scholarly journals Crop Water Supply and its Relation to Yield of Spring Wheat in the South of Russian Plain

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Shumova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Annual Water

Crop Water Supply and its Relation to Yield of Spring Wheat in the South of Russian Plain The proposed method to estimate water supply of spring wheat crop is based on the ratio of the water amount extracted by plants under actual conditions of growth (transpiration) to cover needs for maximum (potential) yield (potential transpiration). Estimates of spatial, inter- and intra-annual water supply variability of the spring wheat crop in basic agricultural zones are given. Dependence of the spring wheat yield on water supply is presented.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

scholarly journals The effect of liquid pig manure on the wheat yield, content and balance of nutrients in light-gray forest soil with light particle-size composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-466
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
R. N. Rybin ◽  
T. V. Andronova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Positive Balance

The research has been carried out under production conditions on light gray forest soils with light particle-size composition at an area of 550 hectares where liquid pig manure (LPM) of a large pig breeding complex is annually used as an organic fertilizer at doses of 60 and 90 t/ha. The average characteristics of LPM are as follows: dry matter content is 9.5%, pH 7.7 units, nitrogen 0.22%, phosphorus 0.11%, and potassium 0.12%. The cultivated grain crops were presented by winter and spring wheat varieties, Moskovskaya 39 and Esther, respectively. It has been established that at the dose of 60 t/ha LPM for two years of research at an average a mean wheat yield was 3.0-3.75 t/ha, and at the dose of 90 t/ha - up to 4.75 t/ha. The return on investments for fertilizers in the “winter wheat → spring wheat” crop rotation link at the dose of 60 t/ha of LPM was 5.41 kg of grain per 1 kg of active substance of manure, at the dose of 90 t/ha - 4.57 kg / kg. A positive balance of nutritional elements developed on all fields, but it was better balanced when the dose of LPM was 60 t/ha and the yield was 3.0 t/ha of grain annually, or when the LPM dose was 90 t/ha and the yield of wheat was 4.75 t/ha. In this case, the estimated potassi-um supply of soil occurs at a lower rate than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of 120 t of LPM during two years in total on loamy sand and of 180 t/ha on light loamy soil provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds by 5-22 mg/kg, and potassium - by 11-30 mg/kg with a variation coefficient of 28-57% and 21-49%, respectively.

scholarly journals ​Yield of Spring Wheat with the Combined Use of Sodium Selenite and Growth Regulators Depending on the Conditions of Water Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Seregina ◽  
D.A. Chernyshev ◽  
V.I. Trukhachev ◽  
S.L. Belopukhov ◽  
I.I. Dmitrevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Combined Use

Background: Currently, technologies that provide the energy and nutritional value of agricultural crops under extreme growing condishions have the greatest advantage. Much research is devoted to the study of the effect of brassinosteroids and their analogs, as well as zircon, which have a multifunctional effect on the yield and the formation of elements of productivity of various agricultural plants. Also many studies have been carried out to study the effect of microelements on the formation of yield and adaptive ability of grain crops. However, some aspects of increasing the efficiency of growth regulation and microelements require further study. In this regard, studies were carried out to study the effect of the combined use of growth regulators and sodium selenite on the yield and the formation of productivity elements of spring wheat, depending on the conditions of water supply. The efficiency of the action of plants growth epin and zircon, introduced together with sodium selenit, on the yield and production process of spring wheat plants under conditions of optimal irrigation and short-term soil drought has been studies. Methods: The research was carried out in 2018-2019. In a vegetation experiment at the Russian State Agarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy. The object of research was spring soft wheat of the Ivolga variety. The plants were grown in vessels with a capacity of 5 kg of soil. For the experiments, a soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil was used. The optimal conditions for water supply were created watering the vessels during the entire growing season. A short-trem drought was created by stopping irrigation duting the steming phase. The duration of the drought is 5-6 days. In experiments, growth regulations epin, zircon and sodium selenite were studied, which were used by treating seeds before sowing wich 0,01% solutions of preparations. In the studies, the yield of spring wheat ang the formation of productivity elements were determined. Result: Analysis of variance results for differences in the action of sodium selenite, zircon and epin, as well as their combination on various aspects of the production process of forming wheat yield. The stimulating effect of the combined use of sodium selenite and zircon on the reproductive organs of wheat was established, as a result of cariopses in an ear increased by 1.43 time. The activation of the attracting ability of the ear established when using the conscientious use of sodium selenite and epin. As a result, the wheat yield increased by 20% with optimal water supply and drought.

