Relationship between Birth Order and Geographical Proximity to Parents

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Rugala ◽  
Michael S. Nystul
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared

Given the lack of inherent uniqueness of the middleborn child, we hypothesized that middleborn adults would be more likely to express their roles in terms of physical distance and separation of themselves from their families and therefore tend to move farther away from home than their firstborn and lastborn siblings. A chi-squared analysis assessed the frequency of participants living farthest from both mother and father for middleborns versus all other birth-order positions. The frequency of middleborns living farther from their parents' homes was not significantly higher than frequencies of siblings of other birth-order positions when ethnicity was not controlled. There was a significant difference for Hispanic participants when ethnicity was controlled, with a significantly higher frequency of middleborns living farther from home than siblings of other birth-order positions.

Risk of venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of superficial venous incompetence

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Barker ◽  
Felicity Evison ◽  
Ruth Benson ◽  
Alok Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
One Year

Abstract. Background: The invasive management of varicose veins has a known risk of post-operative deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate absolute and relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following commonly used varicose vein procedures. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of secondary data using Hospital Episode Statistics database was performed for all varicose vein procedures performed between 2003 and 2013 and all readmissions for VTE in the same patients within 30 days, 90 days, and one year. Comparison of the incidence of VTEs between procedures was performed using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 261,169 varicose vein procedures were performed during the period studied. There were 686 VTEs recorded at 30 days (0.26 % incidence), 884 at 90 days (0.34 % incidence), and 1,246 at one year (0.48 % incidence). The VTE incidence for different procedures was between 0.15–0.35 % at 30 days, 0.26–0.50 % at 90 days, and 0.46–0.58 % at one year. At 30 days there was a significantly lower incidence of VTEs for foam sclerotherapy compared to other procedures (p = 0.01). There was no difference in VTE incidence between procedures at 90 days (p = 0.13) or one year (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Patients undergoing varicose vein procedures have a small but appreciable increased risk of VTE compared to the general population, with the effect persisting at one year. Foam sclerotherapy had a lower incidence of VTE compared to other procedures at 30 days, but this effect did not persist at 90 days or at one year. There was no other significant difference in the incidence of VTE between open, endovenous, and foam sclerotherapy treatments.

scholarly journals Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in Military Pilots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira ◽  
Alessandra Spada Durante
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Pilots

Abstract Introduction Good hearing in pilots, including central auditory skills, is critical for flight safety and the prevention of aircraft accidents. Pure tone audiometry alone may not be enough to assess hearing in the members of this population who, in addition to high noise levels, routinely face speech recognition tasks in non-ideal conditions. Objective To characterize the frequency-following response (FFR) of a group of military pilots compared with a control group. Methods Twenty military pilots in the Study Group and 20 non-pilot military personnel, not exposed to noise in their work, in the Control Group, all with normal hearing, aged between 30 and 40 years old, completed a questionnaire to assess their hearing habits, and their FFRs were measured with a /da/ syllable (duration 40 milliseconds, speed 10.9/s), at 80 dB NA in the right ear. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-Student or Mann-Whitney tests for quantitative variables, and the Fisher or chi-squared tests for qualitative variables, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding auditory habits. In the FFR, wave amplitudes A (p = 0.01) and C (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the Study Group. Conclusion Working as a military pilot can be a crucial factor in determining an individual's typical FFR pattern, demonstrated in the present study by statistically significant reductions in the amplitudes of the A and C waves.

