scholarly journals Evaluation of circulating endothelial cells in the rat after acute and fractionated whole-body gamma irradiation

Nukleonika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan Al-Massarani ◽  
Khaled Almohamad
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: Damage to vascular endothelial cells is a well recognised complication of the irradiation. Our objective was to determine the gamma-irradiation effect on the rat circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Material and methods: Eight-week old rats were divided into four groups: group 1 - rats were exposed to acute whole- -body gamma irradiation with a wide range of single doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy), group 2 - rats were exposed to fractionated low doses of irradiation (0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy) every three days for two months, group 3 as group 2, but followed by two months of rest, group 4 were control animals. CEC (CD146 positive cells) in group 1 were counted following CD146-based immuno-magnetic separation after one day and one week, as well as at the end of experiment in the other groups. Results: Quantified CEC showed that there was a dose-dependent reduction in CEC count in group 1 (one week after irradiation) and group 2. A partial re-population of CEC was observed at the end of experiment in both group 1 and group 2 compared to control group. Group 3 showed a significant increase in CEC levels as compared with group 2 without reaching the control level. Conclusion: The number of CEC (CD146 positive cells) in rats exposed to whole-body gamma irradiation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and it partly recovered during the two-month interval after irradiation. We suggest that CEC count may be an indicator of the radiation-induced vascular damage.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction and circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
S A Sayganov ◽  
A M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To evaluate endothelial function in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by determining the number of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood. Material and methods. 71 patient with typical angina class I-III and presence of obstructive coronary artery disease according to coronary angiography were assessed, coronary anatomy was assessed on the SYNTAX Score scale and the number of CEC was determined by flow cytofluorimetry. Depending on the chosen treatment strategy patients were divided into the following groups: a group of medical therapy (group 1) - 22 patients; a group of patients requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (group 2) - 25 patients; a group of patients requiring surgical revascularization by coronary artery bypass surgery (group 3) - 24 patients. The control group consisted of 20 patients without atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries. Results. Study groups do not differ by sex, age, history of smoking, the presence of hypertension, MI history (р > 0.05). In the group of patients who are scheduled to perform CABG significantly more patients with diabetes mellitus (р < 0.05) (group 1 - 3 patients (13.6%), group 2 - 4 patients (16.0%), group 3 - 7 patients (29.1%), control group - 2 patients (11.8%)). Study groups reliably differ in the anatomy of coronary lesions (SYNTAX Score in group 1 - 9.4 ± 2.7, in group 2 - 19.7 ± 5.7, in group 3 - 23.5 ± 6.0), р < 0.05. The number of CECs in the study groups is significantly higher than the generally accepted norm (р < 0.05), (group 1 - 12 (10÷16), group 2 - 14 (10÷17), group 3 - 14 (11÷17), control group - 12 (10÷16)). There are no significant differences between the groups with coronary artery disease (р > 0.05). Conclusion. Study of endothelial function by flow cytometry using monoclonal fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD146 and CD45 can be considered as a criterion for noninvasive assessment of the severity of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed. (For citation: Sayganov SA, Kuzmina-Krutetskaya AM. Endothelial dysfunction and circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):27-32. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810227-32).

scholarly journals Long-term effect of full-body pulsed electromagnetic field and exercise protocol in the treatment of men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Anwar Ebid ◽  
Mohamed El-boshy ◽  
Shamekh El-Shamy ◽  
Ali Thabet ◽  
Mohamed Abedalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Full Body

Background: Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting bones. Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) combined with exercise protocol on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Methods: Ninety-five males with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 51.26 ± 2.41 years; mean height, 176 ± 2.02 cm; mean weight, 83.08 ± 2.60 kg; mean body–mass index (BMI), 26.08 ± 1.09 kg/m2) participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 received a full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PEMF +EX), Group 2 received a placebo full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PPEMF +EX), and Group 3 received a full-body PEMF alone (PEMF). PEMF was applied for the whole body using a full-body mat three times per week for 12 weeks, with an exercise protocol that includes flexibility, aerobic exercise, strengthening, weight-bearing, and balance exercises followed by whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Outcome measures include BMD of total hip and lumbar spine and bone markers [serum osteocalcin (s-OC), Serum amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-NTX), Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX), Parathyroid hormones (PTH), Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D)]. Results: The BMD of total hip and lumbar spine was significantly increased post-treatment in all groups, and more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than Group 3. There was a significant difference in bone markers in all groups, more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3. Conclusion: PEMF combined with exercise protocol exerts a potent role for treating OP, is more effective than exercise and PEMF alone for increasing BMD and enhancing bone formation, and suppresses bone-resorption markers after 12-weeks of treatment with the impact lasting up to 6 months.

