The pleiotropic effects of extract containing rhizobial Nod factors on pea growth and yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Podleśny ◽  
Jerzy Wielbo ◽  
Anna Podleśna ◽  
Dominika Kidaj
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractRhizobial lipochitooligosacharides (Nod factors) influence the development of legume roots, including growth stimulation, nodule induction and root hair curling. However, their effect on the green parts of plants is less known, therefore we evaluated seed and foliar application of an extract containing Nod factors on pea growth and yield. Pea plants were examined from emergence to full maturity, including growth dynamics and morphological (nodule number and weight, the quantity and surface area of leaves) or physiological (photosynthesis and transpiration intensity, chlorophyll and nitrogen content) parameters. The foliar application Nod factor extract, or seed dressing followed by foliar application, resulted in the best outcomes. The number and weight of root nodules, the chlorophyll content in leaves, and the intensity of net photosynthesis were all elevated. As a consequence of Nod factor treatment, the dynamics of dry mass accumulation of pea organs were improved and the pod number was increased. A significant increase in pea yield was observed after Nod factor application. Increase of nodule and pod numbers and improved growth of roots appear to be amongst the beneficial effects of Nod factor extract on the activation of secondary plant meristems.

scholarly journals Use of seaweed-based biostimulant (Ascophyllum nodosum) on ornamental sunflower seed germination and seedling growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro Reinaldo Zabotto ◽  
Half Weinberg Corrêa Jordão ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Boas ◽  
Fernando Broetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

Abstract Seaweed extracts are employed as biostimulants due to their beneficial effects on crop growth and yield. Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract aid to improve seedling growth and development, and decrease seedlings production costs; however, the correct concentration must be used in order to maximize the biostimulant effects. Consequently, this study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations of a seaweed-based (Ascophyllum nodosum) biostimulant on ornamental sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds of ornamental sunflower cv. “Sol Pleno” were sown in polyethylene trays containing commercial substrate. The treatments consisted of dairy spraying 60 mL of the solutions 0 (control), 5, 10 or 15 mL L-1 biostimulant on substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments (concentrations of biostimulant) and 4 replicates (10 seeds replicate-1). The evaluated variables were percentage, index and time averages of germination, seedling height, fresh and dry mass of shoot and roots, and root system morphology (WinRhizo). The increase of the biostimulant concentration enhances seed germination and seedlings development. The concentration 15 mL L-1 biostimulant showed the best results for percentage and index of germination and the lowest mean germination time and increase plant height and fresh and dry mass of shoots in relation to the control treatment. Accordingly, 15 mL L-1 biostimulant (Ascophyllum nodosum) is recommended for ornamental sunflower “Sol Pleno” seed germination and seedlings growth.

scholarly journals Biological activity of Nod factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Kidaj ◽  
Mikolaj Krysa ◽  
Katarzyna Susniak ◽  
Joanna Matys ◽  
Iwona Komaniecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Root Hair Deformation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Genes Encoding

Chemically, the Nod factors (NFs) are lipochitooligosaccharides, produced mainly by bacteria of the Rhizobium genus. They are the main signaling molecules involved in the initiation of symbiosis between rhizobia and legume plants. Nod factors affect plant tissues at very low concentrations, even as low as 10–12 mol/L. They induce root hair deformation, cortical cell division, and root nodules’ formation in the host plant. At the molecular level, the cytoskeleton is reorganized and expression of genes encoding proteins called nodulins is induced in response to Nod factors in the cell. Action of Nod factors is highly specific because it depends on the structure of a particular Nod factor involved, as well as the plant receptor reacting with it.

scholarly journals A plant chitinase controls cortical infection thread progression and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Malolepszy ◽  
Simon Kelly ◽  
Kasper Kildegaard Sørensen ◽  
Euan Kevin James ◽  
Christina Kalisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Bacterial Mutants ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Morphogens provide positional information and their concentration is key to the organized development of multicellular organisms. Nitrogen-fixing root nodules are unique organs induced by Nod factor-producing bacteria. Localized production of Nod factors establishes a developmental field within the root where plant cells are reprogrammed to form infection threads and primordia. We found that regulation of Nod factor levels by Lotus japonicus is required for the formation of nitrogen-fixing organs, determining the fate of this induced developmental program. Our analysis of plant and bacterial mutants shows that a host chitinase modulates Nod factor levels possibly in a structure-dependent manner. In Lotus, this is required for maintaining Nod factor signalling in parallel with the elongation of infection threads within the nodule cortex, while root hair infection and primordia formation are not influenced. Our study shows that infected nodules require balanced levels of Nod factors for completing their transition to functional, nitrogen-fixing organs.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Induced Water Deficit and Foliar Application of Silicon on the Gas Exchange of Tomatoes for Processing

