scholarly journals Influence of discharged industrial effluents on the parameters of surface water in Onitsha urban area, southeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Michael C. Obeta ◽  
Uchenna P. Okafor ◽  
Cletus F. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

Abstract Chemical industries in Onitsha urban area of southeastern Nigeria have been discharging large quantities of effluents into surface streams. These streams are the primary sources of water used by poor households for domestic purposes. This study examines the effects of effluents on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the recipient streams. This objective was achieved by collecting eight effluents and twenty-two water samples from control points, discharge locations and exit chutes of the effluents for analysis. The results of the study characterised the effluents and their effects on the recipient streams. The effluents cause gross pollution of the streams as most of the parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mg, NO3, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, total heterotrophic count (THC) and total coliform group (TCG) returned high values that exceeded the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) benchmark from 2011 for drinking water quality. Only dissolved oxygen (DO), Na, Zn, Ca, and Na returned values lower than the WHO guideline. E. coli was found in all the samples; TCG was also high. This paper, therefore, recommends that the effluent generating industries should treat their effluents before disposal.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Load in Water and Sediments of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Okere J. Kelechi ◽  
Azorji J. Nnawuike ◽  
Iheagwam S. Kelechi ◽  
Emeka J. Emmanuel ◽  
Nzenwa P. Odinaka
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Health Organization

Water pollution is a global problem. The study was carried out to assess the microbial constituents in water and sediment of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie during dry and rainy seasons (March and September, 2020) with comparison to WHO benchmark for drinking water .Samples were randomly collected at six (6) sampling points and analyzed using routine microbiological protocols.  The results revealed detectable amount of microbial activates in surface water of both rivers during the dry and rainy season. During the rainy season, a THB bioload average of 2.02x104 and 5.1x104CFU/mL for Nworie and Otamiri river respectively were measured. For the TCC, the average was 9.8x103 and 2.5x104 CFU/mL, while in the dry period there was corresponding reduction in the bioload value for both rivers. THB average value for Nworie river was 1.34x104 CFU/mL, with corresponding 3.5x104 values for Otamiri river, while in same inclination, TCC measured 6.1x103 and 1.8x104 CFU/mL. There were noteworthy variations in the values for the two rivers as well as in the two seasons. TBC value for Otamiri measured about 1.5 folds than the value for Nworie. In same trend, TCC value for Nworie measured about 39%. All values measured were above WHO permissible limit for drinking water. The biochemical and cultural features of the isolated microorganism in water showed the presence of E. coli identified in the entire stations (100%), Salmonella and faecal coliform occurred 83.3% each, while Vibrio and Shigella were detected in 4 of the 6 stations. The mean total bacterial count, total coliform count and total E. coli, were not in conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) Standard for drinking water and thus constitute a threat to the River; these were attributed to indiscriminate waste dumps around the rivers. The study underscores the need for adequate waste management system to forestall outbreak of pathogenic diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Water Samples of Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A. O. Omonona ◽  
A. T. Adetuga ◽  
T. V. Solotan
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
National Park ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edo State

Water is very crucial for the survival and maintenance of most living organisms. The quality of water available for plant, animal or human use cannot therefore be compromised. This study therefore examined the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of water samples in Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from four waterholes (three rivers and one stream) for two seasons (dry and wet) using grab sampling technique. These water samples were analysed for physicochemical [temperature, pH, total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, chloride, phosphate, sulphate, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)] and microbiological (total coliform and fungal counts) analyses using standard methods. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and T-test at α0.05 and compared with WHO permissible limits. The result showed that the mean COD (both seasons) and BOD (dry season) were above the comparable WHO permissible limit while there was no significant difference in the values of all the physicochemical parameters across the seasons of sampling. Salmonella / Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus were observed to be absent while the total coliform and fungi counts were observed to be higher than the WHO permissible limit for drinking water. The detection of Escherichia coli in the water samples (except Arakhuan stream) is an indication of faecal contamination either of animal or human origin. There was significant difference in total heterotrophic bacteria (t=-4.936) and total coliform counts (t=-2.417) in the waters sampled. Constant monitoring of the waterholes and intensified sensitization of the surrounding communities on ecosystem conservation is needed to protect the park’s ecosystems.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Pollutants in Waste Water from Pharmaceutical, Textile and Local Dye Effluent in Lagos, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu A. Aneyo ◽  
Funmilayo V. Doherty ◽  
Olumide A. Adebesin ◽  
Mariam O. Hammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
The World