OxLDL Inhibits Brain Angiogenesis in Dose Dependent Manner via Reducing Level of VEGF and Angiopoietin-2: A Comprehensive Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Alniqrish ◽  
Saed Khawaldeh
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Brain Angiogenesis

Hyperlipidemia is recognized as a major health problem worldwide, moreover, it is considered as a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases development. Since the majority of studies were performed to investigate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the angiogenesis of peripheral derived endothelial cell, this study aims to assess the effect of hyperlipidemia on the angiogenic response of human brain cells in a fast, easy and inexpensive method. Furthermore, it aims also to assess the involvement of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin. To achieve this aim, human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (hBMECs) were treated with different concentration of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (OxLDL) (1-100 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Migration rate and tube formation as markers of angiogenesis were performed, also Coomassie blue was used to detect protein level. OxLDL was found to inhibit brain angiogenesis in dose dependent manner over a wide range of concentrations (1-100 μg/ml). Using 1 μg/ml of OxLDL made minimum reduction of 10% whereas using 100 μg/ml of OxLDL resulted 70-80% reduction in the angiogenic potential of hBMECs within 24 hours. Moreover, OxLDL mediated its effect through reduced VEGF level and this effect was partially reversed by administered 5 ng/ml of VEGF. Additionally, OxLDL reduced the level of angiopoitin-2. This further supports the assumption that OxLDL has an anti-angiogenic effect in hBMECs and surely in the brain also. As a conclusion, OxLDL inhibits brain angiogenesis in dose dependent manner through reducing the level of angiogenic factor in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We achieved our goal of having a preliminary indicator of brain angiogenesis under hyperlipidemia by using a simple but well-developed technique that incorporated the minimal number of tests and the cheapest.

scholarly journals Outcome of Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated by Whole Body Cooling and Magnesium Sulfate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e280-e286
Author(s):  
Safwat M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Mohamed Sabry M. Abdel Rahman ◽  
Asmaa H. Shoreit ◽  
Moustafa Ez El Din ◽  
Enas A. Hamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Whole Body Cooling ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) either by selective head cooling or whole-body cooling decreases brain damage and provide neuroprotection and reduced mortality rate in cases of moderate-to-severe hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) of newborns, especially if started at first 6 hours after birth. Also, management with adjuvant therapies like magnesium sulfate (MS) provides more neuroprotection. The interventional randomized controlled research aimed to assess short-term actions of TH as sole therapy and in combination with MS as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of HIE newborn infants. A total of 36 full-terms and near-term infants delivered at Assiut University Children's Hospital and fulfilled HIE criteria were enrolled. They were divided equally into three groups; Group 1 (n = 12) received whole body cooling during first 6 hours of life as a sole therapy; Group 2 (n = 12) received whole body cooling in addition to MS as adjuvant therapy; Group 3 (n = 12) received supportive intensive care measures as a control. TH plus MS group (group 2) had a significantly good short-term outcomes as short period of respiratory support and mechanical ventilation (p-value =0.001), less in incidence of convulsion (p-value = 0.001) and early in feeding initiation (p-value = 0.009), compared with other groups managed by TH (group 1) or by supportive treatment (group 3). In conclusion, whole body cooling in addition to MS as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HIE neonates is safe therapy that improves short-term outcome both clinically and radiologically.

