CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY DATABASE ANALYSIS: A RESTRICTED DIALYSIS COHORT /

Summary Background: A retrospective study was undertaken to inves- tigate the biochemistry data of a restricted cohort of dialysis- related arthropathy patients. The aim of our study was to characterize this specific cohort of dialysis patients using a clinical chemistry database analysis. Methods: An elaboration of more than 160,000 items of biochemical data, collected from 2001 to 20|11, was made of 50 patients, 25 with dialysis-related arthropathy and 25 patients asymptomatic for arthropathy. A Student's t-test was applied, considering a P-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Significant and relevant unexpected biochemical dif- ferences were found between the two groups of patients. The serum level of p2-microglobulin was similar, while fer- ritin values were significantly higher in symptomatic patients. We excluded the possibility that the ferritin difference between the two groups was due to different iron storage and to an inflammatory profile. Conclusions: The correct use of a biochemical database could permit to identify significant values which must be cor- related with clinical data, but which could be the first step to a wider research.

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Ferritin in Joint Arthroplasty: Can It Be a Possible Biochemical Indicator of Articular Pain?

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/jomb-2014-0026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 384-389

Author(s):

Paolo Paparella ◽

Enzo Caruso ◽

Massimo Barbieri ◽

Martina Bellini

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Pain Scale ◽

P Value ◽

Iron Storage ◽

Before And After ◽

Severe Postoperative Pain ◽

Inflammatory Profile ◽

Student’S T

Summary Background: A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the biochemistry data of a restricted cohort of patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate laboratory data behavior and the VAS pain scale before and after joint replacement. Methods: We produced an elaboration of the biochemical data of 90 orthopedic patients, collected from 2011 to 2013. These 90 patients were divided into 2 groups: one group of 45 patients who claimed severe postoperative pain and one group of 45 patients who showed no or mild postoperative pain. A student's t-test was applied, considering a P value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Pearson correlation was applied. The pain visual analog scale [VAS] was employed. Results: Significant and relevant unexpected biochemical differences were found between the two groups of patients. The serum level of ferritin was significantly higher in men who claimed postoperative pain. We excluded the possibility that the ferritin difference between the two groups was due to different iron storage or to an inflammatory profile. Conclusions: The correct use of a biochemical database could permit identification of significant values which must be correlated with clinical data: these results confirmed what has been found in a dialysis cohort.

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Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v8i4.32384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 193-199

Author(s):

Pujan Balla ◽

Anil Shrestha ◽

Ninadini Shrestha ◽

Navindra Bista ◽

Moda Nath Marhatta

Keyword(s):

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Induced Hypotension ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.

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CD34+ Selection before Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Comparison of the Nexell Isolex 300i® and Miltenyi Biotec CliniMACS® Systems.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.1070.1070 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 1070-1070

Author(s):

Simon Mantha ◽

David G. Savage ◽

Gwen L. Nichols ◽

Donna Skerrett ◽

Charles S. Hesdorffer

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Plasma Cell Dyscrasia ◽

P Value ◽

Student’S T ◽

Cd34 Selection ◽

Number Of Cells ◽

Student’S T Test

Abstract Autologous stem cell transplant has been used with variable success rates in the treatment of different malignancies. One of the potential causes of relapse is contamination of the stem cell collection by neoplastic cells. Purging the stem cells by CD34+ selection has been used to reduce such contamination. In this study two different devices were compared in their efficiency to achieve CD34+ selection of peripheral blood stem cells collected in individuals undergoing autologous transplant for breast cancer, neuroblastoma, plasma cell dyscrasia, lymphoma (both Hodgkin and non Hodgkin), rhabdomyosarcoma and amyloidosis. A total of 28 patients were randomized to CD34 selection on the Nexell Isolex 300i® system (NIS) or the Miltenyi Biotec CliniMACS® (MCMS) system. The prevalence of plasma cell dyscrasia was higher in the MCMS group (57%) than in the NIS group (22%). On the other hand, there were 2 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma and 2 cases of breast cancer in the NIS group, in comparison to none in the MCMS group. Average values for parameters of selection efficacy for the 19 patients transplanted are shown in table 1 (recovery = number of cells post / number of cells pre-selection X 100, viability measured with the trypan blue exclusion test). Transplant was done as per local protocols according to the type of malignancy. CD34+ cell dose was determined by institutional guidelines. Average values for engraftment are shown in table 2 (two patients who died before engraftment in the MCMS group were excluded from calculation of the mean values). One patient died of graft failure in the MCMS group in contrast to none in the NIS group. Although the numbers of patients are relatively low, this is the first randomized study in which the selection efficiency of the NIS and MCMS devices have been compared in patients receiving CD34-selected autografts. CFU-GM recovery and cell viability were lower, while neutrophil engraftment was slower in the MCMS group, but these differences were not statistically significant. Our data do not show any clinically significant advantage for either the NIS or MCMS selection device. Table 1 Device CD34+ recovery (%,range) CFU-GEMM recovery (%,range) CFU-GM recovery (%,range) Viability pre (%,range) Viability post (%,range) P-value calculated with Student’s t-Test. NIS 52 (16–76) 5 (1–14) 9 (0–42) 95 (91–99) 95 (90–99) MCMS 66 (48–75) 4 (1–5) 5 (0–9) 94 (80–99) 88 (60–100) P 0.17 0.71 0.57 0.69 0.16 Table 2 Device CD34+ infused (X 106/kg, range) Time to ANC ≥500 (days, range) Time to plt ≥20 (days, range) # Units plt P-value calculated with Student’s t-Test. NIS 3.6 (2.0–5.2) 12.2 (9–20) 15.9 (11–38) 19.4 (0–30) MCMS 3.6 (1.5–5.1) 15.1 (11- ∞) 16.8 (9-∞) 40.2 (6–150) P - 0.22 0.79 0.23

