Responses of Bloom-Forming Heterosigma akashiwo to Allelochemical Linoleic Acid: Growth Inhibition, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Algal blooms have been occurring in many regions worldwide, and allelochemicals are important algaecides used to control harmful algal blooms (HABs). The allelopathic effects of linoleic acid (LA) on the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo were studied, and the possible mechanisms were investigated through analyses of population growth dynamics, cellular ultrastructure and the physiological levels of H. akashiwo. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of LA on H. akashiwo cells increased with an increasing LA concentration. The levels of ROS and MDA were significantly elevated, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation due to LA exposure. At the same time, LA also activated the antioxidant system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and POD, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced AsA and glutathione (GSH). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the morphology of the algal cells was impaired in an LA-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that LA exposure decreased the cellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased the rate of apoptosis. LA modulated bcl-2/bax homeostasis and increased the expressions of cytochrome c and caspases-3 and -9, proving that LA induced cell death via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. It was suggested that LA had allelopathic effects on H. akashiwo, inducing physiological and morphological changes and finally triggering the apoptosis of H. akashiwo. All of these results showed that LA might have the potential as an algaecide to control harmful algae.

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Octadecaneuropeptide prevents toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in cultured rat astrocyte: involvement of the endogenous antioxidant systems and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway

10.1101/266379 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hadhemi Kaddour ◽

Yosra Hamdi ◽

David Vaudry ◽

Jérôme Leprince ◽

Hubert Vaudry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Death ◽

Apoptotic Cell ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Apoptotic Pathway

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, induces imbalance in ROS generation, impairs cellular antioxidant defences and finally triggers both neurons and astroglial cell death by apoptosis. Astrocytes specifically synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN). We have previously reported that ODN is a potent neuroprotective agent that prevents 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic neuronal death. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of ODN on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and cell death in cultured rat astrocytes. Incubation of astrocytes with graded concentrations of ODN (10−14 to 10−8 M) inhibited 6-OHDA-evoked cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, ODN prevented the decrease of mitochondrial activity and caspase-3 activation induced by 6-OHDA. Toxin-treated cells exhibited high level of ROS associated with a generation of H2O2 and O2°-and a reduction of both SOD and catalase activities. Co-treatment of astrocytes with low concentrations of ODN dose dependently blocked 6-OHDA-evoked ROS production and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activities. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ODN is a potent glioprotective agent that prevents 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. ODN is thus a potential candidate to delay neuronal damages in various pathological conditions involving oxidative neurodegeneration.

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Synadenium umbellatum Pax. promotes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in K-562 leukemia cells

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502012000300017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mariana Flavia da Mota ◽

Polyana Lopes Benfica ◽

Marize Campos Valadares

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Death ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Apoptosis Resistance ◽

Tumor Cell Death ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽

Imatinib Resistance

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease that shows apoptosis resistance. The introduction of imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of CML, but imatinib resistance may develop at any time and inevitably leads to disease progression. Synadenium umbellatum Pax. belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is popularly used in Brazil for the treatment of cancer. The cytotoxicity of Euphorbiaceae is associated with the ability of these plants and their bioactive compounds to induce apoptotic tumor cell death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of death induced by S. umbellatum extract in leukemic cells. S. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle; the mechanisms involved in K-562 cell death were investigated by light microscopy and flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that S. umbellatum is cytotoxic to leukemic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological analysis revealed that S. umbellatum treatment induced K-562 cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, data indicate ROS overproduction, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine externalization and activation of caspase 9. Taken together, the results demonstrate that S. umbellatum extract arrested the cell cycle and triggered apoptosis at several levels in K-562 cells.

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Morroniside and loganin extracted from Cornus officinalis have protective effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation exposed to advanced glycation end products by preventing oxidative stress

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y06-075 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (12) ◽

pp. 1267-1273 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Huiqin Xu ◽

Jian Shen ◽

Hong Liu ◽

Yan Shi ◽

Lihua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Mesangial Cell ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Early Stages ◽

Cornus Officinalis ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are involved in the alterations of renal mesangial cell (MCs) growth, a feature of early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We postulate that morroniside and loganin, 2 components extracted from Cornus officinalis , may ameliorate the detrimental effects of AGE-induced MCs proliferation by preventing oxidative stress. Rat MCs cultured in AGE milieu were treated with morroniside and loganin. Results showed that morroniside and loganin inhibited AGE-induced MC proliferation as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the morroniside and loganin improved the morphological changes of MCs. Flow cytometric analysis showed that morroniside and loganin inhibited the cell cycle of rat MCs. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly increased, whereas the level of malondialdehyde was not significantly reduced. These results suggest that morroniside and loganin regulate MC growth by preventing oxidative stress. Thus, this study provides a molecular basis for the use of morroniside and loganin in the early stages of DN.