Perforator-Based Flap Reconstruction after Melanoma Resection: Evaluation of Oncological, Aesthetic, and Functional Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Brunetti ◽  
Rosa Salzillo ◽  
Stefania Tenna ◽  
Bruno Brunetti ◽  
Mario Alessandri Bonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Locoregional Recurrence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Evidence in literature about the best reconstructive approach after melanoma resection is controversial, with some authors advocating that tissue rearrangement flap techniques might hinder the early detection of local relapses. The aim of the present study is to evaluate oncological, aesthetic, and functional outcomes following melanoma reconstruction using pedicled perforator-based flaps. Methods The authors reviewed all patients affected by melanoma treated during a 6-year period. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and operative variables were evaluated. Locoregional recurrence was assessed with clinical and radiological follow-up. One-year postoperatively patients rated on a 5-point Likert scale the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the procedure. Three blind observers examined preoperative and 1-year postoperative photographs and rated the aesthetic outcome of the reconstructive procedure. Results One-hundred sixty-five patients were treated with wide excision and delayed reconstruction, including pedicled perforator-based flaps in 70 patients (group A) and primary closure in 95 patients (group B). Mean Breslow thickness was 2.972 and 2.189 mm in group A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in locoregional recurrence (chi-squared test, p = 0.8333; Fisher's exact test, p > 0.9999) between the two groups. Group A reported a higher satisfaction with both the aesthetic (mean rating 4.390 in group A and 4.094 in group B) and functional (mean rating 4.732 in group A and 4.170 in group B) outcomes of the procedure, the latter being statistically significant (p = 0.0006). Conclusion This series suggests that pedicled perforator-based flaps provide optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes in melanoma reconstruction without impairing the locoregional control of the disease.

Abstract P724: Perimenopausal Women With Migraine Present With Stroke at a Younger Age and With Less Comorbid Diabetes

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Figurelle ◽  
Dawn M Meyer ◽  
Emily Perrinez ◽  
Karen Rapp ◽  
Rebecca Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Comprehensive Stroke Center

Introduction: Migraine is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Frequency and severity increases in the perimenopausal period accompanied by marked vasomotor symptoms (VMS) such as hot flashes, flushing and night sweats. There is emerging evidence that VMS increases the risk of vascular disease including stroke. The purpose of this study was describe the demographics and co-morbidities of perimenopausal females with and without migraine that experience acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: In this IRB approved study, electronic health record (EHR) data was obtained from a large, academic, comprehensive stroke center from 1/1/2015 to 1/1/2020. Inclusion criteria included female sex, age 42-65 years, and hospital diagnosis code of AIS. Hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, vasculopathy, and endocarditis associated strokes were excluded. Perimenopause was defined as age ≥42 and ≤65 years. Hormonal and menopausal status was not available in the EHR. We compared the baseline demographics and co-morbidities by ICD10 codes of subjects with and without migraine. Chi squared was used to compare categorical data and t test for continuous. Spearman rho was used to assess correlations. Results: We identified 660 subjects who met study criteria (n=83 with migraine; n=577 without migraine). Migraine positive subjects were significantly younger (mean age 58 vs 66 years, p=0.03) at time of AIS. Migraine positive subjects identified significantly more often as White (47%) compared to Black (10%), Asian (7%), Pacific Islander (1%), Native American/Alaskan (1%), Other/Mixed Race (31%), and unknown (3%), p=0.001. There was no significant difference in Hispanic ethnicity (p=0.87), hypertension (p=0.66), hyperlipidemia (p=0.12), or atrial fibrillation (p=0.84). Comorbid diabetes was significantly higher in the non-migraine group (94% vs 6%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Perimenopausal women with concomitant history of migraine present with AIS at younger ages and with lower rates of diabetes than those without a migraine history. Future research must be done to assess the correlation of menopausal symptom severity, hormone levels at time of AIS, and stroke characteristics to further understand the role of menopause in stroke risk.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of riverside communities of Mato Grosso Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Naiani Domingos Gasparetto ◽  
Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution and dogs act as sentinels of human infection. This search aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dogs of the communities on the Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso and variables associated with infection. The dogs of the riverside communities in Cuiabá River, which includes Barranco Alto, Praia do Poço, Engenho Velho, Varginha, Bom Sucesso, Passagem da Conceição and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, were evaluated for the presence of T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence and factors associated with infection were calculated by chi-squared test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multiple analysis. Of the 248 dogs surveyed, 107 (43.1%) were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence ranged from 25.6% to 64.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the communities studied (p > 0.05). As for the associated factors, the only statistically significant factor was that of dogs living with cats (p = 0.02), with approximately twice the risk of acquiring infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence in dogs of riverside communities in the Baixada Cuiabana demonstrated that high rates of infection, being the factor associated with infection, contact with domestic cats.

