Sampling Adequacy and the Semantic Differential

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Dziuban ◽  
Edwin C. Shirkey
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Version Two of the Kaiser Measures of Sampling Adequacy was derived for a typical six-concept Semantic Differential. The over-all indices indicated that both concept and total correlation matrices would lead to comparable decisions regarding the psychometric quality of the sample data sets. The individual measures, however, showed considerable variability for some scales, placing several in a range which would make them suspect psycho-metrically. It was recommended that the concept of psychometric adequacy be used in determining the efficacy of one's Semantic Differential data for factor analytic procedures.

Masculinity and Femininity: A Factor Analytic Study

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Reece
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Factor Analytic Study ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Outstanding Quality ◽  
The Ideal

The concepts of typical masculinity and typical femininity (i.e., stereotypes), and also ideal masculinity and ideal femininity, were rated by 40 male and 40 female college students. The judgments were made by means of the Concept Meaning Measure, a semantic differential of masculinity and femininity, which was constructed on the basis of six hypothesized factors. Factor analysis of the results yielded two major factors, potency and social behavior, in each of the four concepts. The analysis of the stereotypes also resulted in five additional factors—activity, emotion, form, tactility, with another one, a residual, for masculinity and one, dependability, for femininity. The ideal concepts had six additional factors which were not as clearly delineated and suggest a more complex relationship than exists in the stereotypes. The obtained factors, in general, matched the factors which had been hypothesized, but the outstanding quality of the two major factors had not been predicted. The correspondence of the hypothesized and obtained factors was much more satisfactory for the stereotypes than for the ideal concepts. The relative importance of the various factors and the implications concerning social change were discussed.

Enzymatic digestion – a new method for egg extraction from dry female collection specimens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Young ◽  
Axel Hausmann ◽  
Sławomir Kuczkowski ◽  
Klaus Schönitzer ◽  
Marius Junker
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractEggs suitable for taxonomic study can be yielded from dry female collection specimens by enzymatic digestion of the abdomen. This method had been proposed recently by Knölke et al. (2005) for obtaining DNA for sequence analysis and maceration of tissues for the preparation of genitalia. Hence, enzymatic digestion can provide, simultaneously, three completely different data sets for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies from dry female collection specimens. We used protease K (PK) to macerate the abdomens of and to extract eggs from 67 dried female moths of 20 species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Protease concentration and duration of digestion largely determined the effectiveness of egg extraction and the quality of the eggs for examination of morphological features for taxonomic study, whilst the historical age of the specimen, humidity during storage and the individual age of females were negligible. Optimal egg extraction provided clear scanning electron micrographs of chorionic sculpturing of similar quality to those produced from fresh eggs of the same species.

scholarly journals Explaining the Varieties of Volunteering in Europe: A Capability Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Enjolras
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structural Indicators

AbstractVolunteer rates vary greatly across Europe despite the voluntary sector’s common history and tradition. This contribution advances a theoretical explanation for the variation in volunteering across Europe—the capability approach—and tests this approach by adopting a two-step strategy for modeling contextual effects. This approach, referring to the concept of capability introduced by Sen (Choice, welfare and measurement, Oxford University Press, 1980/1982), is based on the claim that the demand and supply sides of the voluntary sector can be expected to vary according to collective and individual capabilities to engage in volunteering. To empirically test the approach, the study relied on two data sources—the 2015 European Union (EU) Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), including an ad hoc module on volunteering at the individual level, and the Quality of Government Institute and PEW Research Center macro-level data sets—to operationalize economic, human, political, social, and religious contextual factors and assess their effects on individuals’ capability to volunteer. The results support the capability hypothesis at both levels. At the individual level, indicators of human, economic, and social resources have a positive effect on the likelihood of volunteering. At the contextual level, macro-structural indicators of economic, political, social, and religious contexts affect individuals’ ability to transform resources into functioning—that is, volunteering.

Detecting Differential Rater Functioning in Severity and Centrality: The Dual DRF Facets Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110432
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yu Jin ◽  
Thomas Eckes
Keyword(s):  
Writing Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Rater Severity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Performance assessments heavily rely on human ratings. These ratings are typically subject to various forms of error and bias, threatening the assessment outcomes’ validity and fairness. Differential rater functioning (DRF) is a special kind of threat to fairness manifesting itself in unwanted interactions between raters and performance- or construct-irrelevant factors (e.g., examinee gender, rater experience, or time of rating). Most DRF studies have focused on whether raters show differential severity toward known groups of examinees. This study expands the DRF framework and investigates the more complex case of dual DRF effects, where DRF is simultaneously present in rater severity and centrality. Adopting a facets modeling approach, we propose the dual DRF model (DDRFM) for detecting and measuring these effects. In two simulation studies, we found that dual DRF effects (a) negatively affected measurement quality and (b) can reliably be detected and compensated under the DDRFM. Using sample data from a large-scale writing assessment ( N = 1,323), we demonstrate the practical measurement consequences of the dual DRF effects. Findings have implications for researchers and practitioners assessing the psychometric quality of ratings.