scholarly journals Insufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth Is Corrected by Vitamin D Supplementation (1000 IU/Day) With Increases in Lean Mass Evident at 12 Months of Age in Healthy Term Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
Maryam Razaghi ◽  
Catherine A Vanstone ◽  
Nathalie Gharibeh ◽  
Olusola F Sotunde ◽  
Shuqin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objectives The primary objective was to test whether rapid correction of insufficient vitamin D status initiated in the neonatal period improves whole-body lean mass across infancy. Methods This was a double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (NCT02563015). Healthy term breastfed infants of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) were recruited from Montreal (March 2016–2019). Capillary blood was collected (24–36 h) for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement (Liaison, Diasorin Inc.). Infants with serum 25(OH)D &lt; 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive 400 (group 1, n = 49) or 1000 IU/d (group 2, n = 49) until 12 mo of age. Those with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L were recruited to form a reference group, receiving 400 IU/d (group 3, n = 41). Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Differences between trial and reference groups were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for maternal pregnancy weight gain, infant sex, skin color, actual age at assessment, and breastfeeding status. Data are mean ± SD. Results Infants (81 males, 58 females) were 39.6 ± 1.0 wk GA and 3388 ± 372 g at birth. By design, infants in group 1 and 2 had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth compared to group 3 (31.1 ± 9.3, 34.4 ± 12.0 vs. 68.0 ± 13.2 nmol/L, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). On average, both trial groups achieved and maintained vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) from 3 to 12 mo. Lean mass was not different among groups at baseline, but at 12 mo was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0075; 4.8% difference), and not different from the reference group (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.2882). Weight, length, and whole-body fat mass were not different among groups at any time-point. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation (400 and 1000 IU/d) corrects insufficient stores, whereas the higher dosage of 1000 IU/d, modestly increases lean mass of otherwise healthy AGA term born infants by 12 mo of age without altering weight or length. These data concur with observations in weanling rats where increased vitamin D intakes elevated lean mass. The long-term benefits require further research. Funding Sources Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Epidural Butorphanol on Postoperative Analgesia following Cesarean Delivery

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (170) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Pokharel ◽  
T R Rahman ◽  
S N Singh ◽  
B Bhattarai ◽  
N Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Group 1

Butorphanol is considered an effective and safe analgesic after cesarean delivery but is associatedwith profound dose-dependent sedation. Somnolence may cause hindrance in early mother-babyinteraction. This study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy and to monitor side-effects of low doses (0.5 mg and 0.75 mg) of epidural butorphanol with bupivacaine compared to bupivacainealone in parturients following cesarean delivery. One hundred and twenty parturients (AmericanSociety of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2) undergoing cesarean delivery were allocatedinto three groups: group 1 received epidural 0.125% bupivacaine while group 2 and 3 received an additional 0.5 mg and 0.75 mg butorphanol respectively. A combined spinal, epidural techniquewas used. Spinal anaesthesia was used for surgery. The epidural route was used for postoperativeanalgesia with the study drug. Onset, duration and quality of analgesia, lowest visual analoguescales (VAS) score, and side effects were noted. The onset and duration of analgesia in group 2(4.1±2.6 min and 202.4±62.8 min) and group 3 (4.0±2.5 min and 192.3±69.1 min) were significantly different (P<0.01) from group 1 (6.6±2.7min and145.7±89.6 min). The quality of analgesia in terms of time to first independent movement and satisfactory VAS were statistically better (P<0.01) in group 2 (3.9±0.3 hour and 8.1±0.1 mm) and group 3 (3.8±0.4 hour and 8.1±0.9 mm) than in group 1 (5.2±0.4hour and 6.3±1.3 mm). The incidence of sedation was 5% in all the three groups. A lower dose of epidural butorphanol with bupivacaine produces a significantly earlier onset, longer duration and better quality of analgesia than bupivacaine does.Key words: analgesia, epidural, postcesarean, spinal

Zinc-Mediated Reduction of Apoptosis in Cardiac Allografts

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray H. Kown ◽  
Tim Van der Steenhoven ◽  
Francis G. Blankenberg ◽  
Grant Hoyt ◽  
Gerald J. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Survival Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cardiac Allografts ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Group 1

