scholarly journals Czech Translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the Diachronic Point of View – Plus Ça Change…

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Radek Čech ◽  
Ján Mačutek ◽  
Pavel Kosek
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Text Length ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Hapax Legomena

Abstract The paper focuses on dynamics of changes of several linguistic and text properties in diachronic development of Czech. Specifically, we analyze the proportion of identical word-forms (types), the average type length, text length, the proportion of hapax legomena, the moving average type-token ratio, and entropy. For the analysis, seven translations of the Gospel of Matthew from the 14th to the 21st century were used. The study reveals some differences in dynamics of changes of particular properties.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Multiple-Timescale Turbulence-Transport Coupling Method in the Presence of Random Fluctuations

Plasma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Parker ◽  
Lynda LoDestro ◽  
Alejandro Campos
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Coupling Method ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average Model ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Moving Average Model ◽  
Turbulence Transport ◽  
Random Fluctuations

One route to improved predictive modeling of magnetically confined fusion reactors is to couple transport solvers with direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulence, rather than with surrogate models. An additional challenge presented by coupling directly with DNS is the inherent fluctuations in the turbulence, which limit the convergence achievable in the transport solver. In this article, we investigate the performance of one numerical coupling method in the presence of turbulent fluctuations. To test a particular numerical coupling method for the transport solver, we use an autoregressive-moving-average model to generate stochastic fluctuations efficiently with statistical properties resembling those of a gyrokinetic simulation. These fluctuations are then added to a simple, solvable problem, and we examine the behavior of the coupling method. We find that monitoring the residual as a proxy for the error can be misleading. From a pragmatic point of view, this study aids us in the full problem of transport coupled to DNS by predicting the amount of averaging required to reduce the fluctuation error and obtain a specific level of accuracy.

scholarly journals DIACHRONIC TYPOLOGY OF THE KET PRONOUN BIN'

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Галина Тихоновна Поленова ◽  
Марина Геннадьевна Аханова
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Reflexive Pronoun ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Genitive Case

В статье анализируется структура и значения форм кетского возвратно-определительного местоимения «сам» в типологическом сравнении с подобными местоимениями в языках разных систем в синхронном и диахронном плане. Вначале рассматривается статус местоимения как части речи, спорные вопросы по этому поводу. Подчёркивается типологическая связь определительного и возвратного значения местоимения «сам» при структурно-семантическом анализе словоформ, их выражающих. Затем излагается описание словоформы “bin’” в кетском языке, начиная с истории её исследования кетологами. Приводятся таблицы склонения рассматриваемого местоимения в сравнении со склонением личных кетских местоимений и существительных. Описываются значения падежных форм местоимения “bin’”, подкреплённые примерами употребления этих форм в речи. Отмечается чёткое деление кетских падежных форм на две группы: группа родительного падежа и группа основного падежа. Формы родительного падежа выражают посессивные отношения со значением «свой собственный». В типологическом плане анализируются, прежде всего, данные енисейского коттского языка по данным А. Кастрена. Далее привлекается материал языков бурушаски, алтайских, санскрита, дагестанских, финно-угорских и других. Отмечено, что типологических примеров местоимённо-дейктического происхождения местоимения «сам» немного, однако они имеются в языках разных генетических групп, таких как: финно-угорский хантыйский, камчатский ительменский, дагестанский лакский язык. Диахронно-типологический анализ приведённых данных позволил автору заключить, что кетское местоимение “bin’” является древнейшим примером словообразования в языке в целом. Если в большинстве представленных в статье языков местоимение «сам» восходит к полнозначному существительному, то структура словоформ местоимения bin‘ не имеет аналогов и состоит из древнейших дейктических частиц с широким значением, т.е. она является свидетелем такого периода в развитии языка, когда каждый строевой элемент имел своё собственное значение. Сложные парадигматические формы рассматриваемого местоимения в современном кетском языке отражают процесс постепенной грамматикализации когда-то самостоятельных дейктических частиц. The article analyzes the structure and meanings of the forms of the Ket reflexive pronoun “self” in typological comparison with similar pronouns in the languages of different systems from synchronic and diachronic point of view. The typological connection of the definitive and reflexive meanings of the pronoun “self” is emphasized in the structural-semantic analysis of word forms expressing them. Then a description of the word form “bin’ ”in the Ket language is given. The declension tables of the considered pronoun are compared with the declension of personal Ket pronouns and nouns. The meanings of the case forms of the pronoun “bin’”, supported by examples of the use of these forms in speech, are described. Forms of the genitive case express a possessive relationship with the meaning of "one’s own". From typological point of view first of all, the data of the Yenisei Kott language are analyzed. Next, material from the languages of Burushaski, Altai, Sanskrit, Dagestan, Finno-Ugric and others is attracted. It is noted that there are few typological examples of the pronoun-deictic origin of the pronoun “self”, however they are available in languages of different genetic groups. Diachronic-typological analysis of the data provided allowed the author to conclude that the Ket pronoun “bin’” is the oldest example of word formation in the language as a whole, it witnesses such a period in the development of the language, when each structure element had its own meaning.