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ACUTE APPENDICITIS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.09.1140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (09) ◽

pp. 1212-1216

Author(s):

Abdul Salam Memon ◽

Shahida Khatoon ◽

Riaz Ahmed Memon ◽

Afzal Junejo

Keyword(s):

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Mean Platelet Volume ◽

P Value ◽

Platelet Volume ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Control Study ◽

Student’S T Test

Objectives: To study mean platelet volume (MPV) in acute appendicitis andits correlation with leukocyte count. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration:Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabadfrom January 2013 to February 2014. Subjects and Methods: Subjects with clinical suspicionof acute appendicitis were selected according inclusion and exclusion criteria. A sample of 49acute appendicitis patients and 37 controls were studied. The Blood samples were collected insodium citrate vacutainers and processed on Sysmex KX 21 analyzers. The main analysis wasthe comparison of the difference of MPV between acute appendicitis and controls. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS version 21.0 by student’s t-test, Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation (r)was used to evaluate association of MPV with platelet counts and leukocytes. A p-value of ≤0.05was taken significant. Results: The mean platelet volume and leukocytes were significantlyelevated in patients with acute appendicitis. MPV and leukocytosis in controls and cases werenoted as 7.93±2.1 vs. 9.10±2.9fl (p=0.0001) and 6980±120 vs. 13980±340 μL-1 respectively.MPV was positively correlated with leukocytosis (r=0.419) (p=0.0001), while Platelets showeda negative correlation. Conclusion: Elevated MPV and leukocytosis are observed in acuteappendicitis. MPV may be exploited for clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis but in a properclinical context along with leukocytosis.

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Biaya dan Outcome Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Kelas B dan C

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/eki.v1i1.1763 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Firda Tania ◽

Hasbullah Thabrany

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Intermediate Outcome ◽

Student’S T ◽

Base Group ◽

Eq Vas ◽

Student’S T Test

Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK) merupakan kondisi yang semakin meningkat kejadiannya di Indonesia, menghabiskan banyak dana publik Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Dalam program JKN, hemodialisis (HD) untuk penanganan GGK dijamin tetapi perleu keseimbangan antara biaya dan outcome. Sejak 2014, BPJS menanggung hampir seluruh biaya HD di Indonesia dengan besaran tarif Casemix Base Group (CBG) yang berbeda menurut kelas Rumah Sakit (RS). Tujaun dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan biaya Hemodialisis pada Rumah Sakit Kelas B dan Kelas C.Studi evaluasi ekonomi ini dilakukan di dua RS dengan kelas berbeda: kelas B (RS B) dan kelas C (RS C) dengan perbedaan kepemilikan. Kepemilikan RS B adalah pemerintah daerah sedangkan RS C dimiliki oleh yayasan swasta. Outcome HD diukur dengan suatu survey ke pasien HD. Analisis outcome dilakukan dengan penilaian kualitas hidup (instrumen EQ-5D) dengan Indeks EQ, EQ VAS, intermediate outcome berupa rerata Intra Dialytic Weight Loss (IDWL), dan rerata Hb. Perbedaan rerata nilai hasil diuji dengan Student’s t-test. Responden dipilih dari pasien GGK yang menjalani HD di kedua RS selama Februari-April 2016. Analisis biaya menurut perspektif pasien, meliputi biaya langsung medis, biaya langsung non medis, dan biaya tidak langsung. Biaya sebenarnya yang dikeluarkan oleh RS dikumpulkan dari dokumen RS. Studi kualitatif tambahan dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci di RS yang bertanggung jawab atas unit HD. Pada penelitian ini, total responden sebanyak adalah 100 orang (di RS B 76 orang & di RS C 24 orang). Menurut perspektif pasien, biaya langsung medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 5.215.331 dan di RS C Rp 7.781.744. Besaran tarif CBG untuk RS kelas B adalah Rp 962.800 dan kelas C adalah Rp 893.300. Menurut perspektif RS, tidak terdapat perbedaan biaya operasional HD antar kelas RS. Biaya langsung non medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 566.260 dan di RS C Rp 334.500. Biaya tidak langsung HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 165.530 dan di RS C Rp 45.830. Rerata total biaya HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 6.149.285 dan di RS C Rp 8.162.077. Pada intermediate outcome didapatkan bahwa rerata Hb pada RS B sebesar 10,26 g% berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (8,21 g%), p= 0,000. Rerata IDWL pada RS B (0,0403) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (0,0438), p= 0.188. Rerata EQ Indeks sebesar 0,7178 dan EQ VAS sebesar 64,74 di RS B tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan rerata EQ Indeks sebesar 0,7208 dan EQ VAS sebesar 64,79 di RS C, dengan p value secara berurutan p=0,94 dan p= 0,986

