Whole-Body Cesium 137 Activity up to 4 Years After the Chernobyl Reactor Accident in Premature Newborns, Newborns, Infants, and Children

Cesium 137 activity was measured after the Chernobyl incident in a whole-body radiation counter (4-π-scintillation counter) in 85 premature and mature newborns (group 1), 174 infants and young children up to 2 11/12 years (group 2), and 48 children between 3 and 8 years (group 3) from Bonn (Germany) and surroundings. In 1987 the mean level of radioactivity in group 2, at 3.7 Bq/kg body weight corresponding to a mean radiation exposure of 11 µSv/y, was lower than that of group 1 (5.8 Bq/kg, 17 µSv/y) and 3 (9.4 Bq/kg, 28 µSv/y). Up to 1990 the values of all groups revealed a continuous decrease. The latest measurements showed mean values of 0.5 Bq/kg (1.5 µSy/y) in group 1, 0.6 Bq/kg (1.8 µSv/y) in group 2, and 0.8 Bq/kg (2.4 µSv/y) in group 3. A comparison with present cesium 137 values and determinations at the end of the 1950s and beginning of 1960s, both in adults, showed good agreement. The effective dose-equivalent rates amounted to less than 1% of that from natural radiation exposure. These levels should present no teratogenic risks to the population studied and, while there are theoretical mutagenic risks, the dose is so low that no increase in measurable mutagenic effects should be observed.

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Bestimmung der Augenlinsen - exposition bei Patienten nach einer Radioi odtherapie

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.3413/nukmed-0426-11-08 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (03) ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Claußnitzer ◽

L. Oehme ◽

R. Freudenberg ◽

J. Kotzerke ◽

M. Andreeff

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Whole Body ◽

Eye Lens ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

SummaryAim: Current reports for the radiation cataracts contained a warning for deterministic effects at 1–2 Gy radiation single exposure for lens. Recently, the German Radiation Protection Board (SSK) published a document (234. SSK-Board) in that threshold dose for radiation cataracts is claimed at 0.5 Gy. The lens of the eye is recognized as one of the most radiosensitive tissues in the human body, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 103) has defined a limit of 150 mSv for its exposure. Recently, the ICRP lowered this limit down to 20 mSv per year. However, this limit does not apply to patients. Therefore, the question of the lens radiation exposure for patients underwent a radioiodine therapy (RIT) is a point at issue. Patients, methods: A total of 41 patients (age: 22–92 years) underwent a radioiodine therapy were included in the study. Optical stimulated luminescence dosimeters were used to measure the radiation exposure. The dosimeters were fastened nearby the patient’s eye lens. The measurement was carried out up to 48 h after radioiodine application and the patients were divided into three groups. Group 1: patients underwent a diagnostic 131I whole body scan (mean activity: 370 MBq); group 2: thyriod carcinoma patients under RIT (mean activity: 3700 MBq); group 3: hyperthyroid patients under RIT (activity: 180–1237 MBq). Results: The cumulative exposure of the eye lens during the stay at the therapy unit (48 h) was 4.8 ± 0.7 mGy in group 1, 24.5–50.5 mGy in group 2 and 2.7–26.3 mGy in group 3, respectively. For the calculation of the expected cumulative dose, including follow-up after patient's dismissal, the effective half-lives were involved. The cumulative doses were obtained to be 6 ± 1 mGy in the first group, 63 ± 15 mGy in the second and 5–148 mGy in the third. Conclusion: The results show that there exists a low risk for radiation cataract in a nuclear medicine therapy unit. After serial radioiodine therapies radiation-induced lens opacity cannot be expected.

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Fracture resistance of immature teeth filled with mineral trioxide aggregate, bioaggregate, and biodentine

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.178310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Emre Bayram ◽

Huda Melike Bayram

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Mean Values ◽

Root Canals ◽

Immature Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of teeth with immature apices treated with coronal placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioaggregate (BA), and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: Forty-one freshly extracted, single-rooted human premolar teeth were used for the study. At first, the root length was standardized to 9 mm. The crown-down technique was used for the preparation of the root canals using the rotary ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) of F3 (30). Peeso reamer no. 6 was stepped out from the apex to simulate an incompletely formed root. The prepared roots were randomly assigned to one control (n = 5) and three experimental (n = 12) groups, as described below. Group 1: White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was prepared as per the manufacturer's instructions and compacted into the root canal using MAP system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and condensed by pluggers (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil). Group 2: The canals were filled with DiaRoot-BA (DiaDent Group International, Canada). Group 3: Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) solution was mixed with the capsule powder and condensed using pluggers. Instron was used to determine the maximum horizontal load to fracture the tooth, placing the tip 3 mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction. Mean values of the fracture strength were compared by ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was observed among the MTA, BA, and biodentine experimental groups. Conclusion: All the three materials tested, may be used as effective strengthening agents for immature teeth.

