scholarly journals Defense manifestations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Ricinus communis L. exposed to lead in hydroponics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boda Ravi Kiran ◽  
M.N.V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Pb Stress ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Inorganic Pollutant

Abstract Lead (Pb) is a major inorganic pollutant with no biological significance and has been a global concern. Phytotoxicity of lead induces toxic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibits most of the cellular processes in plants. Hydro-ponic experiments were performed with Ricinus communis to investigate the toxicity and antioxidant responses by exposing to different concentrations of lead (0, 200 and 400 µM) for 10 days. Pb stress caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) and a decrease in the elemental profile of the plant. Histochemical visualization clearly indicates the significant increase of H2O2 production in dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. Likewise, an increase in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity was also evident. Ascorbate peroxidase and MDAR, on the other hand, responded biphasically to Pb treatments showing a decrease in concentration. The decline in redox ratio GSH/GSSG was imposed by the indirect oxidative stress of Pb. Hence these findings showed the ameliorative potential of R. communis to sustain Pb toxicity under oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Imran Mallhi ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Asim Mansha ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Sadia Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Pb Toxicity ◽  
Pb Stress

Lead (Pb) toxicity has a great impact in terms of toxicity towards living organisms as it severely affects crop growth, yield, and food security; thus, warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Pb polluted soils. Phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention. Thus, this study examines the possible influence of citric acid (CA) on unveiling the potential phytoextraction of Pb by using castor beans. For this purpose, different levels of Pb (0, 300, 600 mg kg−1 of soil) and CA (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) were supplied alone and in all possible combinations. The results indicate that elevated levels of Pb (especially 600 mg kg−1 soil) induce oxidative stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malanodialdehyde (MDA) production in plants. The Pb stress reduces the photosynthetic traits (chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters) in the tissues of plants (leaves and roots), which ultimately lead to a reduction in growth as well as biomass. Enzyme activities such as guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are also linearly increased in a dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. The exogenous application of CA reduced the Pb toxicity in plants by improving photosynthesis and, ultimately, plant growth. The upsurge in antioxidants against oxidative stress shows the potential of CA-treated castor beans plants to counteract stress injuries by lowering H2O2 and MDA levels. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CA treatments play a promising role in increasing the uptake of Pb and reducing its phytotoxicity. These outcomes recommend that CA application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Pb from polluted soils by growing castor beans.

scholarly journals Changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings exposed to cadmium and lead stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjendu K. Dey ◽  
Jayashree Dey ◽  
Sanjukta Patra ◽  
Debasmita Pothal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pb Stress ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Root Tissues

Wheat seedlings were grown in presence of CdCl2 (0-200 µM) and Pb(NO3)2 (0-2000 µM) separately. The growth of metal-treated seedlings was significantly depressed. The activities of antioxidative enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POX) were altered both in root and shoot tissues of 7-d-old seedlings. Under Cd stress, SOD activity in roots was undetectable even at the lowest Cd concentration (50 µM) whereas in shoots it declined sharply with increasing Cd levels. The activity of CAT declined to a greater extent in roots than in shoots. Even though the POX activity increased nine times in shoots, a decreasing trend was observed in root tissues due to Cd stress. Under Pb stress, the induction in SOD activity and decline in CAT activity were sharper in root tissues than in their shoot counterparts. The POX activity increased both in roots and shoots under Pb stress. Malondialdehyde concentration increased in both roots and shoots of Cd- and Pb-treated seedlings. The results suggest that metal toxicity was associated with oxidative stress. The decline in CAT activity may be the probable reason behind the Cd- and Pb-induced oxidative stress, since the alterations in SOD and POX activities showed different trends under these metal stresses.

