scholarly journals The effect of light/dark cycles on performance and welfare in broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Ozkan ◽  
Ulku Gulcihan Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare a continuous lighting programme (23 hours of lighting (L) / 1 hour of darkness (D)) with intermittent lighting programmes (16L: 8D) and also to investigate the effects of the length of the dark cycle in the intermittent programme on the performance, carcass characteristics, water consumption, uniformity, metabolic parameters, and ammonia burns of chickens. Thus, five hundred Ross-308 male chicks were used. The 23L:1D was applied to the chicks for 7 days. On day 7, they were divided into four groups by balancing their live weight; group I: continuous 23L: 1D; group II: intermittent 4x (4L: 2D); group III: intermittent 2x (8L: 4D); group IV: continuous 16L: 8D. The study took place between days 7 and 42. At the end of the study, 10 chickens from each group were slaughtered, their carcass, blood, and bone properties were analysed. Body temperatures and ammonia burns were assessed for all broiler chickens. The mean live weight of group IV was the lowest. The difference among the groups in terms of live weight gains, feed intakes, feed conversion ratios, and survival rates was non-significant. Long-period darkness in group IV significantly dropped the water consumption. On day 21, group III’s best uniformity was calculated; but on day 42, the difference was non-significant. The highest breast ratio and the lowest wing ratio beloged to chicks in group I. Their free T4, glucose, and uric acid levels were lower; whilst their testosterone levels were higher. Body temperature and tibia ash levels were similar across all of the groups. The intermittent lighting programmes increased the number of ammonia burns. Consequently, the long-term darkness negatively affected both the chickens’ performance and well-being.

scholarly journals The effect of selenium source on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ševčíková ◽  
M. Skřivan ◽  
G. Dlouhá ◽  
M. Koucký
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group I

The effect of dietary supplementation of selenium in an organic form on performance, carcass traits and selenium content in tissues of broiler cockerels Ross 308 was studied. The soya-wheat-maize diet contained 50 mg vitamin E/kg. The experiment was conducted on 810 straight-run broiler cockerels randomly divided into 3 groups: group I – control, without selenium supplement; experimental group: II – 0.3 mg Se/kg, Se-enriched yeast was applied as a Se source; III – 0.3 mg Se/kg, Se-enriched alga Chlorella as a Se source. The broiler chickens were slaughtered at 42 days of age. In performance traits higher (P ≤ 0.05) live weight of broiler chickens was recorded in the experimental groups (II – 2 430.6 g and III – 2 425.2 g). There were no significant differences between the groups in feed conversion and mortality. Se-enriched alga had the best feed conversion, and selenium supplementation slightly increased mortality in both experimental groups. No significant differences between the groups were found out in carcass traits and dressing percentage. The content of selenium in breast and thigh muscle, feathers and excrements increased (P ≤ 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to the control group. Higher values in breast and thigh muscle and in feathers were measured in the group supplemented with selenium from Se-enriched yeast, also in comparison with the group supplemented with selenium from Se-enriched alga Chlorella. The broiler chickens receiving Chlorella had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) selenium content in excrements compared to the group with Se-enriched yeast. The selenium concentration in liver was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to the control. The supplement of selenium from Se-yeast and Chlorella in the diet for broiler chickens increased the microelement concentration in muscle.    

scholarly journals The effect of a clinoptilolite-based feed supplement on the performance of broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
V. Večerek ◽  
Z. Klouda ◽  
E. Kráčmarová
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Low Rate

The main objective of this research was to verify the effect of feed mixtures supplemented with clinoptilolite-containing ZeoFeed (at a level of 1% and 2%) on the performance traits of broiler chickens in the period of their growth. Experimental results confirmed a positive effect of clinoptilolite on the performance of chickens which was demonstrated by a highly significant increase in the average live weight (P ≤ 0.01) of broiler chickens at 40 days of age. The average live weight of broiler chickens was 2.24 kg (at a dose of 1%) and 2.28 kg (at a dose of 2%) with feed conversion of 1.84 kg (at a dose of 1%) and 1.95 kg (at a dose of 2%) while the average live weight of control broiler chickens was 2.12 kg with feed conversion of 1.83 kg. No differences between both groups were found in water consumption. Chickens in all monitored groups showed very good health and a very low rate of mortality (3.75% in control group, 1.25% at a dose of 1% and 3.75% at a dose of 2%). It follows from the experiments that the clinoptilolite-containing product may serve as a suitable feed supplement to feed mixtures for broiler chickens.  

