scholarly journals Considerations on Countering the Actions Aimed at Banning Access and Restricting Freedom of Action (A2AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Ionuț Alin Cîrdei ◽  
Laviniu Bojor
Keyword(s):  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Freedom Of Action

Abstract Each state seeks to protect its territory from external threats using a wide range of forces and means, which combine the strike power with increased possibilities of detection given by the use of modern technologies. In this regard, we can see that some states have developed complex active and passive defense systems with the purpose of banning access and controlling certain key areas and aimed at both discouraging potential aggressors and protecting vital interests. For states with regional or global ambitions, the successful conduct of access operations in the area of operations, in a permissive, semi-permissive or hostile environment must be a priority. Access operations in a semi-permissive or hostile environment involve the use of tailored capabilities to deal with the opponent’s defense system and to overcome A2AD’s abilities.

Antimicrobial Peptides - Small but Mighty Weapons for Plants to Fight Phytopathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 720-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Karabi Datta ◽  
Subhasis Karmakar ◽  
Swapan K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Pathogen Entry

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) have diverse structures, varied modes of actions, and can inhibit the growth of a wide range of pathogens at low concentrations. Plants are constantly under attack by a wide range of phytopathogens causing massive yield losses worldwide. To combat these pathogens, nature has armed plants with a battery of defense responses including Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). These peptides form a vital component of the two-tier plant defense system. They are constitutively expressed as part of the pre-existing first line of defense against pathogen entry. When a pathogen overcomes this barrier, it faces the inducible defense system, which responds to specific molecular or effector patterns by launching an arsenal of defense responses including the production of AMPs. This review emphasizes the structural and functional aspects of different plant-derived AMPs, their homology with AMPs from other organisms, and how their biotechnological potential could generate durable resistance in a wide range of crops against different classes of phytopathogens in an environmentally friendly way without phenotypic cost.

scholarly journals The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
Kamil Piwowarek ◽  
Anna M. Kot ◽  
Katarzyna Pobiega
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Biomass Management ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Biomass Of Microorganisms

AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.

scholarly journals Advancements in Assessments of Bio-Tissue Engineering and Viable Cell Delivery Matrices Using Bile Acid-Based Pharmacological Biotechnologies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Susbin Raj Wagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioartificial Organs ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Modern Technologies

The utilisation of bioartificial organs is of significant interest to many due to their versatility in treating a wide range of disorders. Microencapsulation has a potentially significant role in such organs. In order to utilise microcapsules, accurate characterisation and analysis is required to assess their properties and suitability. Bioartificial organs or transplantable microdevices must also account for immunogenic considerations, which will be discussed in detail. One of the most characterized cases is the investigation into a bioartificial pancreas, including using microencapsulation of islets or other cells, and will be the focus subject of this review. Overall, this review will discuss the traditional and modern technologies which are necessary for the characterisation of properties for transplantable microdevices or organs, summarizing analysis of the microcapsule itself, cells and finally a working organ. Furthermore, immunogenic considerations of such organs are another important aspect which is addressed within this review. The various techniques, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages will all be discussed. Hence, the purpose of this review is providing an updated examination of all processes for the analysis of a working, biocompatible artificial organ.

scholarly journals Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms: Insight into Growing Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zięba ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Modern Technologies

Humans have used mushrooms from the beginning of their history. However, during the last few decades, the market demand for these fruiting bodies has increased significantly owing to the spread in the capabilities of culinary and pharmacological exploitation. Natural mushroom resources have become insufficient to meet the support needs. Therefore, traditional methods of extensive cultivation as well as modern technologies have been exploited to develop effective growing recommendations for dozens of economically important mushroom species. Mushrooms can decompose a wide range of organic materials, including organic waste. They play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. The challenge is a proper substrate composition, including bio-fortified essential elements, and the application of growing conditions to enable a continuous supply of fruiting bodies of market quality and stabilized chemical composition. Many mushroom species are used for food preparation. Moreover, they are treated as functional foods, because they have health benefits beyond their nutritional value, and are used as natural medicines in many countries. Owing to the rapid development of mushroom farming, we reviewed the growing technologies used worldwide for mushroom species developed for food, processing, and pharmacological industries.

scholarly journals Aerial and UAV Images for Photogrammetric Analysis of Belvedere Glacier Evolution in the Period 1977–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3787
Author(s):  
Carlo Iapige De De Gaetani ◽  
Francesco Ioli ◽  
Livio Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Images ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Aerial Platforms ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Modern Technologies

Alpine glaciers are strongly suffering the consequences of the temperature rising and monitoring them over long periods is of particular interest for climate change tracking. A wide range of techniques can be successfully applied to survey and monitor glaciers with different spatial and temporal resolutions. However, going back in time to retrace the evolution of a glacier is still a challenging task. Historical aerial images, e.g., those acquired for regional cartographic purposes, are extremely valuable resources for studying the evolution and movement of a glacier in the past. This work analyzed the evolution of the Belvedere Glacier by means of structure from motion techniques applied to digitalized historical aerial images combined with more recent digital surveys, either from aerial platforms or UAVs. This allowed the monitoring of an Alpine glacier with high resolution and geometrical accuracy over a long span of time, covering the period 1977-2019. In this context, digital surface models of the area at different epochs were computed and jointly analyzed, retrieving the morphological dynamics of the Belvedere Glacier. The integration of datasets dating back to earlier times with those referring to surveys carried out with more modern technologies exploits at its full potential the information that at first glance could be thought obsolete, proving how historical photogrammetric datasets are a remarkable heritage for glaciological studies.

