scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococci Most Frequently Isolated from Czech Dairy Cows with Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-694
Author(s):  
Soňa Šlosárková ◽  
Kateřina Nedbalcová ◽  
Jaroslav Bzdil ◽  
Petr Fleischer ◽  
Monika Zouharová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of most frequently isolated streptococci from Czech dairy herds. A total of 3,719 quarter milk samples were collected and cultivated between January 2017 and June 2018 from cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis from 112 farms. Only one isolate of each species, collected from the same farm per six-month period, was included in the susceptibility testing. The susceptibilities of Streptococcus uberis (163 isolates) and S. dysgalactiae (25 isolates) to 10 antimicrobials (penicillin – PEN, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid – AMC, ceftiofur – EFT, clindamycin – CLI, gentamicin – GEN, streptomycin – STR, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole – SXT, enrofloxacin – ENR, tetracycline – TET, rifampicin – RIF) from 9 groups were determined by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentrations. The percentages of resistant S. uberis isolates to the antimicrobials were as follows: TET (63.2%), STR (52.1%), CLI (30.1%), and RIF (2.5%). Intermediate susceptibility was found to RIF (63.2%), PEN (35%), ENR (2.5%), EFT (1.8%), and AMC (1.2%). All the S. uberis isolates were susceptible to GEN and SXT (100%). However, only 6.7% of S. uberis isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials, and 38.7% of isolates were multidrug resistant (≥ 3 groups of antimicrobials). All the S. dysgalactiae isolates were susceptible to PEN, AMC, EFT, GEN, SXT, and ENR (100%). Resistant S. dysgalactiae isolates were found to TET (60%), STR (28%), CLI (12%), and intermediate to TET (24%) and RIF (20%). Sixteen percent of S. dysgalactiae isolates were multidrug resistant. The relatively high occurrence of (multiple) resistance, relative to mastitis pathogens, highlights the importance of monitoring this condition in dairy herds.

scholarly journals Etiological agents of bovine mastitis in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 6339-2020
Author(s):  
HENRYK KRUKOWSKI ◽  
HENRYKA LASSA ◽  
EWA ZASTEMPOWSKA ◽  
SEBASTIAN SMULSKI ◽  
HANNA BIS-WENCEL
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

This research paper addresses the hypothesis that the incidence of various bovine mastitis pathogens is subject to change over time and across regions. The aim of the research was to determine the pathogen species that are currently the etiological agents of mastitis in Polish dairy herds. This comprehensive study was conducted in the period 2009-2017 and included all the Polish provinces, distinguishing between those with high and low numbers of dairy cattle. Over eight years 38,852 quarter milk samples were obtained from 22,587 cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from herds located in all 16 provinces in Poland. Milk samples were cultured using standard microbiological methods. Most of them were positive for microorganisms but there was also part of bacteriologically negative and contaminated samples. Gram-positive catalase-negative cocci and staphylococci were the most prevalent pathogens. The growth of other microorganisms such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli, yeasts and algae was observed at lower frequencies. There were differences in the prevalence of microorganisms depending on the region. In the eastern part of the country a higher number of Streptococcus agalactiae infections than in other regions was observed. This paper provides the latest data on microbial species, frequency of their occurrence and regional location within Poland. The knowledge of mastitis pathogens enables appropriate treatment and to make prevention recommendations for the herds.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis milk of cattle in Chitwan, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽  
Himal Luitel ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Hom Bahadur Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples

Abstract Background The threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exists globally and has been listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. One of the sources of MRSA emergence is livestock and its products, often raised in poor husbandry conditions. There are limited studies in Nepal to understand the prevalence of MRSA in dairy animals and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan, one of the major milk-producing districts of Nepal, from February 2018 to September 2019 to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in milk samples and its AMR profile. The collected milk samples (n = 460) were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis to isolate and identify S. aureus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the mecA gene and screen for MRSA. Results In total, 41.5% (191/460) of milk samples were positive in the CMT test. Out of 191 CMT positive milk samples, the biochemical tests showed that the prevalence of S. aureus was 15.2% (29/191). Among the 29 S. aureus isolates, 6.9% (2/29) were identified as MRSA based on the detection of a mecA gene. This indicates that that 1.05% (2/191) of mastitis milk samples had MRSA. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that 75.9% (22/29) and 48.3% (14/29) S. aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefazolin and Tetracycline respectively (48.3%), whereas 100% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin. In total 96.6% (28/29) of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus-mediated subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in Chitwan, Nepal, with a small proportion of it being MRSA carrying a mecA gene. This S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA contaminated milk poses a public health risk due to the presence of a phenotype that is resistant to very commonly used antibiotics. It is suggested that dairy herds be screened for subclinical mastitis and treatments for the animals be based on antibiotic susceptibility tests to reduce the prevalence of AMR. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the Staphylococcus spp. to explore the antibiotic resistance genes in addition to the mecA gene to ensure public health.