Background. Discharged effluents from industry have been responsible for the deterioration of the aquatic environment in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Increasing industrialization and urbanization have resulted in the discharge of large amounts of waste into the environment, resulting in high pollution loads. Utilization of microbes such as fungi and bacteria have been used for pollution degradation. Objectives. The aim of this research was to utilize microbial agents such as fungi and bacteria to reduce pollutant loads such as heavy metals in effluent samples. Methods. Three types of effluent (pharmaceutical, textile effluent, and dye) were obtained from Surulere in Lagos Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Heavy metals analysis was carried out using a flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer according to standard methods. Samples were cultured for microbes and identified. Bacteria samples were inoculated on nutrient agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Fungi counts were carried out using potato dextrose agar and incubated at 28°C for 3–5 days. The isolated organisms were identified based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Then 100 mL of the effluents was dispensed into 250 mL flasks, and the pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.2 by the addition of either sodium hydroxide or hydrogen chloride and autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes. The autoclaved flask was inoculated with 1 mL of bacteria and fungi for 21 days and pH was recorded properly every 48 hours. Results. The results of the physicochemical parameters indicated that conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand for all the three industrial effluents were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. Heavy metal analysis results show that the effluents had high values for cadmium, above the WHO limit of 0.003 mg/L. Concentrations of zinc ranged from 0.136–1.690 mg/L, and nickel ranged between 0.004–0.037mg/L for the three effluents, within the WHO limit. The identified bacteria were Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus and isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum. All the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations were reduced after the biodegradation study in the effluents. Conclusions. The responses observed in the various microbes indicated that the use of microbes for the reduction of environmental pollutants has an advantage over the use of other methods because it is environmentally friendly, low cost, and no new chemicals are introduced into the environment. This method should be encouraged for pollution reduction to bring about ecosystem sustainability advocated for Ghana.

scholarly journals Sources of microbiological contamination in sachet water from Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Asli Aslan ◽  
Haresh Rochani ◽  
Oghenekpaobor Oyibo ◽  
J. Edward Dotherow ◽  
Kendall W. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Sachet Water

Abstract Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. A study to assess the microbiological quality of sachet water in 21 different brands was conducted in Ghana. Culturable total coliform was positive in 87% of the samples collected, where Escherichia coli colonies were absent. The analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated the presence of E. coli genes in 44.6% of the samples, with the highest concentration up to 3,166 CCE/100 ml. Microbial source tracking analyses showed that the source of E. coli genes did not originate from sewage contamination because the human-associated HF183 marker was not detected. Of the 175 samples tested, 71% did not mention any water treatment before filling the packages. These results suggest non-human sources of contamination, such as biofilm formation in the pipelines used to fill these packages due to poor disinfection. Our study shows an urgent need for increased regulation and standardized manufacturing of sachet water to ensure safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Biological Wastewater Treatment at WUPA Wastewater Treatment Plant, Abuja, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
M. N. Chukwu ◽  
C. N. Oranu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Violet Radiation