Some Physiognomic Aspects of Naming, or, Maluma and Takete Revisited

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris K. Holland ◽  
Michael Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Whole Word

In an effort to understand some of the functional determinants of naming, Koehler's maluma-takete demonstration was examined in two studies, to see whether the matching of the nonsense words and nonsense figures could be accounted for on the basis of physiognomic similarity, as measured by the semantic differential. Matching was found to occur overwhelmingly in the expected direction, and the similarity of semantic differential locations of matched pairs was far greater than that of non-matched pairs. This held strikingly for “literal” scales (such as “Angular-Rounded”) but also held to a lesser extent for clearly “non-literal” scales (such as “Fresh-Stale”), indicating that physiognomic properties over and beyond simple literal description of the stimuli were involved. Study of the semantic differential locations of letters composing the nonsense words, and of ratings of the “fittingness” of the letters as names for the nonsense figures, showed that the physiognomic similarity presumably mediating the naming phenomenon may, at least in the Koehler demonstration, reside in the individual letters rather than in some emergent quality of the whole word. All in all, the study attempted to go beyond just checking whether a “fittingness” phenomenon occurs in naming, by exploring processes hypothesized to underlie the “fittingness.” In at least some cases, physiognomic similarity may be the psychological process mediating naming.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

Delivering Sustainable Water Systems Using Kalman Filter and Statistical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filtering ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Burst Event ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Frequency Features

This paper presents the results of work undertaken to develop and test contrasting data analysis approaches for the detection of bursts/leaks and other anomalies within wate r supply systems at district meter area (DMA)level. This was conducted for Yorkshire Water (YW) sample data sets from the Harrogate and Dales (H&D), Yorkshire, United Kingdom water supply network as part of Project NEPTUNE EP/E003192/1 ). A data analysissystem based on Kalman filtering and statistical approach has been developed. The system has been applied to the analysis of flow and pressure data. The system was proved for one dataset case and have shown the ability to detect anomalies in flow and pres sure patterns, by correlating with other information. It will be shown that the Kalman/statistical approach is a promising approach at detecting subtle changes and higher frequency features, it has the potential to identify precursor features and smaller l eaks and hence could be useful for monitoring the development of leaks, prior to a large volume burst event.

Manageable Self in the Early Hellenistic Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vaia Touna
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

This paper argues that the rise of what is commonly termed "personal religion" during the Classic-Hellenistic period is not the result of an inner need or even quality of the self, as often argued by those who see in ancient Greece foreshadowing of Christianity, but rather was the result of social, economic, and political conditions that made it possible for Hellenistic Greeks to redefine the perception of the individual and its relationship to others.

Reflecting the Sky in Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Land Water

From a phenomenological perspective, the reflective quality of water has a visually dramatic impact, especially when combined with the light of celestial phenomena. However, the possible presence of water as a means for reflecting the sky is often undervalued when interpreting archaeoastronomical sites. From artificial water spaces, such as ditches, huacas and wells to natural ones such as rivers, lakes and puddles, water spaces add a layer of interacting reflections to landscapes. In the cosmological understanding of skyscapes and waterscapes, a cross-cultural metaphorical association between water spaces and the underworld is often revealed. In this research, water-skyscapes are explored through the practice of auto-ethnography and reflexive phenomenology. The mirroring of the sky in water opens up themes such as the continuity, delimitation and manipulation of sky phenomena on land: water spaces act as a continuation of the sky on earth; depending on water spaces’ spatial extension, selected celestial phenomena can be periodically reflected within architectures, so as to make the heavenly dimension easily accessible and a possible object of manipulation. Water-skyscapes appear as specular worlds, where water spaces are assumed to be doorways to the inner reality of the unconscious. The fluid properties of water have the visual effect of dissipating borders, of merging shapes, and, therefore, of dissolving identities; in the inner landscape, this process may represent symbolic death experiences and rituals of initiation, where the annihilation of the individual allows the creative process of a new life cycle. These contextually generalisable results aim to inspire new perspectives on sky-and-water related case studies and give value to the practice of reflexive phenomenology as crucial method of research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document