scholarly journals Biocontrol of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt by Bacillus Spp. Rhizobacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souad Zaim ◽  
Lakhdar Belabid ◽  
Miloud Bellahcene
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Abstract Among 131 rhizobacteria isolates, 29 potentially antagonistic strains were screened in in vitro assays. The five antagonistic Bacillus spp. Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 showed the most inhibitory effect against FOC1 (from 25.63 to 71.11%), mycelial growth, and FOC2 (from 28.43 to 60.65%) in vitro. Results also revealed that production of volatile metabolite, components and inhibition of the test pathogen by volatile metabolites varied among different antagonistic rhizobacteria. Isolates Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 produced more volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FOC growth by 40%. Chickpea Fusarium wilt severity caused by FOC1 was reduced from 60 to 99% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic Bacillus spp. (Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15) in pot assays and by 98, 81, 68, 64, 57.20%, respectively, in the field trials. As for their beneficial effects on disease control, the results revealed that Bacillus spp. may improve plant growth and disease control.

scholarly journals In Vitro Sensitivity Research Concerning Some Microorganisms at Hydroxyquinoline and Cupric Derivatives Deposited onto Hydroxyapatite

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Sorin Rapuntean ◽  
Alexandru Pop ◽  
Vasile Miclaus ◽  
Corina Garbo ◽  
Flore Chirila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Bacillus Spp

ABSTRACT Introduction: The preparations based on hydroxyquinoline, in various combinations, are used in medicine, being shown to have an inhibitory effect against bacteria, molds, fungi, parasites, and viruses, but also having other beneficial effects mentioned in other medical conditions (anti-cancer, anti-degenerative, anti-inflammatory). Aims: In vitro susceptibility testing of microorganisms: bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), yeast (Candida spp.,) and unicellular algae (Prototheca spp.) at the preparations based on hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and its cupric derivatives deposited on hydroxyapatite (HAP). Materials and methods: There were tested microbial strains of the following genera: Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Candida, and Prototheca. The tested products (developed in the Laboratory for Nanobiomaterials Synthesis, Center of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, UBB Cluj-Napoca) were developed in three versions: 1) HQ–Cu2+–HAP1; 2) HQ–Cu2+–HAP2; and 3) NHQ–Cu2+–HAP2, where NHQ stands for nitro hydroxyquinoline. Determination of the inhibitory effect was conducted by diffusion technique in nutrient agar, according to CLSI 2013 standards, with necessary adaptations for testing of products made in the form of suspensions. Results: Following interpretation, it was found that the inhibition zones, arising from the antimicrobial effect of the tested products showed variability in size, depending on the test product and the microbial strain: Escherichia coli (8-10 mm), Staphylococcus sp. (17.6 - 23.2 mm), Micrococcus spp. (24.4 - 27.6 mm), Bacillus spp. (14.0 - 16.0 mm), Candida spp. (20.4 - 25.2 mm), Prototheca spp. (20.8 - 30.0 mm). From the three tested products, the best efficacy was found at the product no. 3 (NHQ – Cu2+ – HAP2), followed by no. 1 (HQ– Cu2+–HAP1) and no. 2 (HQ–Cu2+–HAP2). Conclusions: The inhibitory effect was bactericidal, manifested more intensively against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and prototheca. Such products, prepared in the form of suspensions, may have practical application in the prevention and treatment of skin or hooves disorders. No resistance phenomena are recorded. Keywords: copper, hydroxyapatite, hydroxyquinoline, microorganisms, sensitivity.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibitory effect of herbal organic formulations on mycelial growth of Pea wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 110-112
Author(s):  
W. Tampakleima Chanu ◽  
Bireswar Sinha ◽  
Kota Chakrapani
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Organic Formulations ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of this study was to determine inhibitory activities of three herbal organic formulations (fungidote, viridote, and bacteridote) on in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt of a pea in Manipur. In vitro results showed that these formulations inhibited the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum in a dose-dependent manner. Fungidote was found to be the most in reducing mycelial growth compared to the other two formulations at different concentrations. These results underpin that formulations could be used in eco-friendly disease management of Fusarium wilt of a pea.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

Characterization of Serratia species and qualitative detection of Serratia marcescens in raw and pasteurized milk by an analytical method based on polymerase chain reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 3453-3464
Author(s):  
Evelin Korcz ◽  
László Varga ◽  
Zoltán Kerényi
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Serratia species are opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms primarily known as nosocomial infectious agents, which can also cause food quality problems. The appearance of the extracellular pigment-producing Serratia marcescens in cow’s milk causes its red discoloration, posing a challenge to the dairy industry and food certification laboratories. The detection of the bacterium by conventional procedures based on microbiological methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and in many cases does not lead to satisfactory results due to the competitive inhibitory effect of the accompanying microflora. Following the analysis of the relevant literature, the published endpoint PCR methods and the primers used for the detection of S. marcescens were evaluated in in silico and in vitro assays, and then the procedure was tested on farm milk samples. Using the method, a total of 60 raw and pasteurized milk samples were analyzed, more than half of which (i.e., 32) were identified as S. marcescens positive. The significance of our work is mainly represented by the application of the published test methods in food industry practice. Our results highlight to the importance of detecting this bacterial species.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system on Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium spiculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Teodoro Arroyo Cordero ◽  
Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos ◽  
Ana Jiménez-Araujo ◽  
Rafael Guillén-Bejarano ◽  
María José Basallote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Important Additional Information

Glucosinolate extracts from sprouts of common Brassica nigra, B. juncea cv. Scala, B. carinata cv. Eleven, and Sinapis alba cv. Ludique were analysed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry. The effect of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system on in vitro mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Pythium spiculum B. Paul was assessed. Likewise, sinigrin and sinalbin monohydrate commercial standards were also tested. The extracts from B. carinata, which contained 159 mmol/g plant DW equivalent (85% sinigrin, 5% gluconapin, and 3% glucotropaeolin), were the most effective against Phytophthora and Pythium isolates used in this study. However, the extract from S. alba, which contained 1 180 mmol/g (100% sinalbin), did not inhibit the mycelial growth of the isolates tested. The use of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system provides important additional information to advance in the implementation of field application of brassicaceous amendments for the control of soil-borne pathogens.

