scholarly journals Biaya dan Outcome Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Kelas B dan C

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda Tania ◽  
Hasbullah Thabrany
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intermediate Outcome ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Base Group ◽  
Eq Vas ◽  
Student’S T Test

 Gagal Ginjal Kronis (GGK) merupakan kondisi yang semakin meningkat kejadiannya di Indone­sia, menghabiskan banyak dana publik Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Dalam program JKN, hemodi­alisis (HD) untuk penanganan GGK dijamin tetapi perleu keseimbangan antara biaya dan outcome. Sejak 2014, BPJS menanggung hampir seluruh biaya HD di Indonesia dengan besaran tarif Casemix Base Group (CBG) yang berbeda menurut kelas Rumah Sakit (RS). Tujaun dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan biaya Hemodialisis pada Rumah Sakit Kelas B dan Kelas C.Studi evaluasi ekonomi ini dilakukan di dua RS dengan kelas berbeda: kelas B (RS B) dan kelas C (RS C) dengan perbedaan kepemilikan. Kepemilikan RS B adalah pemerintah daerah sedangkan RS C dimiliki oleh yayasan swasta. Outcome HD diukur dengan suatu survey ke pasien HD. Analisis outcome dilakukan dengan penilaian kualitas hidup (instrumen EQ-5D) dengan Indeks EQ, EQ VAS, intermediate outcome berupa rerata Intra Dialytic Weight Loss (IDWL), dan rerata Hb. Perbedaan rerata nilai hasil diuji dengan Student’s t-test. Responden dipilih dari pasien GGK yang menjalani HD di kedua RS selama Feb­ruari-April 2016. Analisis biaya menurut perspektif pasien, meliputi biaya langsung medis, biaya langsung non medis, dan biaya tidak langsung. Biaya sebenarnya yang dikeluarkan oleh RS dikumpulkan dari doku­men RS. Studi kualitatif tambahan dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci di RS yang bertanggung jawab atas unit HD. Pada penelitian ini, total responden sebanyak adalah 100 orang (di RS B 76 orang & di RS C 24 orang). Menurut perspektif pasien, biaya langsung medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 5.215.331 dan di RS C Rp 7.781.744. Besaran tarif CBG untuk RS kelas B adalah Rp 962.800 dan kelas C adalah Rp 893.300. Menurut perspektif RS, tidak terdapat perbedaan biaya operasional HD antar kelas RS. Biaya langsung non medis HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 566.260 dan di RS C Rp 334.500. Biaya tidak langsung HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 165.530 dan di RS C Rp 45.830. Rerata total biaya HD selama sebulan di RS B Rp 6.149.285 dan di RS C Rp 8.162.077. Pada intermediate outcome didapatkan bahwa rerata Hb pada RS B sebesar 10,26 g% berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (8,21 g%), p= 0,000. Rerata IDWL pada RS B (0,0403) tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan RS C (0,0438), p= 0.188. Rerata EQ Indeks sebesar 0,7178 dan EQ VAS sebesar 64,74 di RS B tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan rerata EQ Indeks sebesar 0,7208 dan EQ VAS sebesar 64,79 di RS C, dengan p value secara berurutan p=0,94 dan p= 0,986

Predictors of Inappropriate Helicopter Transport

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482095142
Author(s):  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Wajeeh Irfan ◽  
Jonathan E. Schoen ◽  
Alan B. Marr ◽  
Lance E. Stuke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background Helicopter transport (HT) is an efficient, but costly, means for injured patients to receive life-saving, definitive trauma care. Identifying the characteristics of inappropriate HT presents an opportunity to improve the utilization of this finite medical resource. Methods Trauma registry records of all HT for a 3-year period (2016-2018) to an urban Level I trauma center were reviewed. HT was defined as inappropriate for patients who were discharged home from the emergency department or had a hospital length of stay <1 day, and who were discharged alive. Chi-square analysis and Student’s t-test were used for univariate analysis. Predictors with a P value of less than .15 were subject to binary logistic regression analysis. A P value ≤.05 was considered significant. Results There were 713 patients who received HT during the study period. One-hundred and forty-eight (20.8%) patients met the criteria as an inappropriate HT. In univariate analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale >8, Shock Index <0.9, and fall mechanism were found to be significantly associated with inappropriate HT. Age >55 was found to be associated with an appropriate HT. The average Injury Severity Score of the inappropriate HT group was 3.86 (±3.85) compared with 16.80 (±11.23) ( P = .0001, Student’s t-test). Discussion Our findings suggest that there are evidence-based predictors of patients receiving inappropriate HT. Triage of HT using these predictors has the potential to decrease unnecessary deployments and reduce health care costs.