Effectiveness of using a hybrid rye cultivar in feeding broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Maria Osek ◽  
Alicja Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hybrid Rye

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of hybrid rye in rations for broiler chickens. The study covered 160 chickens split into four equal groups [I (control), II, III, IV] and kept for 42 d. Rye was introduced into the above-mentioned diets as a partial substitute for maize in the following quantities: (I), no rye; (II), 5% rye in starter feed and 10% rye in grower and finisher feed; (III), 10% rye in starter feed and 20% rye in grower and finisher feed; (IV), 15% rye in starter feed and 30% rye in grower and finisher feed. During the 42 d rearing period, the most favourable body weight gain (P ≤ 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.01) were observed in chickens fed with rations containing the highest share of hybrid rye (group IV). The rye did not affect the dressing percentage and muscularity but diversified the fatness of birds. The muscles of chickens from group IV showed higher (P ≤ 0.01) red saturation and lower (P ≤ 0.01) yellow saturation and hue compared with the muscle of birds receiving diets with the lowest rye content (group I). The results of the study show that the inclusion of hybrid rye can be recommended in broiler chicken diets at a share of 15% in starter feed and 30% in grower and finisher feed, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of in ovo and pre-starter zinc and copper supplementation on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Bhagwan AWACHAT ◽  
Arumbackam Vijayarangam ELANGOVAN ◽  
Olajide Mark SOGUNLE ◽  
Corbon Godfrey DAVID ◽  
Jyotirmoy GHOSH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Group I

This experiment was on 350 uniform sized Cobb broiler hatching eggs (60 g) to assess the response of trace mineral supplementation (Zinc and copper) on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development in broiler chicken. The fertile eggs were divided into groups with in ovo trace mineral solution containing zinc (80 µg) and copper (16 µg) and without in ovo administration. After hatching, the chicks were further divided into four groups: Group I served as control without in ovo and without post-hatch supplemented diet (WoINOVO-WoPHS), birds in Group II were without in ovo and with post-hatch supplemented diet (WoINOVO-WPHS) (100 % higher level of zinc 200 ppm, copper 30 ppm in diet), birds in Group III had in ovo (zinc, 80 µg; copper,16 µg) and without post-hatch supplemented diet (WINOVO-WoPHS) and birds in Group IV had in ovo and with post-hatch supplemented diet (WINOVO-WPHS). Data collected were subjected to completely randomized design. Hatchability, live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio at 0–3 wk were not affected (p > 0.05) by in ovo administration of the mineral. Post-hatch supplementation of zinc and copper without in ovo supplementation showed better feed conversion ratio at 3–5 wk of age.  It could be recommended that for improved post-hatch performance, broiler chickens diets could be supplemented with inorganic zinc and copper.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bone–Implant Interface Stress and Strain Using Heterogeneous Mandibular Bone Properties Based on Different Empirical Correlations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Omran Hussein ◽  
Mohammed Suliman Alruthea
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Group I ◽  
Von Mises

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare methods used for calculating heterogeneous patient-specific bone properties used in finite element analysis (FEA), in the field of implant dentistry, with the method based on homogenous bone properties. Materials and Methods In this study, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography data of an edentulous patient were processed to create a finite element model, and five identical 3D implant models were created and distributed throughout the dental arch. Based on the calculation methods used for bone material assignment, four groups—groups I to IV—were defined. Groups I to III relied on heterogeneous bone property assignment based on different equations, whereas group IV relied on homogenous bone properties. Finally, 150 N vertical and 60-degree-inclined forces were applied at the top of the implant abutments to calculate the von Mises stress and strain. Results Groups I and II presented the highest stress and strain values, respectively. Based on the implant location, differences were observed between the stress values of group I, II, and III compared with group IV; however, no clear order was noted. Accordingly, variable von Mises stress and strain reactions at the bone–implant interface were observed among the heterogeneous bone property groups when compared with the homogenous property group results at the same implant positions. Conclusion Although the use of heterogeneous bone properties as material assignments in FEA studies seem promising for patient-specific analysis, the variations between their results raise doubts about their reliability. The results were influenced by implants’ locations leading to misleading clinical simulations.

scholarly journals Growth performance and fattening ability in castrated male and female East Balkan pigs reared organically in Strandzha mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Palova ◽  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract(An experiment with two groups of East Balkan pigs – castrated males (n=10) and females (n=10), was carried out to study the growth performance and fattening abilities of the animals from the weaning until slaughter. The pigs were included in the trial at 60 day age. The average live weight of the castrated males was 8. 65±1.08 kg and for the females, 8.5±0.62 kg.The pigs were reared using traditional technology, grazing on natural pastures in the Strandzha mountain, Bulgaria. In autumn, acorns were naturally present in their diet. According to the category, the animals additionally received ground organic feed (50% barley and 50% wheat). The trial lasted 304 days (from February to November, 2019). During this period the final live weight of the male castrated pigs reached 88.00 kg while that of the females was 84.4 kg. The difference, however, was not significant. Furthermore, no significant differences in the growth performance characteristics that could be attributed to the sex of the animals were observed. The average daily gain of both sexes tended to be lower in summer and higher in autumn. The feed conversion ratio was higher in summer. The animals showed high average daily weight gain at pasture when their live weight was over 50 kg.

