structured questionnaires at 6 and 18 months of age. Propensity scores were calculated with predefined covariates for 1:1 matching. Multivariate conditional logistic regression and the Cox proportional-hazards model were used to examine the association between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental-milestone-achievement status. Results In this study, 5637 term singletons were included, with 2098 cases selected in the propensity-score-matched subpopulation. Persistent maternal shift work was associated with increased risks of delays in gross-motor neurodevelopmental milestones [aOR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.76 for walking steadily], fine-motor neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.80 for scribbling) and social neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03–1.76 for coming when called upon). Moreover, delayed gross-motor and social development were identified in the propensity-score-matched sub-cohort. Conclusions This study shows negative associations between maternal shift work and delayed neurodevelopmental-milestone achievement in the gross-motor, fine-motor and social domains at 18 months. Future research is necessary to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and long-term health effects.

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Design for Difference: Cognitive Enhancement Toys for Children with Developmental Delays

Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias ◽

10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5203-5217

Author(s):

Aditi Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Design Research ◽

Developmental Delays ◽

Cognitive Enhancement ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Early Age ◽

Second Phase ◽

Special Schools ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Research Findings

Childhood is a phase where children explore, learn and enjoy. For some children, this phase is full of difficulties. These children suffer from either developmental delays or learning difficulties. According to sources, there is a iniquitousness of 1.5-2.5% of advancing delay in kids below 2 years of age in India. Development is described into five different domains - gross motor, fine motor, speech, and language, cognitive and socio-emotional. These children need help at an early age to overcome developmental delays and for cognitive enhancement. Both parents and teachers are involved with children right from an early age, and they can devise ways to help these children. Many schools adopt 'Play' as an important activity to help these children overcome developmental delays and "toys" are mostly central to the design of such activities. The paper describes the design research for designing toys for cognitive enhancement of children with developmental delays between 2 and 5 years. In the first phase of research, the interview method was used to understand what kind of learning difficulties children face and what kind of methods are employed to teach them and understand what types of toys they are using. The sample size of 20 comprising of teachers, therapists, and pediatricians from Special schools and departments for special need children in mainstream schools was used for the interview purpose. Observational studies with children (5 different classrooms with children between 3-5 years age) were carried out to understand how children learn and use the toys. At the end of the first phase, the qualitative analysis led to the shift from learning difficulties to developmental delays. In the second phase, a survey of available products in the market was conducted to understand what types of toys are used to address these children's developmental activity. Mapping the play methods employed by the teachers and therapists to the toys' activities led to finding the Design gap. The design process incorporated the research findings. The product is designed in the form of a Toy Box with a multi-utility set of toys for cognitive enhancement in children with developmental delays. The design (three sets of toys) addresses children's communication, spatial, cognitive, gross motor & fine motor skills with developmental delays. The designed product was put through user testing twice to incorporate the findings from the testing to make the design more user-friendly for the children and the teachers, therapists, and parents.

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A Case Study on Management of Rett Syndrome by Wholistic approach

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 351-357

Author(s):

Renu Rathi ◽

Bharat Rathi ◽

Rakesh Khatana ◽

Suraj Sankh

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Rett Syndrome ◽

Motor Development ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Severe Form ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development

Background: Rett syndrome-RS comes under Autism spectrum disorder-ASD which is a neurodevelopmental syndrome. It is diagnosed by the main differentiating features of lack of interpersonal and communication skills, poor eye contact, delayed speech with pervasive abnormal body movements. Aim and Objectives: This case report is aimed at dissemination of comprehensive role of Ayurveda in management of ASD, Rett syndrome. Material and Methods: RS is the severe form of ASD. This case study of 2.3 year’s girl presented with RS and global delay, being treated with wholistic approach. It comprises Ayurveda chikitsa and other therapies like Yoga, hydrotherapy, occupational, music, physiotherapy and many more. Observation and Result: Patient has shown promising results in all developmental milestones such as gross motor, fine motor and personal social in 6 months duration except language. Different varieties of massage therapy, diet and Basti, Nasya (Panchkarma) procedures, Omkar mantra chanting, passive Yogasana were done. Conclusion: In this case report, mainly Ayurveda interventions were implemented with wholistic approach as an adjuvant, received good result in gross motor development which is very difficult in RS, hence it is a unique case. It also opened the door of wholistic approach with the hope to deliver the good result in similar disorders.