scholarly journals Finding of coagulase negative staphylococci in the herd with an increased number of somatic cells in milk and their antimicrobial susceptibility

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Vera Katic ◽  
Natasa Rajic-Savic
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are generally considered to be opportunistic pathogens. Controlling CNS mastitis is difficult because the epidemiology is not clear, and the CNS group consists of about 40 different Staphylococcus species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coagulasenegative staphylococci in milk of the cows with subclinical mastitis, as well as to determine different CNS species isolated from quarter milk samples for their susceptibility to antimicrobials used commonly for mastitis therapy. On the farm where there was found an increase of somatic cells in bulk milk, 112 dairy cows were examined by mastitis test. From 52 udder quarters where mastitis test showed an increase of somatic cells, milk samples were taken for bacteriological examination. For isolating the causes of mastitis there was used blood agar. Identification of the causative agents of mastitis was carried out on the basis of colony appearance on blood agar and their physiological characteristics. Coagulasepositive staphylococci sensitivity which cause mastitis was tested by Kirby Bauer method. For susceptibility testing there were used commercially produced discs containing: 10 IU penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 +10 ?g), cloxacillin 25 ?g, 30 ?g amoxicillin, cephalexin 30 ?g, ceftiofur 30 ?g, 15 ?g lincomycin, gentamicin and tetracycline 30 ?g. The sensitivity of microorganisms was evaluated on the basis of inhibition zone diameter recommended by the manufacturer and was labeled as sensitive (S) moderately sensitive (I) or resistant (R). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 61.53% of samples from cows with subclinical mastitis, making them the most common cause of subclinical mastitis. The highest resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to penicillin G (58.33% of isolates). Full sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci was found to amoxicillin / clavulanic acid (100% of isolates), a good sensitivity to ceftiofur (83.33% of isolates), cefalexin (70.83% of isolates) and ceftriaxone (41.66% of isolates).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovar Ndolo isolated from outbreaks in cattle and horses

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pantuzza Ramos ◽  
Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier ◽  
Carlos Augusto Gomes Leal ◽  
Elias Jorge Facury Filho ◽  
Antonio Ultimo de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe and characterize, for the first time, two outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Ndolo in foals and calves in Brazil and compare the isolated strains with S. Ndolo previously identified in asymptomatic reptiles. The affected calves and foals presented fever, lethargy, and profuse diarrhea. Isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, characterized according to virulence genes, and fingerprinted by ERIC-PCR. Salmonella Ndolo was identified in fecal samples from two foals and four calves. One isolate from a calf was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and florfenicol. Strains from two other calves were resistant to oxytetracycline. All virulence genes tested were present in the isolates, and two major clusters of closely related strains were identified by ERIC-PCR, each per outbreak. This is the first report of Salmonella Ndolo infection in domestic and symptomatic animals. Previously, this serovar had been identified only in human infections. The presence of relevant virulence genes in all Salmonella Ndolo isolates and the detection of antimicrobial multi-resistant strains highlighted the importance of monitoring serovars associated with salmonellosis in domestic animals.

Characterisation ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from mastitis bovine milk in Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela E Srednik ◽  
Valentine Usongo ◽  
Sarah Lépine ◽  
Xavier Janvier ◽  
Marie Archambault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mastitic Milk

The study reported in this Research Communication was conducted to characteriseStaphylococcus aureusisolates recovered from mastitic bovine milk from dairy herds in Argentina. A total of 829 mastitic milk samples, both clinical and subclinical, were collected from 21 farms by veterinarians and submitted to the laboratory for testing from which 229S. aureusisolates were recovered, an isolation rate of 28·1%. These isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Of the 229 isolates, 53 (23·1%) were resistant to penicillin, 31 (13·5%) to erythromycin and 28 (12·2%) to clindamycin. All isolates were negative for themecA,mecC andpvlgenes by PCR. Southernblot hybridisation revealed that theermC gene was located on plasmid bands. Eighty isolates were randomly selected from the 229 for further characterisation. Restriction analysis of chromosomal DNA with Cf9I followed by PFGE of the 80 isolates revealed 23 distinct pulsotypes at 80% similarity. Seven major types (A, B, N, P, S, T, U and V) accounted for 68·7% of these isolates and 12 pulsotypes (A, B, F, G, J, K, M, N, P, S, T and U) occurred on more than one farm indicating genetic diversity within the farms. MLST of a representative isolate from dominant types identified the STs 97 705, 746, 2102 and 2187 with ST97 being the most predominant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 53·7% of the 80 randomly selected isolates were resistant to at least one of the three antibiotics tested. To our knowledge, this study represents the first large scale molecular studies onS. aureusisolates from dairy farms in Argentina.

scholarly journals Identification of subclinical mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp. from screenings of bulk tanks

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1797
Author(s):  
S.F. Joaquim ◽  
F.F. Guimarães ◽  
A. Salina ◽  
N.B. Junqueira ◽  
E.N. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

