scholarly journals A Social and Economic Perspective on the Libyan Conflict. Tribalism and Oil Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Anca Dinicu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
North African ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The North ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Strategic Position

AbstractThe Libyan conflict has become an issue at the global level since its beginning. The foreign aid and support help got by the revolutionaries in their attempt to overthrow the Qaddafi regime and the role of tribes not only during these events but also afterwards, the country’s strategic position and oil reserves are the main points of interest when considering the North African internationalized civil war. While the role played by the tribes in stabilizing the political and social framework still lays at crossroads, being extremely controversial, the economic value and strategic importance of oil, for domestic actors as well as the international ones, are above any doubt.

A Kingdom Cleared of Castles: the Role of the Castle in the Campaigns of Robert Bruce

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID CORNELL
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
The North ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Military ◽  
Political Value

In 1314 the English-held castles of Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling were seized and destroyed by Robert Bruce. This was the pinnacle of a policy by which Bruce systematically slighted the castles he seized in Scotland. The reign of Edward II has been seen as a period in which the military value of the castle was in decline and by analysing the role the castle played in the campaigns of Bruce it is possible to assess the importance a successful contemporary commander attached to the castle during this period. Bruce had first-hand experience of the castle at war and knew of its limitations. In 1306, however, he seized and garrisoned a number of castles preparing to use them for a specific purpose, but defeat in the field rendered them redundant. On his return in 1307 Bruce initiated a policy of destruction. Castles in the north of Scotland were slighted as they were the regional focus of the political power of his Scottish enemies, and militarily they were of little value to Bruce. In the Lowlands the first-rate castles of Scotland were destroyed precisely because they were so militarily powerful. Bruce recognised that these castles, used aggressively, were indispensable to the English war effort, and consequently he undertook a prolonged and expensive campaign to reduce them, a campaign which involved the tactic of both surprise assault and, more importantly, the set-piece siege. In 1314 the imminent English campaign led Bruce to launch an unprecedented offensive against the English-held castles of Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling. These castles were subsequently slighted despite their inextricable association with the Scottish Crown. Bruce recognised that, unlike the English, he did not need to occupy castles in Scotland to fight the war. Although in Ireland a small number of castles were occupied, and Berwick was also garrisoned by Scottish troops, in northern England Bruce did not attempt to occupy English castles. Those which were seized were destroyed, an indication that Bruce never intended a conquest of Northumberland. Indeed Bruce never undertook a serious campaign aimed at the seizure of the first-rate castles of Northumberland despite their frequently perilous state. Instead he sought to gain political capital by threatening their loss and so placing enormous pressure on the English Crown. That the castle featured prominently in the campaigns of Bruce demonstrates it was not in decline. Bruce understood the continued military and political value of the castle, but he was able to exploit its inherent vulnerabilities in order to gain victory in war.

Introducing the Oxford History of the Ancient Near East

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Karen Radner ◽  
Nadine Moeller ◽  
D. T. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
North African ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues

With the emphasis of the Oxford History of the Ancient Near East firmly placed on the political, social, and cultural histories of the states and communities shaping Egypt and Western Asia (including the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran), this introduction to the five-volume series seeks to place the region in its environmental context. It discusses the lay of the land between the North African coast and the Hindu Kush, including the role of tectonics and geomorphology. It also considers some key issues regarding climatic conditions, focusing in particular on the significance of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and the potential impact of megadroughts and pandemics.

Ecological role of bracteoles in seed dispersal and germination of the North African halophyte Atriplex mollis under contrasting environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486
Author(s):  
Abderrazak Tlili ◽  
Jamila Zammouri ◽  
Mustapha Gorai ◽  
Mohamed Neffati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
North African ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Visual Memes as Neutralizers of Political Dissent

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefka Hristova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Sesame Street ◽  
The Political ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Political Dissent ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
Virtual Participation

A meme, conceived as the cultural equivalent of the biological gene by Richard Dawkins, spread through culture like a virus – quickly and widely. Its viral power is in turn understood as product of nature, rather than culture – or rather as threatening to subvert culture into a condition of nature. Firing up over night, and disappearing just as quickly, memes are often allowed to run their course and fade into oblivion, only to return again.  They emerge at moments of contestation of dominant narratives and through their participatory structure of imitation and mutation allow for the dissolution of points of ideological conflict and the reestablishment of a normative narrative. If not too threatening to the health of the state body, these cultural viruses are left unchecked as they build the immunity, and further, in Derrida’s terms, the “autoimmunity” of the nation-state. In this project, I explore the role of visual Internet memes as neutralizers of contested past and present narratives of occupation and dissent by focusing the digital visual memes associated with the Occupy Movement in the United States. More specifically, I examine the emergence of the term “occupy” as an visual Internet meme in and of itself – Occupy Wall Street spurred Occupy Chicago, Oakland and even Sesame Street and the North Pole, as well as a marker of a revolution - revolving viral civil and political dissent. I argue that there is a notable distinction between physical participation the Occupy Movement and virtual participation through the reworking of Occupy’s memes, where as the first modality serves as an active disruptor of the political normative imaginary, the second works in precisely the opposite fashion  - in its reconstitution of a common-sense dominant image of the political.