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The Effect of Different Shades, Voltages and Increment Thickness on the Polymerization Depth of a Microhybrid Composite

International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Farhan Raza Khan ◽

Muhammad Hasan ◽

Syed Iqbal Azam

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Developing World ◽

Dental Composite ◽

P Value ◽

Depth Of Cure ◽

Variable Voltage ◽

The Mean ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Aim Electric fluctuations in the developing world are common and may affect dental composite curing. We determined the effect of variable voltage and increasing thickness of different shades of composite on its depth-of-cure. Materials and methods ISO scrapping method was used on 14 commonly used shades of Esthet-X HD composites. Student's t-test and ANOVA were applied to compare the mean depth-of-cure and a linear regression model was developed using variables voltage (180 V and 220 V), material thickness (2, 4 and 6 mm) and shades (n = 14). Results The mean curing depth of samples was significantly reduced at 180 volts compared to 220 volts (p-value <0.002). At thickness of 2 mm, all samples were fully cured but when it was raised to 4 mm, the depth-of-cure reduced to 1.86 mm ± 0.06; while at 6 mm thickness, it reached to 1.96 mm ± 0.06 (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Around 82% variation in the depth-of-cure is explained by voltage, thickness and shade of composite material (p-value <0.001). Clinical significance Electric fluctuations are prevalent in the developing world and thus poor voltage flow is responsible for dental composite's inadequate polymerization. How to cite this article Khan FR, Hasan M, Azam SI. The Effect of Different Shades, Voltages and Increment Thickness on the Polymerization Depth of a Microhybrid Composite. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):52-56.

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SERUM FERRITIN

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.03.393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 454-460

Author(s):

Humaira Imtiaz ◽

Wajid Akbar ◽

Usman Ali

Keyword(s):

Serum Ferritin ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Bone Age ◽

P Value ◽

Normal Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Data ◽

Student’S T ◽

And Control ◽

Student’S T Test

Objectives: The aims is to determine whether there is any difference between thebone age of thalassemic children with chronological age and serum ferritin and its correlationwith normal children of the same age. Study design: This was cross sectional analytical study.Place & Duration: The study was conducted as age sex matched normal control, from Fatimidand Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar during August 2014 to January 2015. Material &Methods: A total 156 samples were selected conveniently to make comparison of bone agebetween thalassemic children (age 9-15years) and control. A structure data collection check listwas used to collect data X-ray findings (bone age) and Ferritin level. Data were analyzed usingSPSS version 20 and MS Excel. The frequency, proportion, percentages, ratio, means and SDwere calculated. Student’s t- test was applied to compare the means of biochemical measuresbetween the two groups, P value ≤ 0.05. Results: The results indicate total 156 children wereincluded with mean age 11.9 ± 2.2, {97(62.2%) were being males and 59 (37.8%) were beingfemales}. Out of thalassemic (n= 76) majority 49 (62.8%) were male as compare to female29(37.2%). The bone age was significantly different from control (p = 0001). Similarly the meanferritin concentrations were also different (P = 0001). Conclusion: Serum ferritin level could beone of the indictors for osteoporosis and thus may play an imperative role in the managementof thalassemia patients by early diagnosis and treatment.

