scholarly journals An Assessment of Vehicular Emissions and Related Health Impacts along Ilorin-Lagos Highway in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Modinah A.O. Abdul Raheem ◽  
Kamaldeen O. Ajayi ◽  
Olanrewaju A. Awoyemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Ambient Pollution ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Window Condition

AbstractThis paper assessed in-vehicle and ambient pollution levels from vehicles along Ilorin-Lagos highway covering three distinct 3-hour periods (morning, afternoon and evening) of the day (from 7.30 am to 6.30 pm) along with reported health challenges at six (6) settlements (SP1-SP6) that covered four (4) states. In the case of ambient pollution, Gilair-3 air sampler (GAS) was used to measure sulphur (iv) oxide, (SO2) while ALTAIR 5x Multi-gas Detector (AMD) was used to measure both carbon (ii) oxide, (CO) and sulphur (iv) oxide, (SO2) for all scenarios. Vehicular volume was manually conducted to determine the number of vehicles. Questionnaire was used to assess information on the health challenges faced by the commuters. The concentrations of SO2 ranged from 0.142 - 0.550 ppm (ambient) and 0.037 - 0.097 ppm (in vehicle) using AMD and GAS respectively while CO concentration was between 2.289 - 18.055 ppm using AMD. The results for the in- vehicular pollution revealed that the concentration levels obtained for CO and SO2 inside the vehicles were 6.32 ppm and 0.126 ppm under opened-window condition and 9.53 ppm and 0.274 ppm under closed-window condition respectively (without air condition). The SO2 concentrations obtained from both ambient and in-vehicle were found to be much higher when compared with the FEPA standards; SO2 (0.01 – 0.1 ppm), USEPA standards; SO2 (0.075 ppm) while the CO level obtained from in-vehicle under the two scenarios (opened and closed windows) were below the limit of NESREA standards (10 – 20 ppm) and USEPA standards (35 ppm). Having noticed that these pollutants act under different environmental conditions, the work established statistical evidence that traffic volume affected the pollutants concentrations at most of the sampling points and that the higher the traffic, the higher the emissions and the more the risk of health challenges.

Effect of Automotive Emissions on Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Alpana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Automotive Emissions ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Co Concentration

Vehicular emissions are creating major problems to the urban residents following by health impacts. According to WHO, Gwalior ranks second in the most air polluted city in India. The study is carried out to estimate automotive emissions, health effects, and estimation of health damage cost. Seven major junctions have been identified in which the highest peak hour PCU is observed at Bada (13,859) followed by Railway Station and Gole ka Mandir which accounts for through as well as destined traffic of whole city. According to the BS Norms, reduction in emission is calculated for different a pollutant, which shows 40.02Kg of CO concentration in BS III which reduces to 20.06 Kg in BSVI. Lastly, health damage cost for different Norms has been calculated which shows Rs.4938.54 for BSIII & Rs.467.33 for BS VI under low cost scenario. Health damage cost under high cost scenario for BS III shares Rs.68436.63 and Rs.6424.64 for BSVI. Introduction of cleaner fuels, maintenance of vehicles, and regular inspection of vehicles should be done to improve the quality of life of people.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ROADSIDE PLANT (MANGIFERA INDICA,L)EXPOSED TO VEHICULAR POLLUTION IN INDORE CITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO M .L. B. COLLEGE , KILABHAVAN INDORE (M.P.) INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Saroj Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The Many

The present study gives an idea of changes taking place in plants morphology. Under the influence of urban air pollution. By the many activities of man, the composition and complex nature of environment gets changed. These activities include industrialization, population explosion construction, and transportation. In cities vehicles are major contributors of air pollution. The vehicular emissions have a very harmful effect on the ecology.The important parameters like pH, chlorophyll, Biomass, Leaf area which help study of vehicular pollution in Industrial area.

scholarly journals Fishing in Salty Waters: Poverty, Occupational Saline Exposure, and Women’s Health in the Indian Sundarban

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Susmita Dasgupta ◽  
David Wheeler ◽  
Santadas Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Indian Sundarban ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Care Demands

Collecting wild tiger prawn seedlings, also known as prawn post-larvae (PL), from rivers and creeks is an important occupation for more than 100,000 poor women in India’s Sundarban estuarine delta. Prawn PL collecting requires many hours of immersion in saline river water. This paper uses a large household survey to explore the determinants of poor women’s engagement in this occupation and the health impacts. The results reveal high significance for two variables: (i) the opportunity wage, proxied by years of education and (ii) child-care demands, proxied by the household child-dependency ratio. Together, these variables are sufficient to distinguish between women who have no engagement with prawn PL collecting and those with many years of engagement. The probability of self-reported health problems is also significantly higher for women with more saline exposure from prawn PL collecting and whose drinking water is from tube wells with higher salinity.

