Dynamic of apoptosis of cells in duodenal villi infected with Eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Major ◽  
Štefan Tóth ◽  
Mária Goldová ◽  
Viera Révajová ◽  
Ivona Kožárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Apoptosis Level

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the parasite — host interactions at apoptosis level. We studied histopathological changes and time course of apoptosis in the duodenum during Eimeria acervulina infection. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two equal groups. At the age of two weeks the first group was experimentally infected with a pure suspension of sporulated E. acervulina oocysts. The second group served as a negative control. Tissue samples from the upper part of duodenum were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days post infection. Biopsies of duodenum were studied immunohistochemically using DeadEnd™ Colometric TUNEL System for apoptosis detection in duodenal mucosa. Number of parasites in duodenal epithelium was also investigated. Our experimental results demonstrate: (i) macroscopic and histopathological changes in epithelium detected mainly in proximal segment of duodenum in infected groups; (ii) the number of developmental stages of E. acervulina (DSEA) during our trial increased, reaching the maximum 5 days post infection (dpi) (332.2 ± 16.12) (mean ± SEM), whereas the amount of DSEA declined significantly as late as 6 dpi (124.6 ± 3.91); (iii) the highest apoptosis level was recorded in initiatory 0.5 dpi (13.2 ± 1.02) and on the end of parasite development cycle after 5 dpi (12.6 ± 1.36). Finally, results showed that there was a period of inhibition of apoptosis during infection by E. acervulina.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes of some internal organs in broilers fed T-2 Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Shereen K. K.
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Forty, one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly distributed at one day of age to 2 experimental groups consisting of 10 birds with two replicates for 35 days. Group 1 fed control diet with no T-2 toxin (negative control),while group 2 fed T-2 toxin contaminated diet at a rate of 4 ppm. Scarifying birds done at the end of the experiment, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidney and intestine, were sectioned for microscopical examination . Results showed that T-2 toxin, was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, toxic to lymphatic tissue, haemopoetic tissue, and gastrointestinal tissues. And these organs are considered to be the target organs for T-2 toxin which primarily affected during T-2 toxicosis.

Prophylactic Supplementation of Caprylic Acid in Feed Reduces Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Commercial Broiler Chicks†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUP KOLLANOOR JOHNY ◽  
SANGEETHA ANANDA BASKARAN ◽  
ANU SUSAN CHARLES ◽  
MARY ANNE ROSHNI AMALARADJOU ◽  
MICHAEL J. DARRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Salmonella Enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen for which chickens serve as reservoir hosts. Reducing Salmonella Enteritidis carriage in chickens would reduce contamination of poultry meat and eggs with this pathogen. We investigated the prophylactic efficacy of feed supplemented with caprylic acid (CA), a natural, generally recognized as safe eight-carbon fatty acid, for reducing Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in chicks. One hundred commercial day-old chicks were randomly divided into five groups of 20 birds each: CA control (no Salmonella Enteritidis, CA), positive control (Salmonella Enteritidis, no CA), negative control (no Salmonella Enteritidis, no CA), and 0.7 or 1% CA. Water and feed were provided ad libitum. On day 8, birds were inoculated with 5.0 log CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis by crop gavage. Six birds from each group were euthanized on days 1, 7, and 10 after challenge, and Salmonella Enteritidis populations in the cecum, small intestine, cloaca, crop, liver, and spleen were enumerated. The study was replicated three times. CA supplementation at 0.7 and 1% consistently decreased Salmonella Enteritidis populations recovered from the treated birds. Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the tissue samples of CA-treated chicks were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of control birds on days 7 and 10 after challenge. Feed intake and body weight did not differ between the groups. Histological examination revealed no pathological changes in the cecum and liver of CA-supplemented birds. The results suggest that prophylactic CA supplementation through feed can reduce Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in day-old chicks and may be a useful treatment for reducing Salmonella Enteritidis carriage in chickens.

Employing Gamma Ray Irradiated Giardia lamblia as Trialed Vaccine in Experimental Animal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Kamil Abdul Sada ◽  
Amany Mohamed Al-Kaysi
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

This is an experimental trial to prepare a vaccine from gamma-irradiated Giardia lamblia which is evaluated in experimental animals. The study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. The field survey of the parasite was conducted from those patients attending the laboratories of the Alawi Children's Hospital in Rusafa and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Karkh, through which 1250 stool samples of different age groups were examined. Five groups of mice were used in the study; the first was injected with normal saline and considered as a negative control group, the second was injected with cystic form of non-irradiated Giardia lamblia and considered as a positive control group, whereas the other three groups were injected with gamma irradiated Giardia lamblia at three different doses 10, 15 and 25 rad respectively. Giardia lamblia was primarily cultivated in liver infusion agar for ten days to obtain the active phase. On the sixth day, the cystic phase was purified and standardized to be used in the infection of mice with or without the exposure of gamma rays. Mice showed high sensitivity to parasitic infestation, in the gamma non-irradiated and the irradiated with gamma 10 rad, and 15 rad irradiated groups which was 100%. The results expressed an excystation process of the depleted phases and the release of the feeder phases. The results of the three irradiated groups consisted of histopathological changes of the small, and the rectum by dissection after two weeks of infection, with intestine amputation lesions, as well as ulceration and inflammation of the inflammatory cells represented in small numbers of neutrophil, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The presence of ulceration and fall of epithelial cells in the intestinal cavity has been shown, and different forms of the parasite have been observed. Mice which was injected with irradiated G lamblia at high dose (25 rad), not show and sensitivity to the challenge infection and no excystation of thy parasite had been done. After 2 wreaks, a comparison was achieved between all study groups in which no histopathological changes were noticed in the mice irradiated with dose of25 rad. After another two weeks, a challenge dose was given (un-attenuated G lamblia) and mice were dissected after another two weeks, no changes on the level of histopathology of intestinal tissue were noticed the results suggested that mice acquire an immunity against the parasite infection.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-050
Author(s):  
Alireza Taghdisi ◽  
Sajjad Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens. Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