scholarly journals 19 LOW-DOSE DEEP INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN SOWS UNDER CONDITIONS: INCIDENCE OF UNILATERAL FERTILIZATIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Martinez ◽  
J.M. Vazquez ◽  
I. Parrilla ◽  
C. Cuello ◽  
M.A. Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Chi Square Test

A new procedure for nonsurgical deep intrauterine insemination (DUI) in non-sedated sows has recently been reported (Martinez et al. 2002 Reproduction 123, 163–170). In comparison to traditional artificial insemination (AI), using this procedure, a 20-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa inseminated can be used without a decrease in fertility when hormonally treated post-weaning estrous sows are used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of DUI under field conditions. In Experiment 1, crossbred sows (2–6 parity) were weaned at 20.75 ± 0.06 days. Estrous detection was performed once per day, beginning 3 days after weaning. Sows with a weaning to estrus interval of 4–5 days were selected to be inseminated. A total of 190 sows were inseminated at 12, 24, and 36 h after onset of estrus using one of the following two regimes: (1) DUI with 150 × 106 fresh spermatozoa in 5 mL of BTS (n = 95) and (2) Traditional AI with 3 × 109 fresh spermatozoa in 100 mL of BTS (n = 95) prepared from the same semen samples used for the DUI group. Farrowing rates (FR) and litter sizes (LTS; mean ± SEM) from both groups were compared using chi-squared test and ANOVA, respectively. There was no significant difference in the FR between groups (83.2 and 86.3% for DUI and AI groups, respectively). However, a decrease (P < 0.001) in the LTS was observed in sows inseminated by the DUI procedure (9.8 ± 0.29 and 10.9 ± 0.17, respectively). In Experiment 2, seventy one natural post-weaning estrus sows were used. Fifty-five sows were DUI inseminated three times with 150 (n = 17), 300 (n = 19), or 600 (n = 19) × 106 spermatozoa in 5, 10, or 20 mL of BTS, respectively. The remaining sows (n = 16) were traditionally inseminated. On Day 6 after estrus, sows were subjected to laparotomy and the tips of both uterine horns were flushed in order to evaluate pregnancy rate (PR: percentage of sows with at least 4 viable embryos) and fertilization rate (ratio of viable embryos to the total number of embryos and oocytes). PR was similar in all the groups, ranging from 84.2% (DUI 300 × 106 spermatozoa group) to 94.7% (DUI 600 × 106 spermatozoa group). Fertilization rate and the percentage of bilateral fertilization after DUI with 600 × 106 spermatozoa did not differ from those of the AI group (97.8 and 100% vs. 98.4 and 100%, respectively), but a significant decrease in both parameters (P < 0.05; chi-square test) was observed in sows inseminated with 300 (94.3 and 87.5%) or 150 (84.4 and 66.7%) × 106 spermatozoa. In conclusion, DUI with 150 × 106 spermatozoa offers similar FR but a lower LTS in sows with natural estrus in comparison with those parameters obtained when traditional AI is used. The lower litter size could be related to the low percentage of bilateral fertilization observed in that group. This work was supported by CDTI 020003.

scholarly journals MRI-directed biopsy for primary detection of prostate cancer in a population of 223 men: MRI In-Bore vs MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion-targeted techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Del Monte ◽  
Stefano Cipollari ◽  
Francesco Del Giudice ◽  
Martina Pecoraro ◽  
Marco Bicchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Biopsy Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared

Objectives: To compare the detection rates of overall prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) and the median percentage of cancer per biopsy core between MRI-guided In-bore and MRI-TRUS fusion-targeted biopsy (TBx). Methods: In this retrospective study, 223 patients who underwent prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and subsequent MR-directed biopsy were included. For PCa and csPCa detection rate (DR), contingency tables were tested via the Pearson’s chi-squared to explore the variance of the outcome distribution. The percentage of cancer per biopsy core was tested with a two-tailed Mann-Withney test. Results: One hundred and seventeen and 106 patients underwent MRI-TRUS fusion or MRI In-bore TBx, respectively. 402 MRI biopsy targets were identified, of which 206 (51.2%) were biopsied with the MRI-TRUS TBx and 196 (48.8%) with the MRI In-bore TBx technique. Per-patient PCa and csPCa detection rates were 140/223 (62.8%) and 97/223 (43.5%), respectively. PCa-DR was 73/117 (62.4%) and 67/106 (63.2%) for MRI-TRUS and MRI In-Bore TBx (p = 0.9), while csPCa detection rate reached 50/117 (42.7%) and 47/106 (44.3%), respectively (p = 0.81). The median per-patient percentage of malignant tissue within biopsy cores was 50% (IQR: 27–65%) for PCa and 60% (IQR: 35–68%) for csPCa, with a statistically significant difference between the techniques. Conclusion No statistically significant difference in the detection rate of MRI In-bore and MRI-TRUS fusion TBx was found. MRI In-bore TBx showed higher per-core percentage of malignant cells. Advances in knowledge MRI In-bore biopsy might impact risk stratification and patient management considering the higher per-core percentage of malignant cells, especially for patients eligible for active surveillance or focal therapy.

Performance Characteristics and Accuracy in Perceptual Discrimination of Leather and Synthetic Basketballs

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Mathes ◽  
Kay Flatten
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Perceptual Mode

Performance characteristics of leather and synthetic basketballs were examined by measuring the basketballs' rebound heights on five types of playing surfaces (Tartan, asphalt, glass, concrete, hardwood). Comparing the basketballs' performance on the basis of their coefficients of restitution (e = height of rebound/height of drop) analysis of variance showed that the leather basketball rebounded significantly higher than the synthetic basketball on all surfaces. To assess the capability of individuals to discriminate perceptually between the balls 30 male and 30 female undergraduates were asked to determine whether basketballs randomly presented 20 times under four different treatment conditions (visual, tactual-kinesthetic static, tactual-kinesthetic dynamic, auditory) were leather or synthetic. Chi squared analysis of their accuracy across all four perceptual modes showed no significant difference. However, analysis by perceptual mode did produce significant differences, indicating subjects were more accurate in identification in the tactual-kinesthetic dynamic and static modes than in the visual and auditory.

Etiology-associated heterogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Yuan Ruan ◽  
Chun-Ta Huang ◽  
Ying-Chun Chien ◽  
Chun-Kai Huang ◽  
Jung-Yien Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract Background: Heterogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has led to many statistically negative clinical trials. Etiology is considered an important source of pathogenesis heterogeneity in ARDS but previous studies have usually adopted a dichotomous classification, such as pulmonary versus extrapulmonary ARDS, to evaluate it. Etiology-associated heterogeneity in ARDS remains poorly described.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we described etiology-associated heterogeneity in gas exchange abnormality (PaO2/FiO2 [P/F] and ventilatory ratios), hemodynamic instability, non-pulmonary organ dysfunction as measured by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation, and 30-day mortality. Linear regression was used to model the trajectory of P/F ratios over time. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Kruskal-Wallis rank tests and Chi-squared tests were used to compare between-etiology differences. Results: From 1725 mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU, we identified 258 (15%) with ARDS. Pneumonia (48.4%) and non-pulmonary sepsis (11.6%) were the two leading causes of ARDS. Compared with pneumonia associated ARDS, extra-pulmonary sepsis associated ARDS had a greater P/F ratio recovery rate (difference = 13 mmHg/day, p = 0.01), more shock (48% versus 73%, p = 0.01), higher non-pulmonary SOFA scores (6 versus 9 points, p < 0.001), higher d-dimer levels (4.2 versus 9.7 mg/L, p = 0.02) and higher mortality (43% versus 67%, p = 0.02). In pneumonia associated ARDS, there was significant difference in proportion of shock (p = 0.005) between bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia.Conclusion: This study showed that there was remarkable etiology-associated heterogeneity in ARDS. Heterogeneity was also observed within pneumonia associated ARDS when bacterial pneumonia was compared with other non-bacterial pneumonia. Future studies on ARDS should consider reporting etiology-specific data and exploring possible effect modification associated with etiology.

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