scholarly journals Nurses' leadership styles in the icu: association with personal and professional profile and workload

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pazetto Balsanelli ◽  
Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha ◽  
Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Professional Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This study aims to explore the association between nurses' leadership styles and personal and professional nursing profile and workload. The sample consisted of seven nurses and seven nursing technicians who were grouped into pairs. At the end of three months, nurses were queried regarding what leadership style would be adopted when the nursing technician under their evaluation delivered care to patients admitted to the ICU. Relevant data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Tukey's multiple comparison test and Student's t-test (p< 0.05). Nursing workload reached 80.1% on average. The personal and professional profile variables did not show any relation with the leadership styles chosen by nurses (p>0.05). The determine, persuade, and share leadership styles prevailed. However, whenever the nursing workload peaked, the determine and persuade styles were used (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9&plusmn;6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9&plusmn;9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

scholarly journals Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Lijo Isaac ◽  
A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽  
Reshma Karkera ◽  
R Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.  

scholarly journals Effect of ondansetron on spinal induced hypotension in caesarean deliveries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Pujan Balla ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Ninadini Shrestha ◽  
Navindra Bista ◽  
Moda Nath Marhatta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique of anesthesia employed for caesarean sections. However, it is very often complicated by hypotension. Different drugs and techniques have been used to prevent the hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia. In this study, the effect of ondansetron on the prevention of hypotension after spinal anesthesia was evaluated. Objectives: To determine the effect of prophylactic ondansetron on prevention of spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean section. Methodology: Eighty-six parturients planned for elective caesarean deliveries were randomized into two groups of 43 each. Group O received Ondansetron 4 mg (4 ml) and Group S received Normal Saline (4 ml) intravenously 10 minutes prior to spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure, heart rate, phenylephrine requirements, occurrence of nausea and vomiting and APGAR scores of neonates were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic data was analyzed using Student’s t-test for intergroup comparison and ANOVA was used for intragroup comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. For all determinants, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Occurrence of hypotension in Group O (20.9 %) was significantly lower than in Group S (72.1%) (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in Group O at 2, 6, 8, 12 and 14 minutes (p < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine (37.21 mcg vs. 146.51 mcg, p < 0.05) and occurrence of nausea (11.6%, vs. 41.9% p < 0.002) was significantly lower in ondansetron group. Conclusion: Ondansetron is effective in preventing spinal induced hypotension in elective caesarean sections.

scholarly journals The influence of proteinuria on tubular transport of Na+, K+, CL

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Radmila Obrenovic ◽  
Mileta Poskurica ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Functional and structural damages of tubulointerstitium are caused by proteinuria. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different proteinuria levels on Na+, K+, Cl tubular transport. We examined 50 patients (24 males, 26 females), mean age 46.50 ? 13.08 years, with mean creati-nine clearence of 87.29 ? 31.17 mL/min. They were separated in three groups depending on proteinuria value. The first group with proteinuria less than 0.3 g/24h included 19 persons (7 males, 12 females), mean age 45.12 ? 13.28 years, with mean creatinine clearance of 94.27 ? 34.70 mL/min. The second group of 18 patients (8 males, 10 females), mean age 45.39 ? 12.64 years had proteinuria of 0.3-3,0 g/24h and mean creatinine clearance of 90.07 ? 31.89 mL/min. The third group had proteinuria level higher than 3.0g/24h and mean creatinine clearance of 73.25 ? 20.44 mL/min. It included 13 patients (9 males, 4 females), mean age 50.08 ? 13.73 years. As a parameter of proteinuria influence on tubular transport of Na+, K+ and Cl-, fractional excretion of these electrolytes, was studied. Student's T test, Mann Whitney U test and c2 test were used for statistical analysis. No statistically significant influence of proteinuria was found on Na+, K+ and Cl tubular transport.