scholarly journals Why Was Carthage Destroyed? A Re-Examination from an Economic Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-158
Author(s):  
Goke Akinboye
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
North African ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Punic Wars ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Political Economy Approach

The story of Rome’s destruction of the once buoyant maritime city of Carthage in 146 B.C. has been explained by many scholars, generally, in terms of the fear and security threats posed by Carthaginian naval authority and great trade across the Mediterranean. This kind of generalization leaves little room for other intrinsic causes of the destruction and plays down the core policies that characterized Roman imperialism in North Africa during the Republican times.Adopting the political economy approach, this paper, therefore, re-examines from the economic perspective, the principles and dynamics which underlined the international relations of Rome in Africa during the stirring times of the second and third Punic wars with a view to identifying the strong economic motives that led to the eventual annihilation of Carthage. The paper shows that Carthaginian Africa was a region of great economic potential in the western Mediterranean. It reveals that Rome was a typically imperialistic state which employed various divide et impera stratagems to exploit the rich agricultural resources of the region. The paper concludes that the crippling of Carthage was premised not just on the fear or jealousy of Carthage but more importantly on the Roman desire to exploit the North African vast territories, wealth and agricultural resources.

scholarly journals The Role of Influential Dynasties and Local Families in Urban Development and Political Centrality of Shushtar in Khuzestan Province During Safavid Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 615-622
Author(s):  
Masoud Vali Arab ◽  
Hamid Asad Pour ◽  
Hamid Peighambary ◽  
Ali Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social

Shushtar as one of the most important cities of Khuzestan in safavid era was inhabited by some officials and rulers mostly due to its specific geographical, strategic and military situation during the rule of Safavid dynasty. The establishment of new villages in Shushtar and its surroundings areas by the local rulers caused this city to grow and develop more. In the same regard, due to the entering of many different clans and tribes to Shushtar in the Safavid period, extensive ethnic conflicts emerged in this city. Turk Qizilbash (Shamlus, Rumlus, Afshars, Ustodjlus, Turkmens, and Dulghadirs), Chagatai family, Circassia, Georgians, great religious scholars from Jabal Amel region, Jazayeri and Kalantar Sadats were among the tribes and clans entering Shushtar in the Safavid period. At the end of this period, natural disasters such as flood influenced Shushtar status both socially and politically to a great extent. The current study attempts to describe the political and social conditions of Shushtar during the Safavid period, aiming to answer this question: Why was Shushtar under the spotlight by the Safavid rulers and inhabited by most governmental rulers and authorities? It is hypothesized in this study that due to the geographical and military situation, Shushtar have always been considered as a defensive barrier by the Safavids against Mushashaiyah central bases in the South of Khuzestan, and Ranshis bases in the North of Khuzestan and also against Bakhtiyari Khans. Unquestionably, taking into consideration the topics such as ethnic origin, tribal interests, occupation state, religious and social values, and changing or modification of each case can give provide us with some useful information about the social and political life of Shushtar in the Safavid period.

scholarly journals Desain Perencanaan Taman Wisata Dusun Mrisi Menggunakan Aplikasi SketchUp 3D

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
Emil Adly ◽  
Wahyu Widodo ◽  
Anita Rahmawati ◽  
Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Service Community ◽  
The North ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Track Area ◽  
Employment Sectors ◽  
Natural Characteristics ◽  
New Jobs