The Impact of The Pico Y Placa Policy On Fine Particulate Matter In Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yovitza Romero ◽  
Priyanka deSouza ◽  
Fabio Duarte ◽  
Patrick Kinney ◽  
Carlo Ratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract Lima has been ranked among the top most polluted cities in the Americas. Vehicular emissions are the dominant source of pollution in the city. In order to reduce congestion and pollution levels during the XVIII Pan- and Parapan-American Games, Lima government officials enacted the pico y placa policy to restrict the number of vehicles on certain heavily trafficked roads in the city at rush hours between Monday to Thursday based on the last digit of their license plates. This policy was retained after the Games. In this paper we evaluate the impact of this policy on fine particulate matter concentration levels (PM2.5) at a background site in the city using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that the policy resulted in increases on PM2.5 levels on Monday-Thursday compared to Friday-Sunday levels after the policy was enacted, compared to previous years. However, such an increase was not significant. These results suggest the need for additional policies to reduce pollution due to traffic in Lima. It also suggests the need to track the response to this policy over time to evaluate its efficacy.

scholarly journals Risk and Resilience: How Is the Health of Older Adults and Immigrant People Living in Canada Impacted by Climate- and Air Pollution-Related Exposures?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10575
Author(s):  
McKenzie H. Tilstra ◽  
Ishwar Tiwari ◽  
Leigh Niwa ◽  
Sandra Campbell ◽  
Charlene C. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Background: In the rapidly shifting Canadian climate, an ageing population, and increased migration, a greater understanding of how local climate and air pollution hazards impact older adults and immigrant populations will be necessary for mitigating and adapting to adverse health impacts. Objectives: To explore the reported health impacts of climate change and air pollution exposures in older adults and immigrant people living in Canada, identify known factors influencing risk and resilience in these populations and gaps in the literature. Methods: We searched for research focused on older adults and immigrants living in Canada, published from 2010 onward, where the primary exposures were related to climate or air pollution. We extracted data on setting, exposures, health outcomes, and other relevant contextual factors. Results and Discussion: We identified 52 eligible studies, most focused in Ontario and Quebec. Older people in Canada experience health risks due to climate and air pollution exposures. The extent of the risk depends on multiple factors. We found little information about the climate- and air pollution-related health impacts experienced by immigrant communities. Conclusions: Further research about climate- and air pollution-related exposures, health, and which factors promote or reduce resiliency in Canada’s older adults and immigrant communities is necessary.

Evaluation of vehicular pollution levels using line source model for hot spots in Muscat, Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (25) ◽  
pp. 31184-31201
Author(s):  
Patrick Amoatey ◽  
Hamid Omidvarborna ◽  
Mahad Said Baawain ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Line Source Model

scholarly journals Encapsulation Process and Materials Evaluation for E-Textile Gas Sensor

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ashwini Valavan ◽  
Komolafe ◽  
Harris ◽  
Beeby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Exposure Levels

The degree of pollution in the environment increases because of the vehicular emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gases. To minimize the exposure levels, it is necessary for individuals to be able to determine for themselves the pollution levels of the environments they are in so that they can take the necessary precautions. Textile-based gas sensors are an emerging solution and this paper furthers the concept by investigating a novel method for encapsulating gas sensors in textiles. While encapsulation is required to improve the durability and lifetime of the sensors, it essential for their operation that the encapsulants do not reduce the sensitivity of the gas sensor. This paper investigates the selectivity of two different flexible and breathable thermoplastic encapsulants (Platilon®U and Zitex G-104) for sensing carbon monoxide by observing the sensor response with and without the encapsulants. Results show that while the encapsulants both enable the sensor to still function, Platilon®U reduces the sensor sensitivity, whereas Zitex G-104 has very little effect.