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Diogo Henrique Morato de Moraes ◽  
Marcio Mesquita ◽  
Amanda Magalhães Bueno ◽  
Rilner Alves Flores ◽  
Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Biometric Parameters

The beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on plants have been widely reported for its fruit qualitative improvements, growth gains, and protection against abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of soil water potential (Ψs) (−30 and −60 kPa) and the foliar application of Si (0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g L−1) in the development of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. We evaluated the biometric parameters and gas exchange in three periods (20, 34, and 48 days after planting). The rates of transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthesis assimilation (An) were lower when the plants were subjected to water deficit. The foliar application of Si attenuated the effect of the water deficit in both levels applied to the crop. A high response was observed at −60 kPa, regardless of the evaluated period. However, a significant effect was not observed on the relative chlorophyll index and biomass accumulation when Si was applied. A foliar application up to 2.8 g L−1 promotes increases in An,gs, and E. It is highlighted that Si can promote improvements in gas exchange when plants are affected by a water deficit.

scholarly journals Effects of Chelidonium majus and Ascophyllum nodosum Extracts on Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhie Joshi-Paneri ◽  
Guy Chamberland ◽  
Danielle Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals

Herbal extracts used in agriculture are formulated from plants (or other organisms) as alternatives to synthetic chemicals that could have adverse effects on growers, consumers, or the environment. In this study, the effects of two herbal extracts on soybean were assessed: <em>Chelidonium majus</em> (C7: Celext 07) and <em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em> (ST: Stimulagro). A standardized approach for germinating seeds and monitoring early seedling growth for 15 days (SOP-Soybean) was used to evaluate the effects of these extracts. Growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were measured on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS). A combination of <em>C. majus</em> and <em>A. nodosum</em> (C7+ST), both 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%). In a separate experiment, foliar application of the same compounds was performed on the tenth and twentieth DAS, with sampling on the thirtieth DAS. Foliar applications with 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%). Therefore, seedling exposure to <em>C. majus</em> (C7) and <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) and foliar applications of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) stimulated the growth and development of soybean. These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.

Root nodulation of Sesbania rostrata suppresses stem nodulation by Sinorhizobium teranga but not Azorhizobium caulinodans

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodjo Tomekpe ◽  
Marcelle Holsters ◽  
Bernard Dreyfus
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Azorhizobium Caulinodans ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Stem Nodulation ◽  
Azorhizobium Caulinodans Ors571

Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and Sinorhizobium teranga ORS51 and ORS52 are symbionts of the same host plant Sesbania rostrata. In nature, A. caulinodans nodulates more competitively the stem-located infection sites of Sesbania rostrata. Sinorhizobium strains, although frequently present in root nodules, are seldom found in stem nodules. One probable explanation for this phenomenon is the more abundant presence of Azorhizobium on the leaf and stem surfaces of the host plant. Work presented here hints at other plausible factors that determine the greater "stem specificity" of Azorhizobium. We found that under experimental conditions in which roots are not inoculated, all strains nodulated stems very well. However, ORS51 and ORS52 were much more sensitive than ORS571 to suppression of stem nodulation by previous root inoculation. The introduction of the regulatory nodD gene from A. caulinodans diminished the sensitivity to this suppression, probably by enhanced nod gene expression and subsequent Nod factor production. Our hypothesis is that the greater infectivity of ORS571 is due to a more efficient production of mitogenic Nod factors at stem-located infection sites, thereby more readily overcoming systemic suppression caused by previous root inoculations.Key words: autoregulation, nitrogen fixation, rhizobial ecology, systemic suppression of nodulation.

scholarly journals Irrigação com águas salinas e aplicação de prolina foliar em cultivo de pimentão ‘All Big’

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
João Batista dos Santos ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design