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Defense manifestations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Ricinus communis L. exposed to lead in hydroponics

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.2478/ebtj-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 117-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Boda Ravi Kiran ◽

M.N.V. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Pb Stress ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Ricinus Communis L ◽

Inorganic Pollutant

Abstract Lead (Pb) is a major inorganic pollutant with no biological significance and has been a global concern. Phytotoxicity of lead induces toxic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibits most of the cellular processes in plants. Hydro-ponic experiments were performed with Ricinus communis to investigate the toxicity and antioxidant responses by exposing to different concentrations of lead (0, 200 and 400 µM) for 10 days. Pb stress caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) and a decrease in the elemental profile of the plant. Histochemical visualization clearly indicates the significant increase of H2O2 production in dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. Likewise, an increase in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity was also evident. Ascorbate peroxidase and MDAR, on the other hand, responded biphasically to Pb treatments showing a decrease in concentration. The decline in redox ratio GSH/GSSG was imposed by the indirect oxidative stress of Pb. Hence these findings showed the ameliorative potential of R. communis to sustain Pb toxicity under oxidative stress.

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Modulation of antioxidant defence system for detoxification of oxidative stress caused by tannery effluent in Eichhornia crassipes

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v3i1.9947 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kiran Gupta

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Tannery Effluent ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Antioxidant Defence System

A study was performed to evaluate capability of aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes plants to combat oxidative stress caused by tannery effluent treatment. For this purpose, tannery effluent was collected from “Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket” (UASB) Jajmau, Kanpur. Plants of Eichhornia crassipes were exposed to various concentrations of tannery effluent (0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) for 2 and 7 days durations. Plants accumulated significant (p<0.01) amount of Cr (a major constituent of tannery effluent) in a concentration duration dependent manner; which was more in roots (220 mg g-1 dw) than in leaves (83 mg g-1 dw). Tannery effluent induced oxidative stress was evident by increased level of MDA content. To combat oxidative stress plants showed alleviated level of antioxidants as its defense mechanism. Among enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity increased over to control upto 2nd days of treatment however on exposure of long duration i.e. 7 days these antioxidants declined in correspond to various treatments. Similarly non enzymatic antioxidants (carotenoid and ascorbic acid content) which scavenged free radicals efficiently also showing elevation at all concentrations up to 2 days exposure over unstressed plants, thereafter responded in decreasing manner due to ill effects of treatments. Therefore it can be concluded, E. crassipes can be utilized as a biomonitoring as well as phytoremedial tool using aforesaid biomarkers for pollution caused by tannery effluent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9947 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 101-110

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Davidone C Induces the Death of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Promoting Apoptosis and Autophagy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5219

Author(s):

Ping Song ◽

Huiqi Huang ◽

Yuanren Ma ◽

Chaoqun Wu ◽

Xinzhou Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Mtt Method ◽

Caspase 7 ◽

Sophora Davidii ◽

Apoptotic Mechanism

Davidone C is a newly discovered flavonoid compound purified from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels. This study explored the anti-tumor activity of davidone C on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells and its mechanism through MTT method, morphological observation, flow cytometry and Western blotting. The results showed that davidone C significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The morphological changes of apoptotic cells can be observed under an inverted microscope, such as cell floating, chromosome condensation, apoptotic bodies, and other phenomena. The expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP increased with the increase of dosage while Bcl-2 decreased, suggesting that the apoptotic mechanism might be related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Moreover, davidone C administration can down-regulate the expression of Grp78, and simultaneously up-regulate the expression of caspase-7 and caspase-12, indicating that the apoptotic mechanism might be related to the ERS pathway. In addition, davidone C can down-regulate the expression of p62, and simultaneously up-regulate the expression of LC3-I and LC3-II with a quantitative dependence, suggesting that the mechanism of apoptosis may be related to the autophagy signal pathway. All these results showed davidone C has potential effects on hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Crocus sativusL. (Saffron) Stigma Aqueous Extract Induces Apoptosis in Alveolar Human Lung Cancer Cells through Caspase-Dependent Pathways Activation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/417928 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Saeed Samarghandian ◽