Abiotic Compounds as Inducers of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomatoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jose R. M. Campos Neto ◽  
Leonardo de J. M. G. de Oliveira ◽  
Nathalia B. Diniz ◽  
Ivaneide de O. Nascimento ◽  
Antonia Alice C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

To study the effects of resistance inducers used to control fusarium wilt in tomatoes due to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici, we evaluated the effects of ASM (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Agro-Mos, chitosan, Biopirol and neem oil on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth and sporulation and systemic resistance in tomatoes. In vitro experiments comprised evaluations of the products’ effects on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the PDA (potato dextrose agar) growth medium-cultured pathogen. In vivo experiments included product application to tomato plants of the Santa Cruz cultivar that were grown for 25 days on autoclaved soil, followed by determinations of disease severity and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity levels, which are related to the process of resistance induction. Pathogen inoculation occurred after 5 days at a concentration of 106 conidia/mL. We evaluated the disease according to a rating scale. Enzymatic activity was determined according to specific protocols. Neem oil controlled pathogen mycelial growth and sporulation, while ASM influenced sporulation. The products reduced the severity of wilt in the plants. We highlight neem oil, Agro-Mos and Biopirol due to their ability to induce significant peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase expression, respectively.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Diseased Avocado Fruits to Selected Fungicides in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stanley Kirugo Kimaru ◽  
E. Monda ◽  
R. C. Cheruiyot ◽  
J. Mbaka ◽  
A. Alakonya
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Region

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious postharvest pathogen of avocado fruits worldwide. Kenya lacks any registered fungicides for the management of the disease. Nevertheless, farmers commonly use commercially available fungicides such as Bayleton 25WP (Triadimefon 250 g/Kg), Milraz 76WP (Propineb 70% and Cymoxanil 6%), and Copper oxychloride 500WP for disease management. The efficacy of these fungicides against C. gloeosporioides is not known. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the inhibitory effect of these fungicides against 46 C. gloeosporioides isolates from avocado fruits collected from varieties grown at different agroecological zones in Murang’a County, a popular avocado-growing region in Kenya. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation for each isolate were measured in vitro on PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicides. Plates were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment. All fungicides were effective in vitro but there were significant differences in sensitivity among isolates. Bayleton had the highest mycelial inhibition followed by Milraz, while copper oxychloride had the lowest mycelial inhibition rates, ranging from 81% to 88%. However, copper oxychloride was more effective in inhibiting sporulation. The inhibitory effect of each fungicide was concentration-dependent, where twice the recommended concentration had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the recommended concentration. Our results show that the fungicides used by farmers against C. gloeosporioides, the causal agent for anthracnose, are effective. We, however, recommend further field tests in different avocado-growing areas so as to validate their efficacy against various isolates and under different environments.

The Inhibitory Effect of Herbal Medicine -Dai Kenchu To (DKT)- on the Colonic Motility in Rats In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alhakam Tulimat ◽  
Tadashi Ishiguchi ◽  
Susumu Kurosawa ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Dai-Kenchu-To (DKT) is a herbal medicine and is currently used as the treatment of paralytic ileus in Japan. We investigated the mechanism of beneficial effects of DKT in vitro. DKT-extract powder (DKT-EP; 30–300 μg/ml) caused a significant inhibition on carbachol (CCH; 10-6)-induced contraction in a concentration dependent manner of the rat distal colon. DKT-EP (100 μg/ml) consists of 20 μg/ml of Zanthoxylum Fruit, 30 μg/ml of Ginseng Root and 50 μg/ml of Ginger Rhizome. Although each of them had no effect on CCH-induced muscle contraction, the combination of three ingredients caused a significant inhibition on CCH-induced contraction.

scholarly journals Porphyra-334, a mycosporine-like amino acid, attenuates UV-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Suk Suh ◽  
Se Kyung Oh ◽  
Sung Gu Lee ◽  
Il-Chan Kim ◽  
Sanghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Dramatic Decrease ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Active Caspase

Abstract The main aim of the current research was to study the effect of porphyra-334, one of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), well known as UV-absorbing compounds, on UVinduced apoptosis in human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Due to their UV-screening capacity and ability to prevent UV-induced DNA damage, MAAs have recently attracted considerable attention in both industry and research in pharmacology. Herein, human HaCaT cells were used to determine the biological activities of porphyra- 334 by various in vitro assays, including proliferation, apoptosis and Western blot assays. The proliferation rate of UV-irradiated HaCaT cells was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Pretreatment with porphyra- 334 markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect of UV and induced a dramatic decrease in the apoptotic rate. Expression of active caspase-3 protein was increased in response to UV irradiation, while caspase-3 levels were similar between cells treated with porphyra-334 and the non-irradiated control group. Taken together, our data suggest that porphyra-334 inhibits UV-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells through attenuation of the caspase pathway.

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