Analysis of Air Temperature and Precipitation in Nitra, Slovakia in 2005–2019

Abstract High air temperatures and low amount of precipitation occur more and more frequently in Slovakia. The aim of this work is to evaluate the temperature conditions and total precipitation during the period 2005–2019 and to compare it with the 50-year climatic normal 1951–2000. Also, there was calculated the probability of summer days, tropical days, super-tropical days, frost days and ice days occurrence. Annual temperature is higher by 0.9 °C (1.1 °C during vegetation period) than normal. Rainfall, especially in the last 5 years, has a decreasing character (-75 mm.year−1) with frequent fluctuations. New phenomena – super-tropical days has occurrence of up to 20% between July and August. This study provides information based on which adaptation measures to the climate change need to be taken.

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A data portal for regional climatic trend analysis in a Peruvian High Andes region

Advances in Science and Research ◽

10.5194/asr-6-219-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Schwarb ◽

D. Acuña ◽

Th. Konzelmann ◽

M. Rohrer ◽

N. Salzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Trend Analysis ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Data Series ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Climatic Trend ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Data Portal

Abstract. In the frame of a Swiss-Peruvian climate change adaptation initiative (PACC), operational and historical data series of more than 100 stations of the Peruvian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (SENAMHI) are now accessible in a dedicated data portal. The data portal allows for example the comparison of data series or the interpolation of spatial fields as well as download of data in various data formats. It is thus a valuable tool supporting the process of data homogenisation and generation of a regional baseline climatology for a sound development of adequate climate change adaptation measures. The procedure to homogenize air-temperature and precipitation data series near Cusco city is outlined and followed by an exemplary trend analysis. Local air temperature trends are found to be in line with global mean trends.

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Heatwaves and Summer Urban Heat Islands: A Daily Cycle Approach to Unveil the Urban Thermal Signal Changes in Lisbon, Portugal

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Oliveira ◽

António Lopes ◽

Ezequiel Correia ◽

Samuel Niza ◽

Amílcar Soares

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Urban Heat Islands ◽

Daily Cycle ◽

Local Climate ◽

Thermal Signal ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Local Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat

Lisbon is a European Mediterranean city, greatly exposed to heatwaves (HW), according to recent trends and climate change prospects. Considering the Atlantic influence, air temperature observations from Lisbon’s mesoscale network are used to investigate the interactions between background weather and the urban thermal signal (UTS) in summer. Days are classified according to the prevailing regional wind direction, and hourly UTS is compared between HW and non-HW conditions. Northern-wind days predominate, revealing greater maximum air temperatures (up to 40 °C) and greater thermal amplitudes (approximately 10 °C), and account for 37 out of 49 HW days; southern-wind days have milder temperatures, and no HWs occur. Results show that the wind direction groups are significantly different. While southern-wind days have minor UTS variations, northern-wind days have a consistent UTS daily cycle: a diurnal urban cooling island (UCI) (often lower than –1.0 °C), a late afternoon peak urban heat island (UHI) (occasionally surpassing 4.0 °C), and a stable nocturnal UHI (1.5 °C median intensity). UHI/UCI intensities are not significantly different between HW and non-HW conditions, although the synoptic influence is noted. Results indicate that, in Lisbon, the UHI intensity does not increase during HW events, although it is significantly affected by wind. As such, local climate change adaptation strategies must be based on scenarios that account for the synergies between potential changes in regional air temperature and wind.

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Influência de Mudanças Climáticas no Balanço Hídrico da Amazônia Ocidental (Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v3i3.232656 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ailton Marcolino Liberato ◽

José Ivaldo B. De Brito

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Budget ◽

Fire Risk ◽

Climate Index ◽

Climate Trends ◽

Climatological Data ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar possíveis alterações em componentes do balanço hídrico climático, associadas a diferentes cenários (A2 e B2) das mudanças climáticas do IPCC, para a Amazônia Ocidental (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia e Roraima). Os dados climatológicos de temperatura do ar e totais de precipitação pluvial usados como referência neste estudo, são oriundos do INMET (1961-2005), da CEPLAC (1983-1999) e da reanálise do NCEP/NCAR (1983-1995). O método utilizado na elaboração do balanço hídrico é o de Thornthwaite e Mather (1957) modificado por Krishan (1980). Os resultados das projeções mostram tendência de clima mais seco, diminuição na umidade do solo, redução na vazão dos rios, aumento no risco de incêndio e diminuição no escoamento superficial e sub-superficial para a Amazônia Ocidental até 2100.Palavras-chave: cenários, índices climáticos, Amazônia. Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was investigate possible alterations in the climatic water budget components associated with different scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC to Amazonian Western (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia and Roraima). The climatological data of air temperature and precipitation from the INMET (1961-2005), CEPLAC (1983-1999) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (1983-1995) were used in the present study. The Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method was used in the elaboration of the climatic water budget modified by Krishan (1980). The results of the projections show drier climate trends and decrease of the soil moisture, reduction in the rivers discharge, increase in the fire risk and decrease in the runoff for the Amazonian Western up to 2100. Keywords: scenarios, climate index, Amazonian.