The rise of temporal expressions in the history of Japanese: A preliminary account

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Diachronic Development

AbstractIn cognitive linguistics, a widely accepted and highly influential approach to the notion of time is conceptual metaphor. This states that the abstract concept time should be understood in terms of a concrete concept such as space. This paper challenges this notion by proposing that time exhibits independent experience. Using diachronic data, the paper investigates how temporal expressions in Japanese have emerged that are also employed as spatial expressions, and demonstrates how they conform to theoretical standpoints that are postulated in synchronic studies. First, I refer to the insights of Fraisse (1963), who singles out from a psychological point of view two fundamental perspectives of time: succession and duration. Second, I provide 10 examples from the eighth century to the fourteenth century that comply with five aspects of psychological reality (succession, duration, causation, organization, and anticipation). Third, I evaluate Evans’ (2004) cognitive complex models that champion temporal independence. The paper makes two claims. First, the rise of Japanese temporal expressions does not rely on external experience but on internal, that is, psychological perspectives. Second, the three attributes central to Evans’ models (motion, agency, and sequence) were not absolutely fundamental when Japanese temporal expressions emerged. While this last point downgrades Evans’ models, the paper tentatively suggests an alternative approach, namely that a diachronic development should embrace indexical, iconic, and symbolic evidence for the construction of linguistic signs.

scholarly journals Ichthyological Hapax Legomena in Marcellus’ "De piscibus"

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 705-722
Author(s):  
Konrad Tadajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Dentex Dentex ◽  
Hapax Legomena

Marcellus of Side, a physician and didactic poet of the second century AD, mentions fourteen exclusive ichthyonyms in the preserved fragment De piscibus, extracted from the 42-volume epic poem entitled Cheironides. The author discusses Greek names of fish and sea animals that appear only in Marcellus’ work. They belong to the so-called hapax legomena. The following appellatives are carefully analyzed: ἁλιπλεύμων, ἅρπη, βούφθαλμος, βράχατος, γαρίσκος, γερῖνος, ἐρυθρός, θρανίας, θῦρος, κόλλουρος, περόνη, τραγίσκος, τυφλῖνος, χρύσοφος. It is assumed that Marcellus of Side introduced a number of ichthyonyms of Pamphylian origin, e.g. Pamph. θῦρος (< *θύρσος), βράχατος (instead of βάτραχος), ἐρυθρός (= ἐρυθρῖνος), θρανίας (instead of θράνις), χρύσοφος (instead of χρύσοφρυς). Also new identifications of fish are suggested, e.g. Gk. βούφθαλ- μος ‘large-eye dentex, Dentex macrophthalmus Bloch’, Gk. κόλλουρος ‘slender sunfish, Ranzania laevis Pennant’. All the discusssed ichthyonyms, as well as names of other sea animals, are explained from the point of view of phonology, morphology or semantics, e.g. ἁλιπλεύμων ‘jellyfish’ (literally ‘sea lung’), ἅρπη ‘a kind of ray fish’ (literally ‘a kite’).