It is proposed in this study the evaluation of the growth and yield of ‘All Big’ sweet pepper under foliar application of proline and irrigation with saline water. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lisimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Entisol with sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used testing two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.6 and 3.0 dS m-1) associated to four proline levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol L-1). Irrigation with water with ECw= 3.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the ‘All Big’pepper growth and the stem dry mass, being the most sensitive variable; the highest values for fresh mass, number and average weight of pepper fruits were obtained when water with ECw=0.6 dS m-1 was used, with proline doses of 12.17 and 0 mmol L-1, respectively; increasing proline doses did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by irrigation water salinity of 3.0 dS m-1 on growth and yield of ‘All Big ‘ sweet pepper.

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria From Root Nodules of an Indigenous Legume Enhance Salinity Stress Tolerance in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Ilangumaran ◽  
Timothy Damian Schwinghamer ◽  
Donald Lawrence Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Soybean is the most widely grown legume worldwide, but it is a glycophyte and salinity stress can decrease its yield potential up to 50%. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to enhance growth and induce tolerance to abiotic stresses including salinity. The aim of this study was to isolate such PGPR from the root nodules of Amphicarpaea bracteata, a North American relative of soybean. Isolated strains were identified, and 15 strains were screened for potential utilization as PGPR of soybean through a series of greenhouse trials. Four isolates that greatly improved shoot and root growth were further selected and screened under a range of salt concentrations. Two of the most promising strains, Rhizobium sp. SL42 and Hydrogenophaga sp. SL48 were ascertained to exert the greatest beneficial effects on soybean growth and salinity tolerance. They were co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 532C (Bj) and the plants were grown up to the harvest stage. The treatment of Bj+SL42 resulted in higher shoot biomass than the control, 18% at the vegetative stage, 16% at flowering, 7.5% at pod-filling, and 4.6% at harvest and seed weight was increased by 4.3% under salt stress (ECe = 7.4 ds/m). Grain yield was raised under optimal conditions by 7.4 and 8.1% with treatments Bj+SL48 and Bj+SL42+SL48, respectively. Nitrogen assimilation and shoot K+/Na+ ratio were also higher in the co-inoculation treatments. This study suggested that inoculation with bacteria from an indigenous legume can induce stress tolerance, improve growth and yield to support sustainability, and encourage ecological adaptability of soybean.

scholarly journals EXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT RECEPTOR PROTEINS SYM10 AND SYM37 PISUM SATIVUM INVOLVED IN PERCEPTION OF LIPO-CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDES NOD FACTORS

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Elena A Dolgikh ◽  
Irina V Leppyanen ◽  
Vladimir A Zhukov ◽  
Viktor E Tsyganov ◽  
Igor A Tikhonovich
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodules ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Recombinant Receptor ◽  
Pea Mutants

In the legume-Rhizobium interaction Nod factors emanating from rhizobia trigger a complex of specific responses in epidermis, pericycle and root cortex of the plant, thereby providing the basis for subsequent bacterial entry and organogenesis of root nodules. Since Nod factors are biologically active at pico-nanomolar concentrations and their activity depends on Nod factor structural features, it suggests the presence of high affinity receptors to these molecules. Genetic analysis of pea mutants allowed to identify genes that are essential for symbiosis development and among of them the PsSym10 and PsSym37. These genes are predicted to encode LysM-receptor-like kinases with LysM motifs in extracellular domain (LysM-RLKs). These proteins may be potential receptors to Nod factors. However experimental evidence of Nod factor binding to the putative receptors is needed to confirm the biochemical function of receptors. Mainly, it depends on the problems with receiving of membrane receptors. In this work the heterologous expression of SYM10 and SYM37 was conducted in bacterial cells. We have also optimized the conditions for recombinant proteins purification and obtained specific antibodies for next immunoenzyme analysis of two LysM-RLKs in legume plants.

scholarly journals Foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMA Mondal ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
AB Puteh ◽  
MR Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis

Plant parameters such as plant height, branch and leaf number/plant, leaf area/plant, total dry mass/plant, photosynthesis, harvest index, chlorophyll, nitrate reductase and number of pods/plant increased significantly with the increasing concentration of chitosan up to 50 ppm. It resulted the highest seed yield in mungbean. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15910 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 179-183, 2013 (June)

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