Biological treatment of wastewater from Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant, Abuja was investigated. Wastewater samples were collected from the inlet and effluent point (before and after the ultra violet radiation unit) of the treatment plant. The physicochemical parameters; temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured. The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were obtained from samples collected from the influent and effluent points using Standard methods specified by the American Public Health Association (APHA). The water samples were also analysed for the presence of bacterial organisms via Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Bacteriological Count (TBC) and Faecal Count (FC). At the end of the analysis, the percentage removal efficiency of the ultra violet radiation for TCC, TBC and FC were calculated. Results showed that the mean removal efficiency for TCC, TBC and FC were 99.6% , 89.9% and 98.9% respectively; all within the permissible limit of World Health Organization and Federal Ministry of Environment. There was a reduction of 81.5% in COD, 98.9% in BOD which met the required effluent standards. There was significant differences between the pH, TSS, DO, COD and BOD of the influent and effluent (P<0.05). These results showed that there is an urgent need for appropriate steps to be taken for proper management and sanitation of the wastewater before discharging it to the stream, to ensure total conformity with the approved standards.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal changes and environmental factors on bioindicator bacteria levels in Çardak Lagoon, Çanakkale Strait, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309
Author(s):  
İbrahim Ender Künili ◽  
A. Suat Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Çardak Lagoon is one of the most important marine environments in the Turkish Strait system, which is home to a variety of organisms. The lagoon is currently under stress and faces the risk of heavy pollution. For this reason, the present state of the lagoon was monitored in this study. During sampling from October 2018 to June 2019, the levels of indicator microorganisms fluctuated up to 4.04 Log10 cfu 100 ml−1 and their presence was found to be higher in warmer seasons. The highest positive correlations were observed for total coliform levels with salinity and chemical oxygen demand, whereas the highest negative correlations were found between the levels of fecal coliforms, pH and temperature. E. coli and fecal streptococci showed moderate correlations with the environmental factors in all seasons. Although nitrite and nitrate (NO2 + NO3) were not significantly correlated with bacteria levels, they were present at elevated levels. Çardak Lagoon showed the lowest microbiological and chemical quality in the summer season, and this situation continued into the autumn season as a possible result of increased wastewater discharge and human activities. The lagoon should therefore be monitored regularly and precautions should be taken to prevent severe ecological deterioration.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water samples from different areas of Thrissur District, Kerala State, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Mity Thambi ◽  
Tom Cherian ◽  
Anju Therese Jose ◽  
Sunaina Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

The analysis of groundwater quality of important town areas of Thrissur district was carried out during the pre-monsoon period of 2014. The Physicochemical and biological parameters such as temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, pH, alkalinity, chloride, salinity, total harness, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphate, sulphate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform count and E. coli were determined. Most of the physicochemical parameters were observed above the desirable limit but below the permissible limit of drinking water standards of World Health Organization (WHO). Total coliform bacteria count values of different samples are within the permissible limit. The studies reveal that samples from Thrissur town (T), Guruvayoor (G) and Laloor (L) shows the presence of E.coli bacteria. All other samples were negative for E.coli bacteria. Dumping of wastes near road sides, flood due to heavy rains, improper waste management in hospitals, markets, flats etc increases the pollution of ground water. The results were compared with WHO guidelines, 2006 and Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 10500, 1991) desirable limits for drinking water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12636 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 182-192

Importance of maintenance in rainwater harvesting systems: a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Lee ◽  
Hyoungju Kim ◽  
Mooyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Proper Operation

In this study, the quality of collected rainwater at a downtown middle school rainwater harvesting system was evaluated by measuring physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NO3, PO4, total coliform (TC), Escherichia coli , and some metals (i.e. Al, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) (2003 to 2011). The analysis shows that the collected water quality is poor, which presents health, considering the high levels of bacterial indicators detected in the harvested rainwater, i.e. turbidity (1.4 to 15.5 NTU) and E. coli (120 and 35 CFU/100 mL in 2007 to 210 and 60 CFU/100 mL in 2011). This study shows that deteriorating water quality was caused by system contamination due to the absence of maintenance. Based on this study, proper operation and maintenance are generally the simplest and most effective ways of maintaining water quality.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Lela Uyara ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Silwanus M Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform.  Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages   ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

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