scholarly journals Auxin-like compounds act as protectors against UV-B irradiation in garden pea plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskren Sergiev ◽  
Dessislava Todorova ◽  
Elena Shopova ◽  
Zornitsa Katerova ◽  
Jurga Jankauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractPretreatment with the original auxin physiological analogues 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxicarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chlormethylate (TA-14) and subsequent UV-B irradiation (180 min at λmax 312 nm for 6.6 kJ·m−2) of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated to assess if foliar application of these compounds has ability to attenuate the negative effects caused by UV-B stress. UV-B treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline levels as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities, but decreased hydrogen peroxide, low-molecular thiols, total phenolics and total soluble protein contents. The pre-treatment with TA compounds decreased the oxidative stress provoked by UV-B radiation detected by lower level of MDA, increased the content of thiols and UV-absorbing compounds and had favourable effect on H2O2 content and enzymatic activities. Exogenous application of auxin-like compounds on pea plantlets successfully counteracted UV-B induced oxidative stress via activation of ROS detoxifying enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzyme Activities as Biomarkers of Cu and Pb Stress in Centella asiatica

Stresses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Chee Kong Yap ◽  
Wen Siang Tan ◽  
Koe Wei Wong ◽  
Ghim Hock Ong ◽  
Wan Hee Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pb Stress

The present study investigated the antioxidant enzyme activities (AEA) of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as biomarkers of Cu and Pb stress by using Centella asiatica grown in an experimental hydroponic condition. The results showed (i) higher accumulations of Cu and Pb in the roots of C. asiatica than those in the leaves, (ii) synergistic effects of Cu and Pb stress at higher metal-level exposures, and (iii) Cu and Pb stress triggered the increment of APX, CAT, GPX, and SOD levels in both the leaves and roots of C. asiatica. The increment of four AEA indicated that C. asiatica underwent oxidative stress caused by the production of reactive oxygen species when the plant was exposed to Cu and Pb. In order to prevent damages caused by Cu and Pb stress, the AEA system was heightened in C. asiatica, in which APX, CAT, GPX, and SOD can be used as biomarkers of Pb and Cu stress in the plant.

scholarly journals Expressão gênica diferencial em genótipos de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) submetidos a déficit hídrico induzido por PEG

Bragantia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Favoretto Moraes ◽  
Daiane Mariele De Laat ◽  
Marina Erê Almeida Hummel Pimenta Santos ◽  
Carlos Augusto Colombo ◽  
Tammy Kiihl
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

A mamoneira é uma cultura de relevância econômica e social no Brasil e no mundo. O óleo produzido por suas sementes, composto principalmente pelo ácido ricinoleico, é estratégico para as indústrias de lubrificantes, cosméticos, polímeros, dentre outras. Embora a mamoneira seja considerada tolerante à seca, a ausência de chuvas no período da floração pode reduzir a produtividade da planta. Respostas diferenciais ao déficit hídrico na espécie têm sido observadas em acessos de bancos de germoplasma e entre cultivares comerciais. Com intuito de conhecer melhor os mecanismos fisiológicos de resposta ao déficit hídrico e direcionar programas de melhoramento genético, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a expressão diferencial de genes potencialmente relacionados com a tolerância da mamoneira ao déficit hídrico e o comportamento de enzimas do sistema de defesa antioxidante. O estudo foi conduzido com três acessos (China Careca, IAC 2028 e PB 07) submetidos a um ensaio com solução de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6.000) por um período de 24 horas para indução do déficit hídrico. Os genes CAT, APX, SOD-Cu/Zn, SOD-Fe e SOD-Mn tiveram maior expressão diferencial no acesso China Careca. O gene SOD-Cu/Zn foi o mais diferencialmente expresso quanto comparado ao controle (3,57 vezes) no acesso China Careca. Análise da atividade de enzimas relacionadas com estresse oxidativo (Catalase – CAT, Ascorbato Peroxidase – APX, Guaiacol Peroxidase – GPOX e Superoxide Dismutase – SOD) revelou que os acessos possuem diferentes mecanismos de resposta ao déficit hídrico. Os resultados apontam que o acesso China Careca pode ser considerado de grande importância para programas de melhoramento genético por apresentar característica de precocidade, sistema de defesa antioxidante mais eficiente e resistência ao déficit hídrico.

scholarly journals Life with Oxidative Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gurda ◽  
Anna M. Kietrys ◽  
Aleksandra Szopa ◽  
Tomasz Twardowski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Long Time

