Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus carpio) and sediments from a water tank at Tumkur, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sreedhara Nayaka ◽  
S. Ramakrishna ◽  
Jayaprakash ◽  
M. Delvi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Tank System

Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

scholarly journals Fatty acid content of honeycombs depending on the level of technogenic loading on the environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Y. Vishchur ◽  
I. I. Saranchuk ◽  
B. V. Gutіy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Low Levels

The content of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic forms of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids in honeycomb cells, obtained from hives placed in areas with high, medium and low levels of technogenic loading is investigated. The hives were located at the educational apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj (area with very heavy traffic and industrial activity) and in private beekeeping farms in the town Vynnyky and the village Chyzhyky, Pustomyty district, Lviv region (areas with lower intensity of traffic and industrial activity). Our research has shown that the newly-built honeycomb cells obtained from hives placed in the territory with medium and low levels of technogenic loading contain a lower quantity of such heavy metals as iron, zinc, cuprum, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium. The total amount of non-etherified fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was higher in these honeycombs. However, the total concentration of anionic forms of fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was lower in these honeycombs. Due to the above-mentioned monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids the amount of fatty acids of common lipids rises. It leads to increase in the antibacterial and antifungal properties of honeycomb cells and reduction of fragility of their walls. The greatest changes in concentration of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic form of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids occur in the newly built honeycomb cells in the territory with low technogenic loading on the environment. 

scholarly journals AAS DETECTION OF HEAVY METAL IN SHEEP CHEESE (THE BANAT AREA, ROMANIA)

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gogoaşă ◽  
I. Gergen ◽  
Maria Rada ◽  
D. Parvul ◽  
Camelia Ciobanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Iron Manganese

. In this paper we present results of the measurement of some heavy metals in sheep cheese samples from three hill and alpine areas in the Banat area. We analysed, using flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, the following heavy metals: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd. The concentration ranges in the cheese samples were: 7.22-8.85, 1.36-1.83, 17.39-23.17, 0.691-0.886, 0.020-0.102, 0.002-0.010, 0,214-0.225, 0.193-0.314 and 0.001-0.003 mg/kg for iron, manganese, zinc, cooper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium, respectively. Analysing experimental data shows that the specific soil and climate factors in the area favour cheese assortments with normal heavy metal contents under the form of essential elements and of low concentrations of heavy metals potentially toxic or toxic much below admitted toxicity levels.

scholarly journals Quantification and Speciation of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Dandora Dumpsite Soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
P. M. Kahara ◽  
J. Murungi ◽  
J. K. Kiptoo ◽  
G. Nyaga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Open dumpsites are one of the main sources of heavy metals and as a result, lots of research has been undertaken on the pseudo-total content of heavy metals in dumpsite soils, but little research on the forms in which they exist. The current research was carried out to determine levels of chromium, lead and cadmium in the various fractions of Dandora dumpsite soil and how they are fractionated in the topsoil and subsoil horizons. Samples were obtained from eight sites with depths of (0-30 cm) and (30-60 cm) for topsoil and bottom soils respectively. The modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was used and metal analysis performed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metals (lead, chromium and cadmium) total concentration (µg/g) in the upper soil profile ranged from 42.22 to 1096.21, 38.26 to 180.60 and 11.23 to 44.22 while the lower soil profiles were 54.19 to 239.28, 30.56 to 76.48 and 9.47 to 22.56, respectively. The concentration of lead in various fractions of the upper soil profile followed the order; reducible > oxidisable > residual > exchangeable, while that of chromium was residual > oxidisable > reducible > exchangeable. Cadmium followed the order exchangeable > residual > reducible > oxidisable. The percentage of the metals in non-residual fraction were Pb (78%), Cr (58.7%) and Cd (70%). Their mobility factors were (Pb) 39.7 (Cr) 7.75 and (Cd) 5.02 in the upper soil profiles. Thus, the results suggest that Dandora dumpsite is highly polluted with the selected heavy metals.