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The Effect of Play-Based Math Activities on Different Areas of Development in Children 48 to 60 Months of Age

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020919531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 215824402091953

Author(s):

Meral Taner Derman ◽

Elvan Şahin Zeteroğlu ◽

Arzu Ergişi Birgül

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Motor Development ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Control Group ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Physically Active ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Language Areas ◽

Experimental Group

There are previous studies in the literature conducted on the effect of play-based math activities on the mathematical skills, language, and cognitive development of preschool children. However, the number of studies conducted to determine the effect of play-based math activities on different areas of development in preschool children was too few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of play-based math activities on different developmental areas (personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor development) of children 48 to 60 months of age. The pretest/posttest quasi-experimental research design with control and experimental groups was employed in this study. The research group of this study is composed of 45 children 22 of whom (10 girls and 12 boys) were in the experimental group and 23 (10 girls and 13 boys) in the control group. Denver II Developmental Screening Test was used as the data collection tool. As a result, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the subscales and pretest-posttest total scores concerning personal-social, fine motor, and language areas in the experimental group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the gross motor subscale. In addition, it was observed that there was statistically no significant difference between pretest–posttest scores concerning personal-social, fine motor, language, gross motor subscales and total scores of the control group. The result revealed that play-based math activities have a positive effect on personal-social, fine motor, language, and gross motor developments of children. Further studies can be planned to investigate the effects of play-based mathematics education integrated with different activities where children can have fun and be physically active on children’s developmental areas.

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Effects of Massed versus Distributed Practice on Gross and Fine Motor Proficiency of Educable Mentally Handicapped Adolescents

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151259107300101 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 219-224

Author(s):

Robert A. Rider ◽

Dhari T. Abdulahad

Keyword(s):

Fine Motor ◽

Distributed Practice ◽

Mentally Handicapped ◽

Motor Proficiency ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Massed Practice ◽

Practice Schedule ◽

Balance Task ◽

Pursuit Rotor

Gross and fine motor proficiency were studied in a sample of 52 educable mentally handicapped students ( M = 15.8 yr.), half of whom were assigned to 15 30-sec. trials, a relatively massed practice schedule with 5 sec. between trials, and half to a distributed practice schedule with 30-sec. rests. 5 trials were given 24 hr. later. All subjects performed the stabilometer balance task to measure gross motor proficiency and a 45-rpm pursuit rotor task to measure fine motor proficiency. No significant differences with regard to the practice schedule used early in learning were found, however, boys scored significantly higher on the pursuit rotor than girls.

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Effect of play-based family-centered psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation on the development of severely acutely malnourished children under six in a low-income setting: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1696-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teklu Gemechu Abessa ◽

Berhanu Nigussie Worku ◽

Mekitie Wondafrash ◽

Tsinuel Girma ◽

Johan Valy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Effect Size ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Psychosocial Stimulation ◽

Low Income Setting

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends incorporating psychosocial stimulation into the management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of these interventions for SAM children, particularly when serious food shortages and lack of a balanced diet prevail. The objective of this study was to examine whether family-based psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation in a low-income setting improves the development, linear growth, and nutritional outcomes in children with SAM. Method Children with SAM (N = 339) admitted for treatment to the Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, were randomized to a control (n = 170) or intervention (n = 169) group. Both groups received routine medical care and nutritional treatment at the hospital. The intervention group additionally received play-based psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation during their hospital stay, and at home for 6 months after being discharged from hospital. The fine motor (FM) and gross motor (GM) functions, language (LA) and personal-social (PS) skills of the children were assessed using adapted Denver II, the social-emotional (SE) behavior was assessed using adapted Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, and the linear growth and nutritional status were determined through anthropometric assessments. All outcomes were assessed before the intervention, upon discharge from hospital, and 6 months after discharge (as end-line). The overtime changes of these outcomes measured in both groups were compared using Generalized Estimating Equations. Results The intervention group improved significantly on GM during hospital follow-up by 0.88 points (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.26 SD), and on FM functions during the home follow-up by 1.09 points (p = 0.001, effect size = 0.22 SD). Both young and older children benefited similarly from the treatment. The intervention did not contribute significantly to linear growth and nutritional outcomes. Conclusion Psychomotor/psychosocial stimulation of SAM children enhances improvement in gross motor functions when combined with standard nutrient-rich diets, but it can enhance the fine motor functions even when such standard dietary care is not available. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered on 30 January 2017 at the US National Institute of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) # NCT03036176.

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