scholarly journals The Influence of Resin Infiltration Pretreatment on Orthodontic Bonding to Demineralized Human Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3619
Author(s):  
Marina Simunovic Anicic ◽  
Cecilia Goracci ◽  
Jelena Juloski ◽  
Ivana Miletic ◽  
Senka Mestrovic
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Group I ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
The Difference

Prior research reveal that low-viscosity resin is able to significantly penetrate initial caries lesions, which leads to their stabilization. The objective of the present report is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesives to demineralized enamel treated with a low-viscosity resin infiltrant. It also aims to compare the achieved bond strengths to those achieved in relation to sound enamel (SE). A total of 48 newly extracted third molars were collected, distributed in four groups (n=12), covered with a nail varnish, with 4 x 4 mm of uncoated area, immersed in Buskes demineralizing solution (14 days, 37 °C) or remained untreated. Group I: SE + Transbond XT; Group II: demineralized enamel (DE) + ICON + Transbond XT; Group III: DE + ICON + Scotchbond Universal; Group IV: DE + ICON + Assure PLUS. SBS was quantified in megapascals (MPa) and statistically analyzed (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). The mode of failure was assessed microscopically (10 x magnification). The highest SBS detected was in Group IV, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 14.37; p = 0.000). Treatment with a resin infiltrant on DE does not impair the shear bond strength when compared to SE, although it does produce a significantly higher strength when combined with Assure PLUS.

scholarly journals The use of amaranth (genus AmaranthusL.) in the diets for broiler chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pisarikova ◽  
Z. Zraly ◽  
S. Kracmar ◽  
M. Trckova ◽  
I. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Amaranth Grain ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of our study was to test amaranth grain or dried biomass in the diet for broiler chickens as a resource of protein replacing animal protein. Further, the effect of amaranth on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were assessed in a feeding trial. The experimental groups of broilers were fed feed mixtures with crude amaranth grain (AC), heat processed amaranth grain (AP) or dried above-ground biomass (AB). Control groups (C) received the diet containing animal proteins. The results obtained in the experimental groups of broiler chickens can be compared to the control group in all the production indicators under investigation. On day 42 of the experiment, live weight (g) of female broilers ranged from 2 205.1 ± 152.5 (AP) to 2 254.0 ± 136.5 (C), and that of male broilers from 2 375.1 ± 233.0 (AC) to 2 506.0 ± 286.0 (C). Feed conversion ranged from 1.80 kg in control group of male broiler chickens to 1.91 kg in experimental group of male broilers (AB). Percentage yield in female broiler chickens ranged from 70.8 ± 1.74 (AB) to 72.4 ±3.34(AC) or 72.4 ± 1.98 (C), and in male broilers from 72.8 ±3.55(AP) to 75.1 ±2.44(AB). Our results showed that amaranth can fully replace meat-and-bone meals in the diets for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Cleoneide Dos Santos Henrique ◽  
Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira ◽  
Thales Silva Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Santos Silva ◽  
Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.

Further observations on the effects of growth checks in pigs of 50 lb. live-weight and over

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Large White ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gut Fill

Forty-eight individually-fed Large White pigs, initially 10 weeks of age, were used to test the effects of growth checks induced by severe restriction of feed intake. The checks were imposed at 50 lb. or 100 lb. live-weight and lasted for 5 weeks, during which live-weight gains averaged only 1·6 lb. and 4·1 lb. per pig, respectively. The daily feed allowances of the unchecked controls and of other pigs while not on check were according to a fixed scale based on live-weight. All pigs were slaughtered as their individual weights reached 200 lb. and a number of measurements were made on the carcasses.Excluding the period of the check, efficiency of feed conversion and rate of gain were better for pigs checked at 50 lb. than for the controls. The difference in age at a given weight caused by the check was narrowed by about 6 days at the end of the experiment. Indications of a similar compensation in growth of pigs checked at 100 lb. were mostly explained by the rapid growth of these pigs before 100 lb. and by the sudden increase i n their weight at the end of the check period which was probably due to increased gut fill.A check at 50 lb. or 100 lb. did not affect either the specific gravity of the carcass, which was taken as an indication of the overall proportion of lean to fat, the area of ‘eye’ muscle, the depth of backfat over the shoulder, the thickness of streak or the Danish ‘slight of lean’ measurement, but the check at 50 lb. increased the thickness of fat at position (1) over the ‘eye’ muscle. Both checks increased the minimum thickness of back fat in females but not in castrates and reduced the average rump fat in castrates but not in females. It was concluded that the checks did not affect carcass composition although they probably caused changes in the distribution of the backfat.

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