scholarly journals Determinants of farmland prices and their local variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changro Lee
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Median Proportion ◽  
Farmland Prices ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The setting of farmland prices in the market not only reflects existing agricultural activities but also expected potential for development. This study decomposes farmland prices into values representative of current agricultural production and the prospective development potential at the county level in South Korea. The income value of farmland is derived by analysing agricultural revenue and production cost, and the sale value of farmland is estimated by reviewing transaction prices filed with the administrative authority. The difference between income value and sale value is adopted as the development value in this study. The results of the estimation show that the proportion of development value in the price of farmland is remarkably high, with a median proportion of 0.78, indicating that the threat of converting land to non-agricultural use is non-trivial because it remains a financially attractive alternative. In addition, the magnitude of the portion of the development value in the price of farmland varies considerably across counties depending on the distance to nearby metropolitan cities. This implies that agricultural policy should be designed in a locally optimised manner to effectively restrain the conversion of farmland for urban use.

scholarly journals Effect of water features proximity on farmland prices in a landlocked country: the consequences for planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sekáč ◽  
M. Šálek ◽  
A. Wranová ◽  
P. Kumble ◽  
P. Sklenička
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Real Estate Brokers ◽  
Farmland Prices ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Resources Planning ◽  
Significant Factors

Conversion of farmland to non-farm uses significantly influences the spatial variability of farmland prices. We tested 12 factors of land prices that experienced real estate brokers indicated to be the most important determinants for the conversion of farmland to non-agricultural use. Five factors can be described as landscape, four as geographic, and three as climatic explanatory variables influencing farmland prices. Our results indicate that the two most powerful factors in explaining the sales price per square metre were proximity to a river and proximity to a lake. In both cases, the price of land diminished significantly with the increasing distance from the edge of water bodies, so the prices in their immediate vicinity are 3.5 to 3.7 times higher than the prices of similar lands more than 5 km from the edge of a water body. The other significant factors were population size of the nearest municipality and percentage representation of forest. The fact that the two most powerful factors indicate the distance to a river, brook, lake or pond shows how important are these freshwater features as determinants of farmland prices in a landlocked country such as the Czech Republic, where this study was performed. The consequences of this finding for water resources planning and management are discussed.

Contribution of agricultural and non-agricultural use of pesticides to the environmental impact on aquatic life in regional surface water systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Jongbloed ◽  
J.H.J. Hulskotte ◽  
C. Kempenaar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Active Substances

By means of a modelling tool an analysis was made of the local variation in the use of pesticides in the province of Utrecht in The Netherlands, and the potential environmental impact of pesticide emissions on the aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the major sources of pesticide use and environmental impact, taking the regional variation of pesticide use into account. The analysis was targeted at different levels: detailed (individual active substances, individual agricultural crops, civil land-use types, hydrological catchment basins) and globally covering agricultural use, non-agricultural use (some civil sectors) and recreational shipping. The results can be used for the (re)design of environmental monitoring programmes of pesticides in surface waters and for the development of region based policies towards sustainable pesticide use. The analysis tool that was developed is considered to be applicable for other regions as well.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Exchanges: Testing the Hypothesis of a Country without Agricultural Production

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 784-790
Author(s):  
M.-F. Slak ◽  
L. Commagnac ◽  
P. Pointereau ◽  
S. Larbouret ◽  
C. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Nitrogen Excess ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Today, finding data on agricultural nitrogen balances is quite easy. Calculations of such balances are carried out by most of the European countries as an indicator of environmental pollution attributable to the agricultural sector. In France, average values of agricultural nitrogen balances show an excess of 1.5 to 2 million tons of nitrogen. This excess is enormous. What would the balance of a country be if agricultural activity were stopped? In the following article, a country (France is used as an example) without agriculture is studied in order to assess its nitrogen balance. Using a previously published model describing nitrogen input and output of a given country, nitrogen flows are identified. Inputs include deposition, fixation, and products not intended for agricultural use. Outputs are reduced to zero if agriculture disappears (in France, agriculture is the only sector exporting products containing nitrogen). All flows are calculated considering the hypothesis of disappearance of agriculture. Nitrogen requirements to feed people and pets in France are estimated based on medical and veterinary data (recommended daily amounts for proteins and/or usual average consumption). Indeed, most of the food that nourishes the French population is produced nationally. If agriculture stops, it will be necessary to import food from foreign countries. Results show an unexpectedly high excess (for a country without agriculture having a structure similar to France: number of human beings and pets) of 1.5 million tons of nitrogen. An attempt to calculate an agricultural balance with the same data gives a result close to 3 million tons. Differences in French agricultural balances found in the literature can mainly be explained by values taken into account for deposition and fixation (values used here are at least 300,000 tons higher than values used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). In conclusion, nitrogen excess in agriculture is partly due to social demand; agriculture does not only produce food but also includes many other functions (landscape management, employment, and preservation of culture, for example). As a consequence, efforts that do not involve suppressing agriculture should be made to figure out alternative ways of production.