Protecting China's children: valuing the health impacts of reduced air pollution in Chinese cities

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. MEAD ◽  
VICTOR BRAJER
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Visits

As China advances its overall program of economic development, many Chinese cities consistently suffer from unhealthy levels of air pollution. One of the groups most affected is children. This paper provides some quantification regarding the extent of various morbidity costs upon children in portions of urban China. Using China-based health-effects and valuation studies, the authors project, and value in dollar figures, the number of averted cases of childhood colds, bronchitis, asthma, and respiratory-related hospital visits resulting from a lowering of air pollution levels. The results indicate that these child morbidity benefits may be substantial, with a mid-range value of nearly $3.5 billion over the period 2002–2011.

scholarly journals NO2 Concentration in Banepa Valley, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽  
V Krishna Murthy ◽  
Sanjay Nath Khanal ◽  
Dhiraj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Commercial Area

This study comprised of air quality monitoring during the day time at three municipalities of Banepa, Dhulikhel and Panauti(Known as Banepa Valley) in Kavre district of Nepal. The study was conducted in order to establish a baseline air quality data for those municipalities as the first time ever in the district. In each of those municipalities three air monitoring stations were established representing predominant industrial, commercial and residential areas. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) had been estimated from air sampling programme which spanned 7 months and a total of 126 days reflecting winter, premonsoon and monsoon seasons. Low Volume Air (LVA) Sampler and Personal air sampler were used for sampling. UV spectrophotometer was used for estimation of the NO2. The study found that during winter season the concentration of NO2 was more and among the areas commercial area found to be highest level pollution. The over all mean, minimum and maximum level of NO2 was found to be 24.62μg/m3, 11.26μg/m3, 91.20μg/m3 in the Banepa valley. The seasonal trend in pollution levels show that winter > pre-monsoon > monsoon. The pollution concentration trend noted among the areas was commercial > industrial > residential on almost all the occasions. This finding conclude that, most of the time NO2 level are below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guideline representing little risk at present in Banepa Valley however commercial area of Banepa is more polluted and is associated with higher NO2 concentration compared to other areas. Keywords: NO2, Nepal, Banepa, air quality, personal air sampler DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v4i1.2878 Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.4, No.1, September 2008, pp 1-11

scholarly journals Covid-19 Lockdown in Spring 2020 in France Provided Unexpected Opportunity to Assess Health Impacts of Falls in Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Adélaïde ◽  
Sylvia Medina ◽  
Vérène Wagner ◽  
Perrine de Crouy-Chanel ◽  
Elsa Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pollution Levels

Lockdown measures to limit the spread of Covid-19 in France in spring 2020 sharply reduced activities and lowered air-pollution concentrations. This study sought to determine the short- and long-term impacts on mortality in metropolitan France resulting from the temporary decrease in the population's exposure to air pollution. The reduction in exposure to air pollution was estimated by calculating the difference between modeled exposure of the population during the strict lockdown and the gradual lifting, and the simulated exposure that would have been observed in the absence of lockdown. A quantitative health impact assessment was used to estimate both the short-term impact of PM10 and NO2 reductions, and the long-term impact of PM2.5 and NO2 reductions on mortality. Reduced activities during the lockdown lowered NO2 and PM concentrations, resulting in about 2,300 deaths postponed for PM2.5 and nearly 1,200 for NO2, mainly due to avoided long-term effects. This study shows that, even in an unprecedented context that is certainly neither realistic nor desirable to improve air quality in the long run, public interventions appear to have a significant impact on health through reductions in air-pollution levels. In a long-term perspective, the study also reminds us that the total burden of air pollution on health remains a significant risk factor in France. Efforts to reduce ambient air pollution must thus be pursued sustainably for all sources of air pollution with suitably adapted but ambitious policies. Finally, the lockdown restrictions had other consequences, both positive and negative, on the population's health. These consequences highlight the need to conduct more integrated assessments of health impacts that include the multisectoral consequences of interventions, particularly in terms of population compliance with mitigating restrictions, behavior and mental health and, more broadly, climate change.

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