scholarly journals Levels of Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment in Kolanuts (Cola nitida Schott & Amp; Endl.) Collected from Cote d’Ivoire, West Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Kouadio Rodrigue ◽  
Deigna-Mockey Viviane ◽  
Ake Assi ◽  
Nyamien Yves ◽  
Coulibaly Adama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Background: Kolanut represents a significant economic interest for this country as well as many African households and public authorities. Despite its obvious importance, the sector of the kolanut is facing a delicate sanitary quality of the marketed product. The majority of the production (90%) of kola is consumed daily fresh by people and could cause a serious health problem for consumers if the toxicity due to heavy metals were proven. Aims: This study aimed to determine the heavy metals levels in kolanuts and estimate the risks of nuts consumption on population health in Côte d'Ivoire. Study Design: Samples were collected from farmers, rural collectors, urban stores in districts (Mountains, Comoe, Lagoons, Down-Sassandra) and big storage centers of Anyama and Bouake. Methodology: Concentrations of 3 heavy metals were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The analysis of lead and cadmium was performed in flame mode (Air / nitrogen), with an AAS type VARIAN SPECTRAA 110 provided the furnace GTA 110. While, the analysis of mercury was carried out in hydride mode with a SAA system equipped with a vaporization unit (VGA 77). Results: Results showed the presence of the 3 heavy metals in kolanuts samples, with concentrations ranging from 5.37 μg/kg to 11.21 μg/kg, 17.49 μg/kg to 51.01 μg/kg and 19.99 μg/kg to 40.35 μg/kg for lead, cadmium and mercury, respectively. Based on the concentrations and the daily consumption of kolanuts estimated at 0.6 g/person in Côte d'Ivoire, the intakes values estimated by heavy metals were 4.8.10-3 ± 4.9.10-4 µg/j, 1.3.10-2 ± 9.07.10-4 µg/j and 1.7.10-2 ± 1.99.10-3 µg/j for lead, cadmium and mercury, respectively. The exposure daily doses (EDD) are all lower than the toxicological reference values. Thus, the occurrence of a toxic effect from Pb (HQ = 1.94.10 -5 <1), Cd (HQ = 1.9.10 -4 <1) and Hg (HQ = 3.4.10 -4 < 1) after Kolanuts consumption is very unlikely since the HQ are all less than 1. Conclusion: Consumption of kolanuts from Côte d’Ivoire would not present any health risk for the consumer.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Wines by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-925
Author(s):  
J C Měranger ◽  
E Somers
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Analysis ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Evaporation Stage ◽  
Zinc Nickel

Abstract The effect of alcohol and sugar concentration on the atomic absorption analysis of copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium, and cobalt has been investigated. Sugar reduced the sensitivity of analysis but could be compensated for by using the method of additions. Interference from alcohol was avoided by introducing an evaporation stage, and the concentration of the above cations was determined by direct aspiration in 24 native and imported wines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination Level (Mercury, Lead, Cadmium) in Fishery Products Exported From Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye DIOUF ◽  
Jean FALL ◽  
Abdou Samath DIOUF ◽  
Mame Mor NDOUR ◽  
Diegane NDONG
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Domestic, hospital and industrial wastes are major generators of heavy metals. These wastes added to those found in nature pollute the aquatic environment through the discharge. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms. They accumulate in these beings. Humans get intoxicated by ingesting fish species contaminated by heavy metals. To evaluate the risk of intoxication of humans, it is proposed to determine the mercury, lead and cadmium content of fish and shellfish processed in Senegal. The contamination level of mercury content is determined by the DMA 80. The lead and cadmium content in the species is made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results obtained show that among the metals measured, lead has the highest content in all species. This is due to its abundance in the waste. Lead is more concentrated in species that live on the bottom. Large species concentrate high levels of mercury due to accumulation and biomagnification. Cadmium is the most concentrated in invertebrates, most of whose consumption consists of plants. The levels of all heavy metals measured in species do not exceed national and international standards. But as metals accumulate, monitoring is needed to limit poisoning.

scholarly journals Sanitary Risks Connected to the Consumption of Infusion fromSenna rotundifoliaL. Contaminated with Lead and Cadmium in Cotonou (Benin)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Montcho ◽  
K. Koudouvo ◽  
A. P. E. Yehouenou ◽  
P. Guedenon ◽  
L. Koumolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

This study carried out an assessment of sanitary risks connected to the consumption ofSenna rotundifoliaLinn. contaminated with lead and cadmium. This plant was collected and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed a contamination of plants from markets of Dantokpa, Vossa, and Godomey with heavy metals.Sennafrom Vossa was higher in cadmium and lead levels (Pb: 2.733 mg/kg ± 0.356 mg/kg; Cd: 0.58 mg/kg ± 0.044 mg/kg) compared to the two other places (Pb: 1.825 mg/kg ± 0.133 mg/kg, Cd: 0.062 mg/kg ± 0.015 mg/kg and Pb: 1.902 mg/kg ± 0.265 mg/kg, Cd: 0.328 mg/kg ± 0.024 mg/kg), respectively, for Dantokpa and Godomey. In terms of risk assessment through the consumption ofSenna, the values recorded for lead were nine times higher with children and six times higher with adults than the daily permissive intake (Pb: 3.376 × 10−2 mg/kg/day for children and 2.105 × 10−2 mg/kg/day for adults versus 3.6 × 10−3 mg/kg/day for DPI). With respect to cadmium, there was no significant difference between the recorded values and the DPI (Cd: 1 × 14 10−3 mg/ kg/day for children and Cd: 0.71 × 10−3 mg/ kg/day for adults versus Cd: 1 × 10−3 mg/kg/day for adults). This exposure of the population to lead and cadmium through the consumption of antimalarial healing plants could pose public health problems.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

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