scholarly journals The Effects of Different Exercise Programmes on Female Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Soares Costa de Mendonça ◽  
Adenilson Targino de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Maria do Socorro Cirilo de Sousa ◽  
Helder Miguel Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Jackson Pollock ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Sedentary Women

Abstract The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of 16 weeks of practicing different exercise programmes on body composition. This is an exploratory and descriptive study of 89 women aged 25 to 55 years (41.42 ± 9.23 years). The subjects were randomly divided into three experimental groups (EG): practitioners of strength training (SG), dance (DG), hydrogymnastics (HG), and a control group (CG) with sedentary women. Measurements of body mass and height, circumferences of the chest, waist, abdomen, hips, thighs, calves, and skinfolds of the triceps, suprailiac and thigh were registered in three different moments: prior to the commencement of the training program, again after 8 weeks of training, and finally after 16 weeks of training. Body density was estimated by using the trifold protocol by Jackson, Pollock and Ward. The ANOVA and deltas of change (Δ%) were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The effects of greater statistical significance on body composition related the variables "time", "group" and the interaction between the two (time x group) were observed for the percentage of fat - F% (F (1.79, 152.52) = 24.59, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.22), fat mass - FM (F (1.75, 149.01) = 12.65, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.13) and lean mass - LM (F (1.77, 150.66) = 47.38, p <0.001, η 2 = 0.36). The HG and SG were more beneficial in reducing F%. It was observed that the EG indicated healthier anthropometric aspects compared to the CG, regardless of the type of exercise programmes practiced. The time factor was more representative over the effects of exercise on anthropometric dimensions.

Multi-Fetal Pregnancy Reduction Does Not Influence Perinatal Results in Twin Pregnancies

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Jirsova ◽  
Tonko Mardesic ◽  
Pavel Muller ◽  
Renata Huttelova ◽  
Jana Zvarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare perinatal results in multifetal pregnancies where the reduction to twins was performed with non-reduced twin pregnancies. Perinatal results in 99 sets of twins after transabdominal multifetal pregnancy reduction of triple and higher-order multiple pregnancies performed in a single center were compared with a control group consisting of 151 twin pregnancies conceived in the same time period after infertility treatment, which were not a result of reduction. The main outcome measures were length of pregnancies, weight of the newborns, percentage of miscarriages and the mode of the delivery were analyzed. No significant difference could be found at a 5% level of significance regarding the average duration of pregnancy or average weight of the twins. Fisher test on 5% significance level did not ascertain any significant difference in the probability of miscarriage between the group with reduction (5.26%) and the group without reduction (12.84%). At a 5% level of statistical significance, no significant difference in probability of perinatal death of the fetus or delivery of a stillborn fetus was found. The percentage of cesarean sections did not differ significantly in both groups. The analysis of both groups demonstrated that reduction of multifetal pregnancies to twins may not influence perinatal results in comparison to twin pregnancies where reduction was not performed.

Student Decision Making in Technology Application

2011 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Abdulaziz Elfessi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study investigated factors that influence students’ decision-making processes in selecting a classroom or online course, student technology skills and experience, and concerns students have about Internet integration. Students completed a survey questionnaire and web-based pretests and posttests. A Likert scale instrument was completed by students in both a control group and an experimental group. Independent two-sample t-tests and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), using the initial score as the covariate, were conducted. Level of significance (alpha) was set at .05 to achieve statistical significance for all analyses. Both groups in this study were full-time, on-campus students with access to the same technology resources. Findings reveal that students’ perceptions and experiences were quite similar.

The effect of clenbuterol on body composition in spontaneously eating tumour-bearing mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hyltander ◽  
Gösta Svaninger ◽  
Kent Lundholm
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, on body composition in tumour-bearing adult and growing mice. Therefore, adult female C57/BL6 mice (n = 20) were inoculated subcutaneously with a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma and divided into two identical groups. One group received injections twice a day of clenbuterol corresponding to 1 mg/kg body weight, the other group received sham injections. Growing mice (n = 20) were similarly divided after tumour inoculation into one study group with clenbuterol injections and one control group. The growing animals were sacrificed on day 11 after commencement of treatment, the adult mice on day 16. Clenbuterol treatment had no statistically significant effect on accumulated food intake or body composition in the adult mice. However, fooe intake in these animals increased numerically compared to control animals after day 12 of the study. Tumour growth was also unaffected. The growing animals displayed an increased carcass dry weight with borderline significance (p = 0.06) and an increased quadriceps muscle fat free dry weight after clenbuterol treatment. Tumour growth was not affected. Food intake measured on a daily basis was significantly increased in the growing clenbuterol treated animals and accumulated food intake was increased with a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.06). The results support the suggestion that treatment with a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist does not improve body composition in tumour-bearing adult mice relying on spontaneous food intake while growing animals may benefit from such treatment.