scholarly journals Abandonment or Regeneration and Re-Use? Factors Affecting the Usage of Farm Premises in Different Social Spaces of the Rural

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9124
Author(s):  
Josef Navrátil ◽  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Kamil Pícha ◽  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Use Factors

Nearly every village in Central and Eastern European countries with heavily collectivized agriculture has its collective farm premises that encompass substantial parts of the village area, were built in the sixties, and now are unable to be used in former ways. The aim of the paper is to identify indicators that are relevant for spatial disparities in the utilization of agricultural premises thirty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain. The location and its area of all pre-1989 rural farm premises within two NUTS 3 regions of the Czech Republic with its current uses were identified, and differences in present uses were tested against agri-natural and socio-economic characteristics (of the municipalities where rural farm premises are located) obtained from national databases. From a global point of view, socio-economic characteristics of municipalities were found to be exceedingly more important than agri-natural—thus, changing of uses is rather dependent on socio-economic context than on geographical preconditions of agriculture. Surprisingly, agricultural use or re-use can be primarily found in municipalities not suitable for intensive agriculture located in the fodder crops and potatoes areas of agricultural production with the highest shares of permanent grassland on agricultural land. On the other hand, areas with the best preconditions for agriculture tend to re-use former farm premises for non-agricultural production.

scholarly journals The Strategic Dimension of the Straits Area According to the New National Metropolitan Spatial Planning and to the European Space: Strategic Corridor Platform Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Moraci
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

For some time now, following the constitutional reform, the debate on the metropolitan city has been reignited. The topic has been at the centre of attention given that cohesion policies attribute to metropolitan cities a key role in planning and the constitutional reform seems to have given an answer to the spending review which wipes out the provinces and formally identifies the European Strategy under the form of a programmatic suitability of intermediate metropolitan level. This level should counterbalance the municipal egoism which provides a distorted interpretation of subsidiarity which has marked planning since the revising of Title V. Very few are acquainted with the implications and complexities of these entangled mechanisms which will fail if all conditions are not met whether they be effective, nominal or opportunity related. This explains why the term Metropolitan City is preferred to conurbation, agglomeration or metropolitan area. Metropolitan Area and City do not coincide the area is in a portion of territorial recognition which entails attractive and competitive factors, the city is identified as such only if within the territorial organization that explains why the creation of both must be ensured: the city must be promoted in terms of competition, with or without a demographic dimension, by fostering the shared political project and by creating relational and productive conditions to attract and offer services and what else is necessary. What makes the difference is how to build and what to build. The strategy and the role of the future Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria and Messina stem from two different regulations and from the attempt to integrate interregional functions through the project I put forward: the strategic corridor platform of the Straits area. The platform is a non-confined territorial dimension which encompasses the two metropolitan cities and shares relational functions and understandings with the vast territory. It fully exploits the possibilities and available reforms in order to organize and provide the territory with competitive and functional dimensions so as to compete in Europe and in the Mediterranean. The prototype-project, the first part of the study has already been published, fosters an idea of governance and urban system which will devise, through future cohesion policies and multidimensional strategies, a single strategic vision of the territory able to dialogue at a local and Euro-Mediterranean level with the new scale economies and meet the challenges of 2020-2050. Without going into detail, the project proposes and organizes the intangible functions of the Area (new assets and networking) so as to satisfy the demand for services and infrastructures physical and non-physical (functional and international indicator).

scholarly journals The Nitrogen Balancing Act: Tracking the Environmental Performance of Food Production

BioScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L McLellan ◽  
Kenneth G Cassman ◽  
Alison J Eagle ◽  
Peter B Woodbury ◽  
Shai Sela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Farmers, food supply-chain entities, and policymakers need a simple but robust indicator to demonstrate progress toward reducing nitrogen pollution associated with food production. We show that nitrogen balance—the difference between nitrogen inputs and nitrogen outputs in an agricultural production system—is a robust measure of nitrogen losses that is simple to calculate, easily understood, and based on readily available farm data. Nitrogen balance provides farmers with a means of demonstrating to an increasingly concerned public that they are succeeding in reducing nitrogen losses while also improving the overall sustainability of their farming operation. Likewise, supply-chain companies and policymakers can use nitrogen balance to track progress toward sustainability goals. We describe the value of nitrogen balance in translating environmental targets into actionable goals for farmers and illustrate the potential roles of science, policy, and agricultural support networks in helping farmers achieve them.

scholarly journals Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of Carbon Emission Intensity of Agriculture Production in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7541
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Pang ◽  
Hengji Li ◽  
Chengpeng Lu ◽  
Chenyu Lu ◽  
Xingpeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Carbon Emission Intensity ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
The Difference