Background —Apoptosis is thought to occur during immune-mediated acute rejection of cardiac allografts. In vitro studies have shown that zinc inhibits the activity of the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3. We hypothesized that ZnCl 2 would reduce acute cardiac rejection in vivo via the blockade of caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. 99m Tc-labeled annexin V was used to measure apoptosis in cardiac allografts through nuclear imaging. Annexin V binds to phosphatidylserines, which are externalized to the outer membrane of apoptotic cells. Methods and Results —Twenty-seven PVG rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically into the abdomen of untreated ACI rats as controls (group 1). Fifteen were scanned and euthanized on postoperative day 4, and 12 were assessed for graft survival. Group 2 and 3 rats (n=15 each) received 1 and 5 mg/kg ZnCl 2 BID IP, respectively. Nine of each of these groups were scanned and euthanized on postoperative day 4, and 6 were studied for allograft survival. Group 4 rats (n=3) received isografts. Region-of-interest analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in 99m Tc annexin uptake in ZnCl 2 -treated allografts: 2.43±0.37% for group 1, 1.97±0.41% for group 2, 1.21±0.47% for group 3, and 0.55±0.19% for group 4 (ANOVA, P =0.001). Graft survival times of 6.4±1.7, 9.3±3.0, and 11.5±3.4 days for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were also observed (ANOVA, P =0.001). Caspase-3 activity in the allografts showed a 3.7-fold reduction in group 3 animals compared with group 1 animals ( P =0.004). Conclusions —Apoptosis that occurs in acute cardiac allograft rejection is reduced with ZnCl 2 in a dose-dependent manner via caspase-3 inhibition.

Whole-Body Cesium 137 Activity up to 4 Years After the Chernobyl Reactor Accident in Premature Newborns, Newborns, Infants, and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Koch ◽  
Walther Burmeister ◽  
Alexandra Georgakopoulou ◽  
Anja Krämer ◽  
Kirsten Halfmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Group 1

Cesium 137 activity was measured after the Chernobyl incident in a whole-body radiation counter (4-π-scintillation counter) in 85 premature and mature newborns (group 1), 174 infants and young children up to 2 11/12 years (group 2), and 48 children between 3 and 8 years (group 3) from Bonn (Germany) and surroundings. In 1987 the mean level of radioactivity in group 2, at 3.7 Bq/kg body weight corresponding to a mean radiation exposure of 11 µSv/y, was lower than that of group 1 (5.8 Bq/kg, 17 µSv/y) and 3 (9.4 Bq/kg, 28 µSv/y). Up to 1990 the values of all groups revealed a continuous decrease. The latest measurements showed mean values of 0.5 Bq/kg (1.5 µSy/y) in group 1, 0.6 Bq/kg (1.8 µSv/y) in group 2, and 0.8 Bq/kg (2.4 µSv/y) in group 3. A comparison with present cesium 137 values and determinations at the end of the 1950s and beginning of 1960s, both in adults, showed good agreement. The effective dose-equivalent rates amounted to less than 1% of that from natural radiation exposure. These levels should present no teratogenic risks to the population studied and, while there are theoretical mutagenic risks, the dose is so low that no increase in measurable mutagenic effects should be observed.

scholarly journals Implementation of a new Single-Pass Whole-Body Computed Tomography Protocol: Is it safe, effective and efficient in patients with severe trauma?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ordoñez ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
Michael W. Parra ◽  
Edison Angamarca ◽  
Mónica Guzmán-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new Single-Pass WBCT Protocol in the management of patients with severe trauma. Methods: This was an observational, prospective study of polytrauma patients who underwent WBCT. Patients were divided into three groups: 1. Blunt trauma hemodynamically stable 2. Blunt trauma hemodynamically unstable and 3. Penetrating trauma. Demographics, WBCT parameters and outcome variables were evaluated. Results: 263 patients were included. Median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 22 (IQR: 16-22). Time between arrival to the ED and completing the WBCT was under 30 minutes in most patients [Group 1: 28 minutes (IQR: 14-55), Group 2: 29 minutes (IQR: 16-57), and Group 3: 31 minutes (IQR: 13-50); p=0.96]. 172 patients (65.4%) underwent non-operative management. The calculated and the real survival rates did not vary among the groups either [Group 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. RSR 85% (p=0.69); Group 2: TRISS 69% vs. RSR 74% (p=0.25); Group 3: TRISS 93% vs. RSR 87% (p=0.07)]. Conclusion: This new Single-Pass WBCT Protocol was safe, effective and efficient to decide whether the patient with severe trauma requires a surgical intervention independently of the mechanism of injury or the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Its use could also potentially reduce the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions of patients with severe trauma including those with penetrating trauma.

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