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The Utility of the Callosal/Supratentorial-Supracallosal Area Ratio to Evaluate Corpus Callosum Morphometry in Children

Bakirkoy Tip Dergisi / Medical Journal of Bakirkoy ◽

10.5222/bmj.2020.35220 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Öztürk ◽

Emine Uysal ◽

Halil İbrahim Duran ◽

Zuhal İnce Bayramoğlu ◽

Abidin Kılınçer

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Group ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Gender ◽

Group 1

Objective: To perform morphometric analysis of corpus callosum (CC) by using callosal area (CA), supratentorial-supracallosal area (SSA) and CA/SSA parameters in a healthy pediatric population and to investigate changes according to age and gender. Method: Method: This retrospective study included a total of 313 children (154 boys, 159 girls) aged between 3-17 years. The cases were divided into three groups according to age: 3-6 years (Group 1) (pre-school), 7-12 years (Group 2) (preadolescent) and 13-17 years (Group 3) (adolescent). CA and SSA were measured on the mid-sagittal plane on T1-weighted images. CA/ SSA index was calculated. Differences in age, CA, SSA, and ratio parameters among the gender groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or the t-test. Results: Median values of CA (p= 0.002), mean values of SSA (p=0.001) and CA/SSA ratios (p= 0.04) were significantly higher in boys compared to girls. The median CA and mean CA/SSA ratios in Group 3 were significantly higher than Groups 1 and 2 (p= 0.001). Mean CA/SSA ratio values of boys and girls in Age Group 3 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p= 0.001) and significantly higher than Age Group 2 in girls. There were highly significant positive correlations of age with CA (p=0.001, r=0.47), SSA (p=0.028, r=0.12) and CA/SSA ratio (p=0.001, r=042). There was a highly significant and positive correlation between CA and SSA (p=0.001, r=0.25) and CA/SSA ratio (p=0.001, r=0.87). Conclusion: CA, SSA, and CA/ SSA ratio values in children are affected by age and gender. These parameters can be used as reference values for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired pathologies affecting the corpus callosum.

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Long-term effect of full-body pulsed electromagnetic field and exercise protocol in the treatment of men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.54519.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 649

Author(s):

Anwar Ebid ◽

Mohamed El-boshy ◽

Shamekh El-Shamy ◽

Ali Thabet ◽

Mohamed Abedalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type I Collagen ◽

Bone Markers ◽

Whole Body ◽

Type I ◽

Exercise Protocol ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽

Group 1 ◽

Full Body

Background: Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting bones. Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) combined with exercise protocol on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Methods: Ninety-five males with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 51.26 ± 2.41 years; mean height, 176 ± 2.02 cm; mean weight, 83.08 ± 2.60 kg; mean body–mass index (BMI), 26.08 ± 1.09 kg/m2) participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 received a full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PEMF +EX), Group 2 received a placebo full-body PEMF and exercise protocol (PPEMF +EX), and Group 3 received a full-body PEMF alone (PEMF). PEMF was applied for the whole body using a full-body mat three times per week for 12 weeks, with an exercise protocol that includes flexibility, aerobic exercise, strengthening, weight-bearing, and balance exercises followed by whole-body vibration (WBV) training. Outcome measures include BMD of total hip and lumbar spine and bone markers [serum osteocalcin (s-OC), Serum amino-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-NTX), Serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTX), Parathyroid hormones (PTH), Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BSAP), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D)]. Results: The BMD of total hip and lumbar spine was significantly increased post-treatment in all groups, and more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than Group 3. There was a significant difference in bone markers in all groups, more so in Group 1 and Group 2 than in Group 3. Conclusion: PEMF combined with exercise protocol exerts a potent role for treating OP, is more effective than exercise and PEMF alone for increasing BMD and enhancing bone formation, and suppresses bone-resorption markers after 12-weeks of treatment with the impact lasting up to 6 months.