A Longitudinal Study of Cellular Changes in Experimental Otitis Media

1979 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos V. Goycoolea ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Anna Mary Carpenter ◽  
S. K. Juhn
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
The Continuum

A longitudinal sequential study of otitis media in an experimental animal (cat) using eustachian tube obstruction was done. Fifty animals were used. The continuum of mucoperiosteal changes from one day to six months after obstruction revealed gradual changes that were similar for each animal. Stages were defined, and by using different staining techniques, including immunocytochemistry, an overall middle ear defense system was postulated and documented. Nonspecific as well as specific defense systems, including localized immunity, were described. Effusions were studied in a continuum, and their pathogenesis was discussed.

LOYALTY ASSESSMENT OF ELDERLY CUSTOMERS TO THE PHARMACY USING KANO MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
S. G. Troina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kuhach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Study ◽  
Kano Model ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted with the questionnaire of 385 pharmacy customers from different regions of the Republic of Belarus aged over 60 using Kano model. The respondents consistently expressed their attitude to the presence and absence of 13 characteristics (parameters) effecting the performance of pharmacies. The purpose of this study is to assess the loyalty of elderly customers to the pharmacy using Kano model. The potentials of elderly customers’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the work of pharmacies are calculated. The same parameter was revealed to have a different effect on the potential of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of pharmacy elderly customers. The distribution of the parameters studied into 4 quadrants allowed to determine mandatory characteristics of the pharmacy (availability of a wide range of products, competence of pharmaceutical workers; provision of the customers with detailed information about the purchased product), linear (location of the pharmacy, convenient schedule of its work, rational pricing policy, discount availability, informative and esthetic design of shop windows, benevolence of pharmaceutical workers) and indifferent ones (availability of car parking near the pharmacy, advertising items in the pharmacy, ability to get additional services in the pharmacy, modern technologies for population service). Attractive parameters were not set. The design of shop windows is at the border edge of mandatory and one-dimensional characteristics intersection. To attract customers and increase their loyalty to the pharmacy it is necessary to ensure availability of mandatory and to develop the category of linear characteristics.

Research on Multi-Core Network Equipment Virus Defense System

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1197-1200
Author(s):  
Yan Wen Xu ◽  
Feng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Information Network ◽  
Enterprise Networks ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Network Equipment ◽  
Security Infrastructure ◽  
Network Server

With the arrival of the wave of information technology, the business activities of a variety of business systems via the network to complete. But the virus to exploit system vulnerabilities to sneak into the enterprise information network server, the enterprise network into a leak and suffered the double threat of external hackers. Leverage existing security infrastructure, enterprise networks, statistical analysis of all possible virus invasion point, combined with a good virus defense technology layers protection system vulnerabilities, the formation of a whole network antivirus, coordinated operations, a unified management modernization virus defense systems.

Reliability of Masonry Structures According to the Contemporary Computational Procedures

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludek Vejvara ◽  
Jan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
Modern Technologies

Masonry structures are widely spread type of constructions with long history not only in Central Europe. Current modern masonry is however quite different from traditional masonry made from stone or bricks. Development of new modern technologies of construction and materials as well as the societal and environmental requirements have influenced masonry in last decades to such extend that nowadays the masonry structures are made from very sophisticated masonry elements of wide range of characteristics. This naturally leads to changes in proposed procedures which have to take into account significantly different parameters both of the masonry as well as the material and also the masonry structures as the whole in interaction with other parts of the buildings.

scholarly journals Young voices in mental health care: Exploring children’s and adolescents’ service experiences and preferences

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Persson ◽  
Curt Hagquist ◽  
Daniel Michelson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics ◽  
A Priority

The development of ‘youth-friendly’ services has become a priority across a wide range of health-care contexts. However, relatively few studies have specifically examined users’ experiences of, and preferences for, child and adolescent mental health care. The current study investigated young service users’ views of outpatient and community mental health clinics in Sweden, based on two data sources. First, focus group interviews were conducted with seven children and adolescents (aged 10–18 years) to explore both positive and negative experiences of mental health care. Second, written suggestions about specific service improvements were obtained from 106 children and adolescents. Qualitative content analysis revealed three overarching themes: ‘Accessibility’, ‘Being heard and seen’ and ‘Usefulness of sessions’. Young people’s recommendations for improving practice included more convenient appointment times, offered in welcoming settings; opportunities to communicate more openly with clinical staff, enabling sensitive discussion of mental health and wider personal issues; and more structured treatments that offer greater credibility and relevance to young people’s mental health and developmental needs. Young people also discussed being compelled by parents and school professionals to engage in treatment. Attending to young people’s preferences must be a priority in order to overcome ambivalence about session attendance, and enhance treatment participation and outcomes.

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