Parasynthesis in Morphology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Iacobini
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Nominal Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Actual Word

The term parasynthesis is mainly used in modern theoretical linguistics in the meaning introduced by Arsène Darmesteter (1874) to refer to denominal or deadjectival prefixed verbs of the Romance languages (Fr. embarquer ‘to load, to board’) in which the non-prefixed verb (barquer) is not an actual word, and the co-radical nominal form (embarqu-) is not well formed. The Romance parasynthetic verb is characterized with reference to its nominal or adjectival base as the result of the co-occurrence of both a prefix and a suffix (typically of a conversion process, i.e., non-overt derivational marking). The co-occurrence or simultaneity of the two processes has been seen by some scholars as a circumfixation phenomenon, whereby two elements act in combination. The peculiar relationship existing between base and parasynthetic verb is particularly problematic for an Item and Process theoretical perspective since this approach entails the application of one process at a time. Conversely, a Word and Paradigm framework deals more easily with parasynthetic patterns, as parasynthetic verbs are put in relation with prefixed verbs and verbs formed by conversion, without being undermined neither by gaps in derivational patterns nor by the possible concomitant addition of prefixes and suffixes. Due to their peculiar structure, parasynthetic verbs have been matter of investigation even for non-specialists of Romance languages, especially from synchronic (or, better said, achronic) point of view. Attention has been also placed on their diachronic development in that, despite being characteristic of the Romance languages, parasynthetic verbs were already present, although to a lesser extent, in Latin. The diachronic development of parasynthetic verbs is strictly connected with that of spatial verb prefixes from Latin to the Romance languages, with particular reference to their loss of productivity in the encoding of spatial meanings and their grammaticalization into actionality markers. Parasynthetic verbs have been in the Romance languages since their earliest stages and have shown constant productivity and diffusion in all the Romance varieties, thus differing from spatial prefixes, which underwent a strong reduction in productivity in combination with verbs. The term parasynthetic is sometimes also used to refer to nouns and adjectives derived from compounds or in which both a prefix and a suffix are attached to a lexical base. In the case of nominal and adjectival formation, there is much less consensus among scholars on the need to use this term, as well as on which processes should fall under this label. The common denominator of such cases consists either in the non-attestation of presumed intermediate stages (Sp. corchotaponero ‘relative to the industry of cork plugs’) or in the non-correspondence between sense and structure of the morphologically complex word (Fr. surnaturel ‘supernatural’).

scholarly journals Gender critique on the narrator’s androcentric point of view of women in Matthew’s gospel

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Do So

The article, from a gender-sensitive perspective, is critical of patriarchal values that are harmful to women and other non-dominant groups. When the focus on women and women’s roles is usurped by male control, the androcentric self-interest of interpreters and authors becomes apparent. This is still the case in present-day theological studies, but is especially prevalent in premodern biblical writings, of which the Gospel of Matthew is an example. Recent mainstream Jesus studies demonstrate that women were welcomed in an ‘egalitarian’ way in the community of the first followers of Jesus. Women’s contribution to the first Christian faith community is highlighted. This stands in stark contrast to the silencing and invisibility of women in the surrounding patriarchal world of the ancient Middle East. Although Matthew does view women and other formerly excluded people as part of the faith community and equal recipients of God’s love, they are never treated as equal participants. The article focuses on three issues concerning the narrator’s point of view, namely that (1) women fulfilled a supporting, rather than an initiating role (Mt 1–2; 9:18–26; 15:21–28), (2) double standards were applied to male and female sexuality and women’s sexuality was regarded with prejudice (Mt 5:29–32; 19:2–12) and (3) women were seemingly given the opportunity to live ‘authentically’ as human beings, but in actual fact they could do so only if this ‘authenticity’ was sanctioned by men (Mt 20:20–23; 27:38; 27:56).