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Can the CAMCOG be a good cognitive test for patients with Alzheimer's disease with low levels of education?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021000116x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 96-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ivan Aprahamian ◽

José Eduardo Martinelli ◽

Juliana Cecato ◽

Rafael Izbicki ◽

Mônica Sanches Yassuda

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group 3 ◽

Low Levels ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACTBackground: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) is a useful test in screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interpretation of CAMCOG cut-off scores is problematic and reference values are needed for different educational strata. Given the importance of earlier diagnoses of mild dementia, new cut-off values are required which take into account patients with low levels of education. This study aims to evaluate whether the CAMCOG can be used as an accurate screening test among AD patients and normal controls with different educational levels.Methods: Cross-sectional assessment was undertaken of 113 AD and 208 elderly controls with heterogeneous educational levels (group 1: 1–4 years; group 2: 5–8 years; and group 3: ≥ 9 years) from a geriatric clinic. submitted to a thorough diagnostic evaluation for AD including the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). Controls had no cognitive or mood complaints. Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) for the CAMCOG in each educational group was assessed with receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: CAMCOG mean values were lower when education was reduced in both diagnostic groups (controls – group 1: 87; group 2: 91; group 3: 96; AD – group 1: 63; group 2: 62; group 3: 77). Cut-off scores for the three education groups were 79, 80 and 90, respectively. SE and SP varied among the groups (group 1: 88.1% and 83.5%; group 2: 84.6% and 96%; group 3: 70.8% and 90%).Conclusion: The CAMCOG can be used as a cognitive test for patients with low educational level with good accuracy. Patients with higher education showed lower scores than previously reported.

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Outcome of Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated by Whole Body Cooling and Magnesium Sulfate

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1736562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. e280-e286

Author(s):

Safwat M. Abdel-Aziz ◽

Mohamed Sabry M. Abdel Rahman ◽

Asmaa H. Shoreit ◽

Moustafa Ez El Din ◽

Enas A. Hamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Whole Body ◽

P Value ◽

Short Term ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Body Cooling ◽

Whole Body Cooling ◽

Group 1

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) either by selective head cooling or whole-body cooling decreases brain damage and provide neuroprotection and reduced mortality rate in cases of moderate-to-severe hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) of newborns, especially if started at first 6 hours after birth. Also, management with adjuvant therapies like magnesium sulfate (MS) provides more neuroprotection. The interventional randomized controlled research aimed to assess short-term actions of TH as sole therapy and in combination with MS as a neuroprotective agent for the treatment of HIE newborn infants. A total of 36 full-terms and near-term infants delivered at Assiut University Children's Hospital and fulfilled HIE criteria were enrolled. They were divided equally into three groups; Group 1 (n = 12) received whole body cooling during first 6 hours of life as a sole therapy; Group 2 (n = 12) received whole body cooling in addition to MS as adjuvant therapy; Group 3 (n = 12) received supportive intensive care measures as a control. TH plus MS group (group 2) had a significantly good short-term outcomes as short period of respiratory support and mechanical ventilation (p-value =0.001), less in incidence of convulsion (p-value = 0.001) and early in feeding initiation (p-value = 0.009), compared with other groups managed by TH (group 1) or by supportive treatment (group 3). In conclusion, whole body cooling in addition to MS as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HIE neonates is safe therapy that improves short-term outcome both clinically and radiologically.

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Different estrus induction protocols and fixed time artificial insemination during the anoestrous period in non-lactating Kivircik ewes

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.16429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 801 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I. DOGAN ◽

Z. NUR ◽

B. KILINC

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Fresh Semen ◽

Group 1

The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges or norgestomet ear implants (half or entire) for synchronizing and inducing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding period. Ewes were treated for 11 days either with 60 mg MAP sponges (group 1, n=27) or with 1.5 mg norgestomet (group 2, n=25) or with 3 mg norgestomet (group 3, n=27) ear implants. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 125 μg cloprostenol (PGF2α), 48 h prior to progestagen removal. Double Cervical Artificial Insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. Mean values for estrous detection rates at the first 12 ± 6 h and within 72 h, the time from progestagen removal to the onset of estrous, the duration of the induced estrous and pregnancy rate were found to be 46.8%, 86.1%, 26.1 ± 7.3 h, 27.0 ± 10.7 h and 27.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups 2 and 3 in the time of induced estrous onset (P<0.05). These results indicate that, each of the three protocols was equally efficient in inducing and synchronizing estrus in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding period.