scholarly journals Πρόγνωση ασθενών με κακοήθεια που εισάγονται στη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σουσάνα Ανίσογλου
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Saps Ii ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Η συλλογή, ανάλυση και επεξεργασία στοιχείων ογκολογικών ασθενών που νοσηλεύθηκαν στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας (Μ.Ε.Θ.) και η συσχέτισή τους με συγκεκριμένους πιθανούς παράγοντες κινδύνου .ΥΛΙΚΟ: Πρόκειται για μία προοπτική μελέτη παρατήρησης (prospective observational) σε δείγμα 125 ογκολογικών ασθενών που νοσηλεύθηκαν στη Μ.Ε.Θ. κατά την τελευταία διετία.ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Αξιολογήθηκαν επιδημιολογικοί, κλινικοί και λειτουργικοί παράγοντες. Ειδικότερα ελέγχθηκαν η πρωτοπαθής νεοπλασματική νόσος, η ηλικία, η παρουσία στεφανιαίας νόσου, χρόνιας αποφρακτικής πνευμονοπάθειας, σακχαρώδους διαβήτη, νεφρικής ανεπάρκειας, ο δείκτης μάζας σώματος, η εφαρμογή χημειοθεραπείας ή και ακτινοθεραπείας, η διάρκεια νοσηλείας, τα score βαρύτητας (APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA) και η έκβαση (εξιτήριο ή θάνατος) και έγιναν συσχετίσεις με τα προηγούμενα στοιχεία. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε το στατιστικό λογισμικό πακέτο SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) για Windows. Οι συνεχείς μεταβλητές παρουσιάζονται ως μέσοι όροι + τυπική απόκλιση (mean + standard deviation). Για τη σύγκριση των μέσων όρων μεταξύ δύο ομάδων έγινε χρήση του student’s t-test, εφόσον οι μεταβλητές ακολουθούσαν την κανονική κατανομή και του Mann-Whitney U test στην αντίθετη περίπτωση. Για την ανάδειξη συσχετίσεων μεταξύ ποιοτικών μεταβλητών έγινε χρήση του x2 test.ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Η θνητότητα ανήλθε στο 48.8%. Στατιστικά σημαντικοί παράγοντες κακής έκβασης κατά την εισαγωγή του ασθενούς στη ΜΕΘ ήταν τα score βαρύτητας (APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA), το πτωχό performance status και τα συνυπάρχοντα σοβαρά νοσήματα. Στατιστικά σημαντικοί παράγοντες κακής έκβασης κατά τη διάρκεια νοσηλείας του ασθενούς στη Μ.Ε.Θ. ήταν η διάρκεια του μηχανικού αερισμού, η χρήση αγγειοσυσπαστικών, η πολυοργανική ανεπάρκεια και η σηπτική κατάσταση. Από τις εργαστηριακές εξετάσεις στατιστικά σημαντικές ήταν ο χαμηλός αριθμός αιμοπεταλίων και η θετική αιμοκαλλιέργεια. Ο στατιστικός έλεγχος αξιολόγησης κατά Hosmer Lemeshow παρά τον σχετικά μικρό αριθμό του δείγματος επιβεβαίωσε τη χρησιμότητα των APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA ως προγνωστικών μοντέλων.ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Η πρόγνωση ογκολογικών ασθενών που εισάγονται στη ΜΕΘ είναι μέτρια. Υπάρχουν σαφείς προγνωστικοί παράγοντες κινδύνου που μπορούν να συνθέσουν ένα είδος προγνωστικού μοντέλου, ωστόσο απαιτούνται περαιτέρω πολυκεντρικές μελέτες με προοπτικό χαρακτήρα σε μεγαλύτερο αριθμό ασθενών.

On the Use of Student's t-Test in an Asymmetrical Population

Biometrika ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 36 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
S. G. Ghurye
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test
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