Scanning electron microscopy of the duodenal mucosa of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Michael ◽  
R. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

The morphology of the duodenal mucosal surface of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina has been studied on days 5, 6, 8 and 11 post-infection and compared with that of the normal duodenal mucosa using the scanning electron microscope. The normal duodenum possessed tall, spatulate villi with horizontally-arranged surface clefts upon which a regular pattern of hexagonal absorptive cells and goblet cell mouths was superimposed.A maximum degree of villous atrophy was shown on day 5 post-infection, the villi being thickened and flattened with frequent adhesions and fusions between them. The general effects of the disease together with the physical presence of intracellular parasites caused considerable changes in size and shape of the cell apices. By day 8 the mucosa was clearly recovering, with a normal pattern of somewhat thickened and truncated villi beginning to re-appear and by day 11 post-infection the mucosa had regained an outwardly normal morphological pattern. The mucosal changes are discussed in relation to similar changes which occur in diseases of the alimentary tract of other animals, including man.

scholarly journals Effects of oligosaccharides in a soybean meal-based diet on fermentative and immune responses in broiler chicks challenged with Eimeria acervulina

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 3132-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Faber ◽  
R.N. Dilger ◽  
A.C. Hopkins ◽  
N.P. Price ◽  
G.C. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Eimeria Acervulina

Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Bacillidium vesiculoformis n. sp. (Microspora: Mrazekiidae) in the freshwater oligochaete Nais simplex (Oligochaeta: Naididae)

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MORRIS ◽  
R. S. TERRY ◽  
K. B. FERGUSON ◽  
J. E. SMITH ◽  
A. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Adhesive Quality ◽  
Transmission Studies ◽  
A New Species

The development of a new species, Bacillidium vesiculoformis n. sp. (Microspora, Mrazekiidae), is described from the freshwater oligochaete Nais simplex (Oligochaeta, Naididae). Initial stages of parasite development consist of a monokaryotic merogony within a haemocyte of the intestinal blood sinus. The resulting hypertrophied haemocyte is attached to the chloragocytes of the sinus by fine cytoplasmic extensions with the sinus around the cell becoming greatly enlarged. The meronts within the haemocyte form diplokaryotic sporonts that undergo sporogenesis directly within the cytoplasm of the host cell. The infected cell becomes packed with spores and developmental stages, causing it dramatically to increase in size, eventually rupturing the oligochaete and cell. Sporogony appears to be disporoblastic. Released spores were observed to have an adhesive quality. Transmission studies conducted with mature spores failed to transmit the parasite horizontally although vertical transmission was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the parasite demonstrated that B. vesiculoformis clustered with microsporidian parasites of bryozoa and two other microsporidians, Janacekia debaiseuxi and an unidentified Bacillidium sp.

Abstract 160: Pim-1 Preserves Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation with Age

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McGregor ◽  
Shabana Din ◽  
Natalie Gude ◽  
Mark A Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Impact

Rationale Cardiac stem cells (CSC) regulate cardiomyogenesis and support regenerative processes in the heart, but aging adversely affects stem cell repair capacity. Aging is a primary cause of impaired cardiac function characterized by accumulation of senescent cells. CSC senescence is associated with permanent growth arrest that decreases survival signaling and cellular replacement, inevitably diminishing the capacity of the heart to maintain tissue homeostasis. Therefore, promoting CSC growth may improve cardiac performance with age. Pim-1 kinase exhibits protective and proliferative effects in the myocardium but the role of Pim-1 in cardiac aging has not been thoroughly studied. Objective Demonstrate that Pim-1 promotes stem cell growth in the aged myocardium correlating with increased expression of centromere protein A (CENP-A), a kinetochore-associated protein known to support cell proliferation in numerous species and cell types. Methods & Results CENP-A expression levels were evaluated from murine myocardial tissue samples ranging in age from 11 days post coitum to 4 months of age with analysis by immunoblot as well as quantitative PCR. CENP-A expression was colocalized with c-kit as a marker of CSC by immunohistochemical labeling, revealing a decline in CENP-A expression over the time course of postnatal myocardial maturation. The impact of Pim-1 upon CENP-A level was assessed by comparative analysis of non-transgenic mice versus genetically modified transgenic mouse lines expressing either Pim-1 (wild type) or a dominant negative functionally dead Pim-1 mutant. Pim-1 overexpression increases persistence of CENP-A in CSCs with age, as well as the prevalence of cycling CSCs as marked by phosph-H3 expression, while the functionally dead mutant accelerates CENP-A diminution and decreases CSC proliferation. Conclusion CENP-A decline in c-kit positive cells with age provides intriguing evidence of a potential mechanism for the diminished capacity of CSCs to maintain tissue homeostasis. Pim-1 mitigates CENP-A diminution, demonstrating the promising potential of Pim-1 to promote cardiac growth and repair with age.

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