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Insufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth Is Corrected by Vitamin D Supplementation (1000 IU/Day) With Increases in Lean Mass Evident at 12 Months of Age in Healthy Term Infants

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab046_101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 804-804

Author(s):

Maryam Razaghi ◽

Catherine A Vanstone ◽

Nathalie Gharibeh ◽

Olusola F Sotunde ◽

Shuqin Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Reference Group ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objectives The primary objective was to test whether rapid correction of insufficient vitamin D status initiated in the neonatal period improves whole-body lean mass across infancy. Methods This was a double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (NCT02563015). Healthy term breastfed infants of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) were recruited from Montreal (March 2016–2019). Capillary blood was collected (24–36 h) for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement (Liaison, Diasorin Inc.). Infants with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive 400 (group 1, n = 49) or 1000 IU/d (group 2, n = 49) until 12 mo of age. Those with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L were recruited to form a reference group, receiving 400 IU/d (group 3, n = 41). Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Differences between trial and reference groups were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for maternal pregnancy weight gain, infant sex, skin color, actual age at assessment, and breastfeeding status. Data are mean ± SD. Results Infants (81 males, 58 females) were 39.6 ± 1.0 wk GA and 3388 ± 372 g at birth. By design, infants in group 1 and 2 had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth compared to group 3 (31.1 ± 9.3, 34.4 ± 12.0 vs. 68.0 ± 13.2 nmol/L, respectively, P < 0.0001). On average, both trial groups achieved and maintained vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) from 3 to 12 mo. Lean mass was not different among groups at baseline, but at 12 mo was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0075; 4.8% difference), and not different from the reference group (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.2882). Weight, length, and whole-body fat mass were not different among groups at any time-point. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation (400 and 1000 IU/d) corrects insufficient stores, whereas the higher dosage of 1000 IU/d, modestly increases lean mass of otherwise healthy AGA term born infants by 12 mo of age without altering weight or length. These data concur with observations in weanling rats where increased vitamin D intakes elevated lean mass. The long-term benefits require further research. Funding Sources Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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Evaluation of circulating endothelial cells in the rat after acute and fractionated whole-body gamma irradiation

Nukleonika ◽

10.2478/nuka-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ghassan Al-Massarani ◽

Khaled Almohamad

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Group 1

Abstract Purpose: Damage to vascular endothelial cells is a well recognised complication of the irradiation. Our objective was to determine the gamma-irradiation effect on the rat circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Material and methods: Eight-week old rats were divided into four groups: group 1 - rats were exposed to acute whole- -body gamma irradiation with a wide range of single doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy), group 2 - rats were exposed to fractionated low doses of irradiation (0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy) every three days for two months, group 3 as group 2, but followed by two months of rest, group 4 were control animals. CEC (CD146 positive cells) in group 1 were counted following CD146-based immuno-magnetic separation after one day and one week, as well as at the end of experiment in the other groups. Results: Quantified CEC showed that there was a dose-dependent reduction in CEC count in group 1 (one week after irradiation) and group 2. A partial re-population of CEC was observed at the end of experiment in both group 1 and group 2 compared to control group. Group 3 showed a significant increase in CEC levels as compared with group 2 without reaching the control level. Conclusion: The number of CEC (CD146 positive cells) in rats exposed to whole-body gamma irradiation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and it partly recovered during the two-month interval after irradiation. We suggest that CEC count may be an indicator of the radiation-induced vascular damage.

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Implementation of a new Single-Pass Whole-Body Computed Tomography Protocol: Is it safe, effective and efficient in patients with severe trauma?

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v51i1.4224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Ordoñez ◽

Carlos García ◽

Michael W. Parra ◽

Edison Angamarca ◽

Mónica Guzmán-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blunt Trauma ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Penetrating Trauma ◽

Severe Trauma ◽

Whole Body ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Single Pass ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new Single-Pass WBCT Protocol in the management of patients with severe trauma. Methods: This was an observational, prospective study of polytrauma patients who underwent WBCT. Patients were divided into three groups: 1. Blunt trauma hemodynamically stable 2. Blunt trauma hemodynamically unstable and 3. Penetrating trauma. Demographics, WBCT parameters and outcome variables were evaluated. Results: 263 patients were included. Median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 22 (IQR: 16-22). Time between arrival to the ED and completing the WBCT was under 30 minutes in most patients [Group 1: 28 minutes (IQR: 14-55), Group 2: 29 minutes (IQR: 16-57), and Group 3: 31 minutes (IQR: 13-50); p=0.96]. 172 patients (65.4%) underwent non-operative management. The calculated and the real survival rates did not vary among the groups either [Group 1: TRISS 86.4% vs. RSR 85% (p=0.69); Group 2: TRISS 69% vs. RSR 74% (p=0.25); Group 3: TRISS 93% vs. RSR 87% (p=0.07)]. Conclusion: This new Single-Pass WBCT Protocol was safe, effective and efficient to decide whether the patient with severe trauma requires a surgical intervention independently of the mechanism of injury or the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Its use could also potentially reduce the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions of patients with severe trauma including those with penetrating trauma.

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