Incomplete oxygen reduction gives rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS). For a long time they have been considered unwelcome companions of aerobic metabolism. Organisms using oxygen developed several systems of ROS scavenging with enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants, which allow them control the cellular level of oxygen derived from free radicals. It is well established nowadays that ROS are not necessarily negative byproducts, but they also play an important role in cellular mechanisms. They are involved in many regular cellular processes in all aerobic organisms. When the antioxidant system is overcome and the balance between ROS production and scavenging is disrupted, oxidative stress occurs. It has been reported that oxidative stress may be linked to some human diseases and is also involved in biotic and abiotic stress response in plants.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Brassicaceae plants under abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-244
Author(s):  
Faiçal Brini ◽  
◽  
Walid Saibi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Cellular Processes

Brassicaceae plants, as an important source of primary and secondary metabolites, are becoming a research model in plant science. Plants have developed different ways to ward off environmental stress factors. This is lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being continuously produced in cell during normal cellular processes. Under stress conditions, there are excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, ROS are considered as important secondary messengers of signaling pathway that control metabolic fluxes and a variety of cellular processes. Plant response to environmental stress depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. This balance of ROS level is required for performing its dual role of acting as a defensive molecule in signaling pathway or a destructive molecule. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this review, we describe the ROS production and its turnover and the role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage in Brassicaceae plants. Further, the antioxidant defense mechanisms comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been discussed. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Antioxidant defence, Brassicaceae, Oxidative stress, ROS

scholarly journals Modulation of antioxidant defence system for detoxification of oxidative stress caused by tannery effluent in Eichhornia crassipes

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

A study was performed to evaluate capability of aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes plants to combat oxidative stress caused by tannery effluent treatment. For this purpose, tannery effluent was collected from “Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket” (UASB) Jajmau, Kanpur. Plants of Eichhornia crassipes were exposed to various concentrations of tannery effluent (0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) for 2 and 7 days durations. Plants accumulated significant (p<0.01) amount of Cr (a major constituent of tannery effluent) in a concentration duration dependent manner; which was more in roots (220 mg g-1 dw) than in leaves (83 mg g-1 dw). Tannery effluent induced oxidative stress was evident by increased level of MDA content. To combat oxidative stress plants showed alleviated level of antioxidants as its defense mechanism. Among enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity increased over to control upto 2nd days of treatment however on exposure of long duration i.e. 7 days these antioxidants declined in correspond to various treatments. Similarly non enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoid and ascorbic acid content) which scavenged free radicals efficiently also showing elevation at all concentrations up to 2 days exposure over unstressed plants, thereafter responded in decreasing manner due to ill effects of treatments. Therefore it can be concluded, E. crassipes can be utilized as a biomonitoring as well as phytoremedial tool using aforesaid biomarkers for pollution caused by tannery effluent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9947 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 101-110

scholarly journals Responses of Bloom-Forming Heterosigma akashiwo to Allelochemical Linoleic Acid: Growth Inhibition, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renjun Wang ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Heterosigma Akashiwo ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Algal blooms have been occurring in many regions worldwide, and allelochemicals are important algaecides used to control harmful algal blooms (HABs). The allelopathic effects of linoleic acid (LA) on the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo were studied, and the possible mechanisms were investigated through analyses of population growth dynamics, cellular ultrastructure and the physiological levels of H. akashiwo. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of LA on H. akashiwo cells increased with an increasing LA concentration. The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly elevated, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation due to LA exposure. At the same time, LA also activated the antioxidant system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and POD, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced AsA and glutathione (GSH). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the morphology of the algal cells was impaired in an LA-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that LA exposure decreased the cellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased the rate of apoptosis. LA modulated bcl-2/bax homeostasis and increased the expressions of cytochrome c and caspases-3 and -9, proving that LA induced cell death via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. It was suggested that LA had allelopathic effects on H. akashiwo, inducing physiological and morphological changes and finally triggering the apoptosis of H. akashiwo. All of these results showed that LA might have the potential as an algaecide to control harmful algae.

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