Student Decision Making in Technology Application

2011 ◽  
pp. 972-983
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Abdulaziz Elfessi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study investigated factors that influence students’ decision-making processes in selecting a classroom or online course, student technology skills and experience, and concerns students have about Internet integration. Students completed a survey questionnaire and web-based pretests and posttests. A Likert scale instrument was completed by students in both a control group and an experimental group. Independent two-sample t-tests and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), using the initial score as the covariate, were conducted. Level of significance (alpha) was set at .05 to achieve statistical significance for all analyses. Both groups in this study were full-time, on-campus students with access to the same technology resources. Findings reveal that students’ perceptions and experiences were quite similar.

Osteopathic Treatment of Patients with Coxarthrosis: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Thomas Johann Vögele ◽  
Axel Peter Prodinger
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Climbing Stairs

Background: The study aimed to deliver valid data for the short-term effect of osteopathic manual treatments for patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip. Methods: For this prospective, randomised controlled trial patients diagnosed with coxar-throsis were randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group. The patients in the intervention group received osteopathic treatment on three occasions for nine weeks. The control group did not receive any treatment. At the beginning and the end of the study, all patients had to specify their level of pain in general, whether they felt pain at walking, when climbing stairs and when lying. In addition, patients were questioned about re-strictions in their daily activities. Results: For the level of pain in general, the arithmetic mean of the intervention group (n = 15) decreased from 5.333 points (SD 1.589) at the start of the treatment (on a scale from 1 to 10) to 4.733 points (SD 1.534) at the end of the study. This represents a statistically signif-icant change (p = 0.047). The other parameters improved for the patients who received os-teopathic treatment, although they did not reach the level of significance. The control group (n = 15) had the same measurements from the beginning to the end of the study. Conclusions: Only a small segment of the outcome reached statistical significance. Never-theless, a beneficial impact of the osteopathic treatment for patients with coxarthrosis was observed. Further research should carefully consider the methods and design needed to reach statistically significant outcomes. Keywords: arthritis, coxarthrosis, hip, OMT, osteoarthritis, osteopathy

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Abdullah Farih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

Correlation of Metabolic Risk Factors with Sessile Serrated Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Bataga ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
The Right

Background and Aims: The importance of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has been recently established. These are supposed to cause the so-called “interval cancer”, having a rapidly progressive growth and being difficult to detect and to obtain an endoscopic complete resection. We aimed to establish the most important metabolic risk factors for sessile serrated lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, on a series of 2918 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania between 1 st of January 2015-31 th of December 2017. In order to evaluate the metabolic risk factors for polyps’ development, enrolled participants were stratified in two groups, a study group, 33 patients with SSLs lesions, and a control group, 138 patients with adenomatous polyps, selected by systematic sampling for age and anatomical site. Independent variables investigated were: gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic liver disease. Results: For SSLs the most common encountered localization was the right colon in 30.55% of cases. By comparative bivariate analysis between SSLs group and control group, it was observed that hypertension (p=0.03, OR 2.33, 95 %CI 1.03-5.24), obesity (p=0.03, OR 2.61, 95 %CI 1.08-6.30), hyperuricemia (p=0.04, OR 2.72, 95 %CI 1.28-7.55), high cholesterol (p=0.002, OR 3.42; 95 %CI 1.48-7.87), and high triglycerides level (p=0.0006, OR 5.75; 95 %CI 1.92-17.2) were statistically associated with SSLs development. By multivariate analysis hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia retained statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the highest prevalence of SSLs was in the right colon and hypertension and increased triglycerides levels were associated with the risk of SSLs development. These risk factors are easy to detect in clinical practice and may help identifying groups with high risk for colorectal cancer, where screening is recommended.

The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict- Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Rejeki Maha ◽  
Berlin Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed at finding out The Effect of Applying POSSE (Predict-Organize-Search-Summarize-Evaluate) Strategy on the Students’ Reading Comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMA Negeri 2 Medan. There were sixty students taken as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying POSSE strategy while control group was taught without applying POSSE strategy. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 40 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21). The calculation shows the reliability was 0.81(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.76) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that there was a significant effect of applying POSSE strategy on the students’ reading comprehension. Keywords: POSSE Strategy, Reading Comprehension.

The Effect of Applying Learning Together Method on the Students’ Reading Comprehension

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryato Siregar ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Learning Together

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of applying Learning Together Method on the students’ reading comprehension. This study used the experimental design. The population of this study was the students of SMP Negeri 1 Muara. There were sixty students of eighth class as the sample of the research. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying Learning Together Method while control group was taught without applying Learning Together Method. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 20 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula. The calculation shows the reliability was 0.82(high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation shows that t-observed (4.9) is higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (α) 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that teaching reading comprehension by applying Learning Together Method significantly affect reading comprehension. Keywords: Learning Together Method, Reading Comprehension

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