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Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal ◽

10.31481/uhmj.20.2017.05 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

V. V. Hrynchak

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Absolute Temperature ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Weather Observations ◽

Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

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Projected changes in temperature and precipitation over mainland Southeast Asia by CMIP6 models

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Supharatid ◽

J. Nafung ◽

T. Aribarg

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Boreal Summer ◽

Northeast Monsoon ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Projected Changes

Abstract Five mainland SEA countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand) are threatened by climate change. Here, the latest 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is employed to examine future climate change in this region under two SSP-RCP (shared socioeconomic pathway-representative concentration pathway) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The bias-corrected multi-model ensemble (MME) projects a warming (wetting) over Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand by 1.88–3.89, 2.04–4.22, 1.88–4.09, 2.03–4.25, and 1.90–3.96 °C (8.76–20.47, 12.69–21.10, 9.54–21.10, 13.47–22.12, and 7.03–15.17%) in the 21st century with larger values found under SSP5-8.5 than SSP2-4.5. The MME model displays approximately triple the current rainfall during the boreal summer. Overall, there are robust increases in rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon (3.41–3.44, 8.44–9.53, and 10.89–17.59%) and the Northeast Monsoon (−2.58 to 0.78, −0.43 to 2.81, and 2.32 to 5.45%). The effectiveness of anticipated climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies under SSP2-4.5 results in slowing down the warming trends and decreasing precipitation trends after 2050. All these findings imply that member countries of mainland SEA need to prepare for appropriate adaptation measures in response to the changing climate.

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From climate change perception to bottom-up adaptation initiatives: a case study from banana producers of Upper Huallaga basin, Peru

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2341 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Livia Serrao ◽

Lorenzo Giovannini ◽

Luz Elita Balcazar Terrones ◽

Hugo Alfredo Huamaní Yupanqui ◽

Dino Zardi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Banana Plant ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Weather Events

Climatic characteristics and weather events have always conditioned the success of a harvest. Climate change and the associated increase in intense weather phenomena in recent years are making it clearer than ever that agriculture is among the sectors most at risk. Although problems in agriculture are found all over the world, the most vulnerable contexts are those where agriculture is low-tech and rainfed. Here, adaptation strategies are even more urgent to secure the food production. Assuming that the awareness of climate change is the basis for the adoption of adaptation and mitigation strategies, it is interesting to correlate the degree of perception of local inhabitants with their willingness to adopt bottom-up initiatives.The current study focuses on banana producers&#8217; perceptions of climate change in a tropical valley, and the initiatives that farmers adopt to cope with recent intense weather events. The banana plant (Musa Musacae) grows in tropical climates with annual rainfall around 2000 mm and average temperatures around 27&#176;C. The species&#8217; threadlike root system and the weak pseudostem make it particularly vulnerable to wind gusts, which, at speeds higher than 15 m/s, can bend and knock over entire plantations. The increased frequency of convective thunderstorms observed in connection with climate change has made downburst phenomena more frequent and caused greater crop loss.The aim of the present work is to estimate the correlation between banana producers&#8217; perceptions of climate change and their bottom-up initiatives for adaptation. To achieve this goal, the case study of the Upper Huallaga valley, which is located in the Peruvian Amazon region as shown in Figure 1, is analysed. The work was carried out at two levels: (i) we interviewed 73 banana producers in the valley, (ii) we estimated the alterations and trends in temperature and precipitation recorded by the only three available meteorological stations within the valley. Finally, we compared the two databases to evaluate if the perception of the population was confirmed by the data. Most of the surveyed population observed an increase in temperature, consistent with the results of the data analysis, and an increase in precipitation, which was not consistent with observations as these showed a cyclic variation without a clear trend. With regards to the adaptation measures, it was observed that, although a clear majority of the sample surveyed (around 82%) agreed with the existence of climate change, only 46% of them had taken any initiative to counteract adverse events in some way. However, it is important to note that the strategies implemented were all devised and implemented by the farmers themselves. Funding and coordinating the dissemination of these adaptation practices by the local authority through a rural development plan could certainly strengthen the population&#8217;s effort.<img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.34e8e7df2cff59382630161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=59f620ca81f3a3bb7bb44139d499513c&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt="">Figure 1, On the left side: the Upper Huallaga basin. On the right side: the study area

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Impact of climate change on water requirements and growth of potato in different climatic zones of Montenegro

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2018.211 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 657-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirko Knežević ◽

Ljubomir Zivotić ◽

Nataša Čereković ◽

Ana Topalović ◽

Nikola Koković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Viable Solution ◽