From engl-isc to whatever-ish: a corpus-based investigation of -ish derivation in the history of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-831
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS EITELMANN ◽  
KARI E. HAUGLAND ◽  
DAGMAR HAUMANN
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Made In ◽  
Hapax Legomena ◽  
Empirical Analyses

Drawing on a wide array of historical and contemporary corpora, this article provides one of the first empirical analyses of the intricately related functional changes that -ish underwent in the course of English language history. By investigating the distribution of -ish formations, the analysis sheds light on the productivity of the suffix, which does not only become evident in the numerous hapax legomena, but also in the trajectory of change itself in which -ish occurs with ever new base categories and new functions. Moreover, the article revisits theoretical claims made in the literature about the diachronic development and synchronic properties of -ish and reassesses them in the light of the corpus-based observations.

Les procédés de création lexicale mis en oeuvre par Lucrèce

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantai Kircher-Durand
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Hapax Legomena

SummaryThe hapax legomena substantives and adjectives created with a suffixal derivation by Lucretius are generally shaped according to the established derivational rules. From a cognitive point of view, these words corroborate that the two main activities of the human brain worked out in the natural languages are selection and association. Some less expected words allow us to point out an important parameter of the lexical creation : the pertinent features are set in a hierarchical frame. The remaining question is to know whether this hierarchy is inscribed in the system of each language or depends, entirely or partly, on the free speaker's choice.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN OBAT DI APOTEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE HYBRID PERIODIC ORDER QUANTITY - MOVING AVERAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Gede Aditra Pradnyana ◽  
I Made Arisetiawan Sunarya ◽  
Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Waterfall Model ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Previous Training

A pharmacy is a place of health service but indirectly also an effort to get the benefit. From the business point of view, of course, the pharmacy requires a system of processing inventory of goods, especially drugs - drugs in order to avoid losses. One of the pharmacies that have not optimally utilized the technology is at Apotek Karunia Asih located in Canggu Badung Bali. To overcome the problem of inventory control, at Apotek Karunia Asih requires inventory control application. The purpose of this research is to develop inventory control application with hybrid periodic order quantity - moving average method in Apotek Karunia Asih which gives benefit to the controlling of goods in pharmacies so that the goods and drugs sold in another are no longer past the expiration date, dead stock, stacking or stock shortages. Development of inventory control application with hybrid periodic order quantity - moving average method in Apotek Karunia Asih uses SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) process to describe the stages in software development. SDLC process used is waterfall model. Waterfall model is a model that is systematic and sequential in building software, starting from the analysis, design, coding, testing, and support or maintenance. Implementation of this research is applied by using PHP programming language with the help of Codeigniter framework. For the testing process, five (5) test process stages are performed: (1) white box test which states that the source code implementation is appropriate and there is no error, (2) black box test to find out whether all software functional is appropriate, (3) test the suitability of the system to find out the correctness of the calculation process performed by the application, (4) the user response test which states the application and the methods used are very appropriate in controlling the supply of drugs in pharmacies; (5) the previous training test on forecasting that the previous training score will be used to predict the need is 6 because it has the smallest MAPE and MSE so that the forecasting results can be in accordance with the actual data.

scholarly journals Web software to create thematic maps for precision agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Francielle Borges ◽  
Claudio Leones Bazzi ◽  
Eduardo Godoy de Souza ◽  
Paulo Sergio Graziano Magalhães ◽  
Gabriela Karoline Michelon
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Functional Point

Abstract: The objective of this work was to develop and provide a free web application able to generate thematic maps. The initiative aims to incorporate the functionalities of the “Software para Definição de Unidades de Manejo” (SDUM) desktop application, which has proven to be suitable for working with thematic maps and management zones, but that was only available for desktop computers. The developed web application was tested with real data from two agricultural fields located in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Thematic maps of soil and plant characteristics relevant to precision agriculture were created through the following interpolation methods: inverse distance, moving average, and nearest neighbor. The obtained results show that the usage of this web tool allows identifying areas with the same behavior toward soil variables, making it possible for the user to have a better and more accurate vision of the area to be worked on and to identify possible causes of variation in productivity. Because it is installed in a server with on-demand features, the software has a satisfactory performance from a functional point of view and can be accessed from any web environment.

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