ABSTRACT Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp., regardless of species, are considered highly contagious pathogens and, usually was not responsive to antimicrobial therapy. Five dairy herds, comprising 489 animals and 1,956 mammary glands, were used in this study. Milk samples were obtained from bulk tanks and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of Mollicutes, Mycoplasma spp., and Mycoplasma bovis. Moreover, individual samples from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in quarters of the dairy herds’ animals that yielded a positive PCR upon bulk tank analysis were subjected to molecular analysis. Only one bulk tank was positive for class Mollicutes by PCR. All positive samples classified as mastitis teats had their DNA extracted and tested by PCR for both class Mollicutes and M. bovis. Of these, two (2.08%) were positive for Mycoplasma genus, although none was positive for M. bovis. This result suggests that the PCR of bulk tanks is a viable tool in monitoring and preventing mastitis infections caused by Mycoplasma spp.

Effect of coagulase-negative staphylococci on somatic cell count in Dutch dairy herds

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otlis Sampimon ◽  
Bart HP van den Borne ◽  
Inge Santman-Berends ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Theo Lam
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples

The effect was quantified of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) intramammary infections on quarter- and cow-level somatic cell count (SCC) and on bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) in different BMSCC cohorts in Dutch dairy herds. Two datasets were used for this purpose. In the first dataset, on 49 randomly selected dairy farms a total of 4220 quarter milk samples of 1072 cows were collected of all cows and heifers with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 and ⩾150 000 cells/ml, respectively, and of 25% of cows and heifers below these thresholds. In the second dataset, on 39 selected dairy farms a total of 8329 quarter milk samples of 2115 cows were collected of all cows with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 cells/ml following two consecutive SCC <250 000 cells/ml, and of heifers using the same SCC criteria but with a threshold of 150 000 cells/ml. These cows and heifers were defined as new high SCC. In both datasets, CNS was the most frequently isolated pathogen, 11% in the first dataset and 12% in the second dataset. In both datasets, quarters with CNS IMI had a lower SCC than quarters infected with major pathogens, and a higher SCC than culture-negative quarters. The same was found for SCC at cow level. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were more often found in quarters with SCC ⩾200 000 cells/ml in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a higher BMSCC. Prevalence of CNS in cows and heifers with a high SCC was higher in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a medium or high BMSCC: 30, 19 and 18%, respectively. This indicates that CNS IMI as a cause of subclinical mastitis is relatively more important in dairy farms with a low BMSCC and may become a point of attention in udder health management on that type of farm.

scholarly journals Biofilm Compared to Conventional Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1546-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Wu ◽  
Yvonne C. W. Yau ◽  
Larissa Matukas ◽  
Valerie Waters
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTStenotrophomonas maltophiliais a multidrug-resistant organism increasingly isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One hundred twenty-fiveS. maltophiliaisolates from 85 CF patients underwent planktonic and biofilm susceptibility testing against 9 different antibiotics, alone and in double antibiotic combinations. WhenS. maltophiliaisolates were grown as a biofilm, 4 of the 10 most effective antibiotic combinations included high-dose levofloxacin and 7 of the 10 combinations included colistin at doses achievable by aerosolization.

Using milk leukocyte differentials for diagnosis of subclinical bovine mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Leonel Gonçalves ◽  
Roberta L. Lyman ◽  
Mitchell Hockett ◽  
Rudy Rodriguez ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Automated Instrument ◽  
Culture Positive

This research study aimed to evaluate the use of the milk leukocyte differential (MLD) to: (a) identify quarter milks that are culture-positive; and (b) characterize the milk leukocyte responses to specific groups of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis. The MLD measures the absolute number and relative percentage of inflammatory cells in milk samples. Using the MLD in two dairy herds (170 and 172 lactating cows, respectively), we studied all lactating cows with a most recent monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association somatic cell count (SCC) >200 × 103 cells/ml. Quarter milk samples from 78 cows meeting study criteria were analysed by MLD and aseptically collected milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture (MC). Based upon automated instrument evaluation of the number and percentage of inflammatory cells in milk, samples were designated as either MLD-positive or – negative for subclinicial mastitis. Positive MC were obtained from 102/156 (65·4%) of MLD-positive milk samples, and 28/135 (20·7%) of MLD-negative milk samples were MC-positive. When MC was considered the gold standard for mastitis diagnosis, the calculated diagnostic Se of the MLD was 65·4% (IC95% = 57·4 to 72·8%) and the Sp was 79·3% (IC95% = 71·4 to 85·7%). Quarter milks positive on MC had higher absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, with higher neutrophils% and lymphocytes% but lower macrophages%. The Log10 (N/L) ratios were the most useful ratio to differentiate specific subclinical mastitis quarters from healthy quarters. Use of the MLD on cows with monthly composite SCC > 200 × 103 cells/ml for screening at quarter level identified quarters more likely to be culture-positive.In conclusion, the MLD can provide an analysis of mammary quarter status more detailed than provided by SCC alone; however, the MLD response to subclinical mastitis was not found useful to specifically identify the causative pathogen.

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