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Risk of Covid-19 infection during endoscopy: Efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) in protecting health professionals

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.37.4.4057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Akif Dilshad ◽

Shahid Sarwar ◽

Farheen Aslam ◽

Adnan Shabbir ◽

Shafqat Rasool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Health Professionals ◽

P Value ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Student’S T ◽

Open Access Article ◽

Student’S T Test

Objectives: To correlate compliance to personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols and risk of exposure to SARS-COV-2 infection in endoscopy staff. Methods: We included 85 endoscopic procedures performed at Lahore General Hospital from May to July 2020. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) were implemented for patient selection, risk stratification and personal protective equipment (PPE) use for endoscopy staff. Patient and endoscopy staff were followed for Covid-19 infection. PPE scores for staff and Covid-19 positivity on follow-up were correlated using student’s t test. Results: Following 85 procedures included, 2 (2.3%) patients became Covid-19 positive. PPE score was <9 in 5 (5.8%) procedures for endoscopist and Covid-19 developed in 2 (2.3%) of them, PPE score was <9 during 19 (22.3%) procedures in 1st assistant and 9 (10.5%) developed infection and for 2nd assistant PPE score was <9 in 19(22.3%) endoscopies and 5 (5.9%) tested positive for covid-19. Infectivity of endoscopy staff was 6.2%. Association between PPE score and risk of Covid-19 was not significant. (p value 0.51 for endoscopist, 0.10 for 1st assistant and 0.09 for 2nd assistant). Conclusion: Compliance of SOPs for infection control reduces risk of acquiring Covid-19 infection during endoscopy. Proper use of PPE is effective for safety of endoscopy staff. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4057 How to cite this:Dilshad MA, Sarwar S, Aslam F, Shabbir A, Rasool S, Tayyab GN. Risk of Covid-19 infection during endoscopy: Efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) in protecting health professionals. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4057 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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103 The Characteristics of Frail Older Patients Admitted Through an Emergency Department, who Experience New Disability due to Acute Illness

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz102.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii1-iii16

Author(s):

Sara Inglis ◽

Siobhan Ryan ◽

Jennifer Maher ◽

Ciara Pender ◽

Karen Sayers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Barthel Index ◽

Older Patients ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Functional Decline ◽

P Value ◽

Main Determinant ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Abstract Background No current tool reliably predicts functional decline risk. The modified Barthel Index (mBI) is a validated measure of disability, ideal for use within an interdisciplinary assessment. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the proportion and characteristics of newly admitted frail older patients who experience drops in their Barthel index, requiring intervention. Methods Consecutive acute emergency patients identified as Variable Indicative of Placement positive at triage, were assessed using an interdisciplinary assessment tool (IAT), from February 1st 2019 to March 31st 2019. Data was entered into an excel database on demographics, baseline mBI and inpatient (within 72 hours) mBI, frailty-associated co-morbidities and multi-disciplinary interventions and analysed using Student’s T-test. Results 150 consecutive patients were assessed with a mean age (mean (+/- SD)) of 83.1(+/- 7.4). mBI scores were recorded for 111(74%) of patients. Mean mBI prior to current illness was 15.4(+/- 4.9). Post-illness mBI was 12.5(+/- 5.3). 65(58.6%) patients experienced an mBI drop. Mean drop was 4.9 (+/- 2.8) points. There was no difference in age or baseline mobility between those who either did or did not experience an mBI drop. Patients with a drop had higher mean pre-illness mBI (16.2 vs. 14.2; p-value 0.017, 4AT score (1.98 vs. 1.11; p-value 0.035) and increased falls history (40 vs. 18 patients; p-value <0.01), compared to patients with no drop. They required more referrals to the multidisciplinary team (3.7 vs. 2.9, p-value 0.002). Conclusion Higher proportions of frail patients experienced a drop in function compared with studies where age is used as a cut-off. Within this small frail patient cohort, age was surprisingly not associated with mBI drops. Using frailty as the main determinant for assessment rather than age, results in a different cohort of patients, at risk of functional decline. Future predictive tools should focus on frailty rather than on age.

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An in vivo study to record bite force until denture dislodgement of an existing and new maxillary denture with and without use of denture adhesive

RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.26715/rjds.10_1_2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Chandrakala .V ◽

Nandeeshawar. D.B

Keyword(s):

P Value ◽

Complete Dentures ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Denture Adhesive ◽

Group I ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Denture Adhesives ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVES: Thoughadequate retention is a basic requirement, there are situations in which it is not possible to obtain desirable optimal retention. Because of ill effects to supporting tissues due to many mechanical aids for retention, many patients frequently resort to the use of denture adhesives. Due to technique sensitivity and limitations of many techniques to measure the retention of a complete denture, this study was planned to evaluate and compare the BFDD with the following aims and objectives; • To measure BFDD in an existing denture without and with use of denture adhesive. • To measure BFDD in new denture without and with use of denture adhesive. • To compare BFDD between an existing and new denture without and with use of denture adhesive. METHODOLGY: Among total of twenty edentulous subjects, Group I& Group II for Method A & B were made. The data obtained by BFDD measurements were statistically analyzed using ANOVA for different time intervals and student’s t-test for group wise comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that consistent improvements were observed in BFDD when adhesive was used. The p-value was highly significant (p<0.001 HS) at all time intervals for both existing and new set of complete dentures.

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