The Impact

Abstract The impact of climate change on potato cultivation in Montenegro was assessed. Three scenarios (A1B, A1Bs and A2) for 2001–2030, 2071–2100 and 2071–2100, respectively, were generated by a regional climate model and compared with the baseline period 1961–1990. The results indicated an increase of temperature during the summer season from 1.3 to 4.8 °C in the mountain region and from 1 to 3.4 °C in the coastal zone. The precipitation decreased between 5 and 50% depending on the scenario, region and season. The changes in temperature and precipitation influenced phenology, yield and water needs. The impact was more pronounced in the coastal areas than in the mountain regions. The growing season was shortened 13.6, 22.9 and 29.7 days for A1B, A1Bs and A2, respectively. The increase of irrigation requirement was 4.0, 19.5 and 7.3 mm for A1B, A1Bs and A2, respectively. For the baseline conditions, yield reduction under rainfed cultivation was lower than 30%. For A1B, A1Bs and A2 scenarios, yield reductions were 31.0 ± 8.2, 36.3 ± 11.6 and 34.1 ± 10.9%, respectively. Possible adaptation measures include shifting of production to the mountain (colder) areas and irrigation application. Rainfed cultivation remains a viable solution when the anticipation of sowing is adopted.

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Testing a Naive Snow Theory Against a Physically Based Model: Sensitivity of Global Mountain Snow Regimes to Increased Air Temperatures

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5467 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ross Woods ◽

Juan Ignacio López Moreno ◽

Esteban Alonso-Gonzalez ◽

Jesus Revuelto ◽

Joshua Larsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Conceptual Understanding ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Energy Partitioning ◽

Physically Based Model ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Physically Based ◽

Potential Benefits

Mountain snow regimes will be significantly altered by climate warming, resulting in shallower snowpacks whose duration is also reduced. The sensitivity of snowpacks to a unit of air temperature warming depends strongly on climate; in addition, for a given climate, the sensitivity also depends on the details of energy balance partitioning. A synthesis of these factors remains challenging. Here we evaluate to what extent a na&#239;ve theory of snowpack response to warming can reproduce the sensitivity which is calculated by a detailed physically based model of the snowpack (Snobal), applied to a diverse global set of mountain locations. Our hypothesis is that the na&#239;ve theory will adequately predict the range of snow sensitivity values across diverse climates, but not the additional impacts of inter-site differences in energy partitioning for a given climate. The potential benefits of the na&#239;ve theory are that it enables a significant reduction of the uncertainty of snowpack sensitivity, and an improved conceptual understanding of the impacts of climate parameters (e.g. the seasonality and fluctuations of temperature and precipitation) on snowpack accumulation and melt-sensitivity under warming climates.

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The effect of ambient air temperature and precipitation on monthly counts of salmonellosis in four regions of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, in 2000–2010

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881300157x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 142 (3) ◽

pp. 608-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. M. GRJIBOVSKI ◽

A. KOSBAYEVA ◽

B. MENNE

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Central Asia ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Positive Association ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Temperature ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Similar Association ◽

Level Of Significance

SUMMARYWe studied associations between monthly counts of laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis, ambient air temperature and precipitation in four settings in Kazakhstan. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature during the same months only in Astana: an increase of 1°C was associated with a 5·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–8·8] increase in the number of cases. A similar association, although not reaching the level of significance was observed in the Southern Kazakhstan region (3·5%, 95% CI −2·1 to 9·1). Positive association with precipitation with lag 2 was found in Astana: an increase of 1 mm was associated with a 0·5% (95% CI 0·1–1·0) increase in the number of cases. A similar association, but with lag 0 was observed in Southern Kazakhstan region (0·6%, 95% CI 0·1–1·1). The results may have implications for the future patterns of salmonellosis in Kazakhstan with regard to climate change.

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Long-term dynamics of the atmospheric and soil climate of humid subtropics of Russia

Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation ◽

10.36305/2019-1-150-23-30 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

O. V. Reshotkin

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Quantitative Characteristic ◽

Winter Season ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Soil Climate ◽

Climatic Normal ◽

Humid Subtropics

Aim. Identify patterns of temporal changes in the parameters of the atmospheric and soil climates of humid subtropics. Methods. The dynamics of air and soil temperature and precipitation are analyzed in the long-term and seasonal cycles with respect to the climatic normal, which is considered as a quantitative characteristic of the conditions of pedogenesis and climate variability over time. Results. The data on air temperature, precipitation and soil temperature yellow soils, formed in a subtropical wet-forest soil bioclimatic area are analyzed. It is shown that the average annual air temperature in 2001 - 2018 exceeded the climatic normal by 0,7°C, the annual precipitation increased by 104 mm. Modern warming leads to a change in the temperature regime of yellow soils. The average annual soil temperature at the beginning of the XXI century increased from 0,5°С at the depth of 320 cm to 0,9°С at the depth of 20 cm. The sum of active soil temperatures above 10°С at the depth of 20 cm increased by 283°С. Main conclusions. In the modern period, a change in the atmospheric and soil climate towards warming is observed in the zone of distribution of yellow soils of humid subtropics of Russia, accompanied by an increase in precipitation. Warming is most pronounced in the summer season and is practically not observed in the winter season. It is characterized by an increase in air and soil temperature throughout its profile, an increase in the sum of active temperatures. The revealed climate changes make it possible to re-evaluate the soil and agroclimatic resources of the Russian subtropics for agriculture and forestry.

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