The role of tourism is a significant industry in the world, especially in Indonesia, which is a supporter of the economic sector that has speedy growth and provides a significant amount of employment sectors. In the current decade in Yogyakarta, tourism is growing and will become one of the main pillars of the country's economy. Mrisi Hamlet has advantages and natural characteristics that are good for being a location for leisure and sports. Lakes, rivers, and rice fields are natural resources attracted by tourists, supported by a strategic position, namely in the north of the Kasongan craft center and the south of the Madukismo sugar factory. The purpose of this service community is to assist tourism-aware groups to design facilities and infrastructure that can be developed for tourism to take advantage of nature, improve the economy of the region, and generate new jobs using the 3D SketchUp application. Hamlet tourism planning using 3D SketchUp produces excellent quality images because of the use of escape (real-time rendering and virtual reality), which significantly improves the existing condition. All facilities are designed in an artistic and modern style but adapted to natural and environmental conditions, clean toilets with natural designs, and a choice of andesite (natural) stone equipped with shower and rinse rooms. The facilities were also designed in a pleasing arrangement of playgrounds and gardens, swimming pools, and revitalizing the lake with a dike design as a jogging track area that is long enough with guardrails, tree hammocks, gazebos, and relaxing places exciting photo spots.ABSTRAKPeran wisata menjadi industri besar di dunia khususnya di Indonesia sebagai penunjang sektor ekonomi yang memiliki pertumbuhan sangat cepat serta menyediakan sektor dunia kerja yang banyak. Dekade saat ini di Yogyakarta, pariwisata kian berkembang dan akan menjadi salah satu pilar ekonomi negara yang menjanjikan. Dusun Mrisi memiliki kelebihan dan ciri khas alam yang baik untuk dijadikan lokasi pelesir dan olahraga. Danau, sungai, serta hamparan sawah merupakan kekayaan alam yang bisa diminati oleh wisatawan didukung dengan posisi yang strategis yaitu di utara pusat kerajinan Kasongan dan di Selatan pabrik gula Madukiso. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah membantu kelompok sadar wisata untuk mendesain fasilitas sarana dan prasarana   yang bisa dikembangkan untuk pariwisata guna memanfaatkan alam, meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar, dan membuka lapangan kerja baru dengan menggunakan aplikasi SketchUp 3D. Perencanaan Dusun wisata dengan menggunakan SketchUp 3D menghasilkan gambar dengan kualitas baik karena menggunakan enscape (real-time rendering and virtual reality), memberikan dampak perubahan yang signifikan pada eksisting codition. Semua fasilitas didesain dengan bentuk yang artistik dan modern namun disesuaikan dengan kondisi alam dan lingkungan, toilet yang bersih dengan desain natural dan pilihan batu andesit (alam) dilengkapi dengan ruang mandi dan bilas. Penataan taman bermain dan taman bunga yang baik, kolam renang, serta revitalisasi danau dengan desain tanggul sebagai area joging track yang cukup panjang dengan pagar pembatas, hammock pada pohon, gazebo, serta tempat santai dan spot foto yang menarik.

scholarly journals The Islamic Factor in the Struggle for the Paths of Dagestan Development in the Conditions of the 1917 Revolution

Islamovedenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Imanutdin Khabibovich Sulaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Political Scene

The article examines the revolutionary events of 1917 in Dagestan from the standpoint of legal awareness of Muslim public figures and clergy and their participation in the socio-political life of the region. The events had both common for the entire Russia and specific features due to the level of socio-economic and political development of the region and the role of Islam in its society. The article examines how the turbulent revolutionary time brought authoritative Muslim leaders to the political scene. Later, they aspired to develop their own tactics and strategy in order to influence the course of events in Dagestan after the February Revolution of 1917. Each representative of the secular and spiritual intelligentsia had their own attitude to the political forces that emerged during the struggle for the revolutionary democracy. The author notes such a characteristic feature of the revolutionary democracy of 1917 in Dagestan as the active involvement of the Muslim clergy in the new government institutions, their appeal to Islam and Sharia when clarifying and resolving various issues of socio-political importance. It is shown that the most important and discussed issue was the election of the head of the Caucasian Spiritual Board of Muslims from among muftis or imams by the Muslims of Dagestan and the North Caucasus. The healthy socio-political forces of the region aspired to preserve law and order in the region appealing to Sharia and Islam.

China’s Policy in North African and Eastern Mediterranean Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Deych
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Internal Affairs

The object of this paper is North Africa and Mediterranean. The subject of research is China’s policy towards North African countries during “Arab spring” and at the present historical stage. This article is devoted to the role of the North African and Mediterranean countries in contemporary China’s foreign policy and in new Chinese initiative “One Belt–One Road”(BRI). The methodological basis of research is comparative political approach. The fundamental China’s foreign policy principle is non – interference in internal affairs of other countries. The study shows, that “Arab awakening” has become a test for Beijings’ traditional commitment to this principle, composing it by measures for protection of Chinese citizens, business and financial investments abroad. At the same time, Beijing drew conclusions from the Libyan events. Together with Russia it has prevented the escalating of Syrian conflict under the Libyan scenario. In Beijing foreign policy strategy the new initiative BRI takes the leading place. The aim of this research is to show that the North African and Mediterranean countries, located at the crossroads of the land and sea Silk roads, play an important role in new Chinese project. Egypt, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are in focus of China’s interests. The implementation of Chinese initiative envisages infrastructure projects, which should cover all expanse of the Belt. These projects include the construction of railways and highways, aviation, energy, industrial parks, construction of ports in Turkey, Greece, Israel and other coastal countries. The author makes the conclusion: although China adheres to doctrine of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and avoids participation in armed confrontation, it aspires to play the role of influential player in North Africa and Mediterranean and to strengthen its economic, political and military influence in this important region.

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