Abasalt Borji ◽

Seyed Kazem Farahmand ◽

Reza Afshari ◽

Saeideh Davoodi

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Lung Cancer Cells ◽

Human Lung Cancer ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common form of cancer. Saffron has been used in folk medicine for centuries. We investigated the potential of saffron to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in lung cancer cells (A549). We also examined the caspase-dependent pathways activation of saffron-induced apoptosis against the A549 cells. A549 cells were incubated with different concentrations of saffron extract; then cell morphological changes, cell viability, and apoptosis were determined by the normal invertmicroscope, MTT assay, Annexin V and propidium iodide, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Activated caspases were detected by treatment of saffron in lung cancer cells using fluorescein-labeled inhibitors of polycaspases. The proliferation of the A549 cells were decreased after treatment with saffron in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with saffron concentrations. Saffron induced morphological changes, decreased percentage of viable cells, and induced apoptosis. Saffron could induce apoptosis in the A549 cells and activate caspase pathways. The levels of caspases involved in saffron-induced apoptosis in the A549 cells indicating caspase-dependent pathway were induced by saffron. The anticancer activity of the aqueous extract of saffron could be attributed partly to its inhibition of the cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells through caspase-dependent pathways activation.

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Cytotoxicity of Cyclodipeptides fromPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 Leads to Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/197608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Dolores Vázquez-Rivera ◽

Omar González ◽

Jaquelina Guzmán-Rodríguez ◽

Alma L. Díaz-Pérez ◽

Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Human Cancer Cell ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Human Cancer Cell Lines

Pseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen of plants and animals, which produces virulence factors in order to infect or colonize its eukaryotic hosts. Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) produced byP. aeruginosaexhibit cytotoxic properties toward human tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a CDP mix, comprised of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) that were isolated fromP. aeruginosa, on two human cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the CDP mix promoted cell death in cultures of the HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.53 and 0.66 mg/mL, for HeLa and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis, using annexin V and propidium iodide as apoptosis and necrosis indicators, respectively, clearly showed that HeLa and Caco-2 cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics when treated with the CDP mix at a concentration <0.001 mg/mL. IC50values for apoptotic cells in HeLa and Caco-2 cells were 6.5 × 10−5and 1.8 × 10−4 mg/mL, respectively. Our results indicate that an apoptotic pathway is involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by theP. aeruginosaCDP mix.

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Exposure top,p′-DDE Induces Morphological Changes and Activation of the PKCα-p38-C/EBPβPathway in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/1375606 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nallely A. Torres-Avilés ◽

Damaris Albores-García ◽

Ana L. Luna ◽

Monica Moreno-Galván ◽

Mariana Salgado-Bustamante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Immature Myeloid Cells ◽

Bone Marrow Disorders

Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), the most persistent metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is still present in the human population. Both are present in the bone marrow of patients with bone marrow disorders, but thus far there are no studies that assess the capability ofp,p′-DDE to affect myeloid cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect ofp,p′-DDE on promyelocytic cell differentiation and intracellular pathways related to this event.p,p′-DDE induced morphological changes compatible with promyelocytic differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Thep,p′-DDE effect onCa2+i, C/EBPβprotein levels, PKCαand p38 activation, and the role of oxidative stress or PLA2 was assayed. Exposure to 1.9 μg/mL ofp,p′-DDE increasedCa2+i, PKCα, p38, and C/EBPβprotein levels; the increase of nuclear C/EBPβprotein was dependent on p38. PKCαphosphorylation was dependent on PLA2 andp,p′-DDE-induced oxidative stress. p38 phosphorylation induced byp,p′-DDE was dependent on PLA2, PKC activation, and oxidative stress. These effects ofp,p′-DDE at concentrations found in human bone marrow may induce alterations in immature myeloid cells and could affect their cellular homeostasis. In order to establish the risk from exposure top,p′-DDE on the development of bone marrow disorders in humans, these effects deserve further study.

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Oxidative Stress, Ocular Disease and Diabetes Retinopathy

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190115121531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (40) ◽

pp. 4726-4741 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Orathai Tangvarasittichai ◽

Surapon Tangvarasittichai

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Cell Death ◽

Protein Modification ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Corneal Dystrophy ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Ocular Diseases ◽

Retinal Light Damage ◽

Age Related

Background: Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results in cellular degeneration and neurodegeneration from damage to macromolecules. Results: Accumulation of the DNA damage (8HOdG) products and the end products of LPO (including aldehyde, diene, triene conjugates and Schiff’s bases) were noted in the research studies. Significantly higher levels of these products in comparison with the controls were observed. Oxidative stress induced changes to ocular cells and tissues. Typical changes include ECM accumulation, cell dysfunction, cell death, advanced senescence, disarrangement or rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and released inflammatory cytokines. It is involved in ocular diseases, including keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal light damage, and retinopathy of prematurity. These ocular diseases are the cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Conclusions: Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy are implicated in biochemical and morphological changes in these ocular tissues. The development of therapy is a major target for the management care of these ocular diseases.

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