The Smoking Control Research Project: Purpose, Design, and Initial Results

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome L. Schwartz ◽  
Mildred Dubitzky
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Smoking Control ◽  
Initial Results

This report presents an outline of the Smoking Control Research Project, the main objectives of which are: the investigation of the social-psychological dynamics underlying smoking behavior and comparison of the effectiveness of three techniques designed to help people stop smoking. Initially, questionnaires were sent to a one-in-seven random sample of 8,284 male members of a prepaid health plan. Of the questionnaire respondents who were minimally motivated to stop smoking, those who completed a battery of psychological tests and medical screening were randomly assigned to control groups and treatment methods: Prescription, Individual Counseling, and Group Counseling. Social class and tranquilizer-placebo effects were controlled within each method. During the treatment program, the wives of all married Ss were studied to assess their influence upon their husbands' success. Initial results show an over-all quitting rate of 33%. Rates of success are compared for different methods.

scholarly journals Does Respect Foster Tolerance? (Re)analyzing and Synthesizing Data From a Large Research Project Using Meta-Analytic Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110244
Author(s):  
Steffen Zitzmann ◽  
Lukas Loreth ◽  
Klaus Michael Reininger ◽  
Bernd Simon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Research ◽  
Existing Data

Our own prior research has demonstrated that respect for disapproved others predicts and might foster tolerance toward them. This means that without giving up their disapproval of others’ way of life, people can tolerate others when they respect them as equals (outgroup respect–tolerance hypothesis). Still, there was considerable variation in the study features. Moreover, the studies are part of a larger research project that affords many additional tests of our hypothesis. To achieve integration along with a more robust understanding of the relation between respect and tolerance, we (re)analyzed all existing data from this project, and we synthesized the results with the help of meta-analytic techniques. The average standardized regression coefficient, which describes the relationship between respect and tolerance, was 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 0.34]). In addition to this overall confirmation of our hypothesis, the size of this coefficient varied with a number of variables. It was larger for numerical majorities than for minorities, smaller for high-status than for low-status groups, and larger for religious than for life-style groups. These findings should inspire further theory development and spur growth in the social-psychological literature on tolerance.

“Emotional” Role-Playing and Changes in Smoking Attitudes and Behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Lichtenstein ◽  
Carolin S. Keutzer ◽  
Kenneth H. Himes
Keyword(s):  
Role Playing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Emotional Role ◽  
Role Players ◽  
Smoking Control ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Smoking Attitudes

The effectiveness of an “emotional” role-playing procedure for modifying smoking attitudes and behavior (Janis & Mann, 1965) was evaluated in three studies using 54 female smokers. Each experimental S role-played a patient who received information that she had lung cancer, would have to undergo an immediate operation, and would have to stop smoking; control Ss listened to a taped role-playing session. While experimental and control groups did not differ in attitude or behavior change, the comparison of pre- and post-measures of smoking attitudes indicated significant within-group changes on several items for both role-players and controls. The magnitude of attitude and smoking-rate changes was small, however, compared to the Janis and Mann data. Further analysis revealed that both the role-players and controls reported considerable emotional arousal during the sessions; paradoxically, such arousal was more closely associated with change-scores for control Ss than for the role-playing Ss.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BARA-BARAYYA KOTA MAKASSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Nildawati ◽  
Muh. Fajar Pahrir ◽  
Nur Rahma N
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated of hypertension in the working area of ​​Puskesmas Bara-barayya, Makassar in 2019. The type of this research is a quantitative study with an observational analytic and  approach to case control research design. The sample consisted of 50 people, 25 case groups and 25 control groups with the sampling method is simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Data analysis used chi square test with significance level α = 0.05. The results showed that there was a relationship between dietary patterns (p value = 0.002, OR = 6.729) with the incidence of hypertension, and there was no significant relationship between sports habits (p = 0.136), alcohol consumption (p = 0.480), smoking behavior (p = 0.074), stress level (p = 0.312), sleep patterns (p = 0.440), and genetic (p = 0.152) with the incidence of hypertension. Puskesmas staff are expected to intervene in community eating patterns in the Bara-Baraya Puskesmas work area.

Providing Freshmen with a Good “Starting-Block”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Intention To Persist

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.

Social-Psychological Models in Labor Motivation Analysis

2004 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Social Psychological Approach

Benefits of using social-psychological approach in the analysis of labor motivations are considered in the article. Classification of employees as objects of economic analysis is offered: "the economic man", "the man of the organization", "the social man" and "the asocial man". Related models give the opportunity to predict behavior of the firm in different situations, such as shocks of various nature.

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