The study of the carbon emission intensity of agricultural production is of great significance for the formulation of a rational agricultural carbon reduction policy. This paper examines the regional differences, spatial–temporal pattern and dynamic evolution of the carbon emission intensity of agriculture production from 1991 to 2018 through the Theil index and spatial data analysis. The results are shown as follows: The overall differences in carbon emission intensity of agriculture production presents a slightly enlarging trend, while the inter-regional differences in carbon emissions intensity is decreasing, but the intra-regional difference of carbon emissions intensity presented an expanding trend. The difference in carbon emission intensity between the eastern and central regions is not obvious, and the difference in carbon emission intensity in the western region shows a fluctuating and increasing trend. The overall differences caused by intra-regional differences; the average annual contribution of intra-regional differences is 67.84%, of which the average annual contribution of western region differences is 64.24%. The carbon emission intensity of agricultural production in China shows a downward trend, with provinces with high carbon emission intensity remaining stable, while provinces with low intensity are expanding. The Global Moran’s I index indicates that China’s carbon emission intensity of agricultural production shows a clear trend of spatial aggregation. The agglomeration trend of high agricultural carbon emission remains stable, and the overall pattern of agricultural carbon emission intensity shows a pattern of increasing differentiation from east to west.

Knowledge spillovers as a factor of innovative development and the effectiveness of agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278-1296
Author(s):  
A.M. Nosonov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regional Programs

Subject. The article discusses how the diffusion of innovation, as a factor of the innovative growth in agriculture, influenced the effectiveness of agricultural production as a result of the spatial spillover of agricultural knowledge. Objectives. I identify and study spatial patterns of knowledge spillovers in agriculture as a factor of the innovative development and food security of the country. Methods. The study involves the bibliometric analysis and geoinformation modeling. Results. The study is the first to analyze how knowledge spillovers in agriculture may influence the effectiveness of agricultural production. I show where agricultural patents are localized geographically, and indicate the main regions of their citations. I sorted out types of the regions by innovative function, which enabled me to pinpoint three types of regions, such as creative, creative recipients and recipients. Referring to the three types, I traced the difference in the effectiveness of agriculture. Conclusions and Relevance. In agriculture, knowledge spillovers cause the diffusion of innovation in a hierarchical and network manner. The outcome is indicative of spatial patterns of patent activities and agricultural knowledge spillovers influencing the innovative development and effectiveness of agriculture, which is an important factor of agricultural production growth and food security of the country. The findings can be used to outline regional programs for the socio-economic development to substantiate what innovation may be implemented in agriculture.

A Classroom Experiment on the Benefit of Auditing in Financial Markets

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Boylan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Classroom Experiment ◽  
Typical Sequence

In this paper, I discuss a classroom experiment that can be used to illustrate how auditing can impact investor behavior and financial market performance by providing assurance on the quality of financial information. In particular, the experiment demonstrates that auditing can influence security prices and investment portfolio compositions in a way that benefits investors and lowers the cost of capital for firms. The experiment complements the material in auditing texts by creating an environment where students can directly observe how auditing influences investor behavior in a set of financial markets in which students trade securities based on the contents of a financial report. The simplicity of the experiment, its relatively short duration, and the formal inclusion of financial reporting make it a particularly attractive alternative for those who wish to utilize an auditing experiment in their classes. In the experiment, students trade securities in a sequence of markets in which financial information pertaining to security values is made public. The quality of the information depends on whether it was audited, and varies from market to market. Data on transaction prices, security holdings, and investor profits from a typical sequence of markets are presented, as are a series of discussion topics designed to illustrate how to use the experiment and related data to address a variety of auditing-related issues.

scholarly journals Smart Waste Management under Smart City Mission – Its Implementation and Ground Realities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3095-3103
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Available Technology

This paper is looking the smart waste management under smart city mission. What are the objectives of smart waste management? Are people aware of it? Also try to understand the implementation of waste management from small town to the metropolitan city by the local government, NGO’s of that city as well as peoples of that city. Metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Pune, Indore, Mysore, Bangalore, etc. As we are seeing facing a lot of issues for the implementation of waste management. Therefore from this paper, I want to see what are the new solutions smart ideas are setting up those cities municipalities for waste management which is one of the neglected topic as well as issue. Smart waste management concept nowadays emerges a new phenomenon and it is mostly applied in the Metropolitan cities where the production of the waste is high and management of waste and awareness about the waste management in between the people is very low. Smart waste management helps to reduce the waste, create waste to energy source also it helps to keep the environment clean and neat. All the city’s urban local bodies depending upon the available technology have to spend the money and innovate the new concept of waste management that is the main purpose of smart waste management. This paper is based on the secondary as well as primary data. Secondary data took from the newspaper, article, etc. And primary data based on the observation and survey that did in 2016 and recent in Mumbai. At the end in the discussion try to show the difference between small-town waste management and Metropolitan cities challenges and how to manage it and then gave the recommendation for solid waste management improvement.

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