WheatPot: A simple model for spring wheat yield potential using monthly weather data

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Andarzian ◽  
A.M. Bakhshandeh ◽  
M. Bannayan ◽  
Y. Emam ◽  
G. Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Weather Data

Seasonal variation in the value of subsoil water to wheat: simulation studies in southern New South Wales

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lilley ◽  
J. A. Kirkegaard
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Subsoil Water ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
South Wales

Water stored deep in the soil profile is valuable to crop yield but its availability and conversion to grain vary with preceding management and seasonal rainfall distribution. We investigated the value of subsoil water to wheat on the Red Kandosol soils in southern New South Wales, Australia, using the APSIM Wheat model, carefully validated for the study area. Simulation treatments over 106 years of historic climate data involved a factorial combination of (1) a preceding crop of either lucerne (Dry treatment) or a low-yielding wheat crop (Wet treatment) and (2) restriction of wheat root depth to either 1.2 or 1.8 m. Root access to the subsoil (1.2–1.8 m) increased wheat yield by an average of 0.6 and 0.3 t/ha for the Wet and Dry treatments, respectively, at Cootamundra (mean annual rainfall 624 mm) and by 0.5 and 0.1 t/ha at Ardlethan (mean annual rainfall 484 mm). The differences were principally related to the frequency with which the subsoil failed to wet up, which occurred in 8% and 39% of years at Cootamundra in Wet and Dry treatments, respectively, but in 21% and 79% of years at Ardlethan. In seasons where water from the subsoil was used, the mean value of the water for grain yield, expressed as marginal water-use efficiency (MWUE), was 30–36 kg/ha.mm at both sites. High MWUE (>60 kg/ha.mm) generally occurred in seasons of above-average rainfall when subsoil water facilitated extra post-anthesis water extraction, including that from upper soil layers, to realise the high yield potential. Low MWUE (<10 kg/ha.mm) occurred when re-translocation of pre-anthesis assimilate to grain in the 1.2 m treatment compensated for reduced subsoil water extraction and no yield difference between 1.2 and 1.8 m treatments was observed. Counter-intuitively, the results suggest that subsoil water will be of more value in higher rainfall environments due to its more frequent occurrence, and in above-average seasons due to more efficient conversion to grain.

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Garand ◽  
R R Simard ◽  
A F MacKenzie ◽  
C. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Nutritional Effect

Although there is a potential to substantially reduce N fertiliser inputs by cropping spring cereals with an interseeded legume, the agronomic value and the nitrate catch-crop effect associated with this practice are not documented under the conditions of eastern Canada. This 3-yr study estimated N credits and non-N nutritional effects for interseeded clover (Trifolium pratense L. 'Arlington') in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Algot') and assessed fall and spring nitrate (NO3−) in soil. The soil is a St. Urbain clay (Orthic Gleysol) located in the St. Lawrence lowlands. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 with or without red clover as a companion crop. Clover was incorporated as a green manure crop in mid-November. Clover significantly (P = 0.05) influenced wheat yield response to N fertilisation for 2 of the 3 yr. Clover did not reduce wheat grain yield through competition between the two plant species. Higher wheat yields with clover were attributed to N supplied by clover through mineralisation of residues incorporated in the soil the previous fall. Nitrogen fertiliser replacement value of clover was approximately 80 kg N ha-1 for 1994 and 1995. Clover occasionally increased NO3−-N measured in the soil profile in late fall and in spring. Interseeded red clover may provide most of the N needs of a companion spring wheat crop in fine-textured gleysolic soils, but is an inefficient N catch-crop. Key words: N credits, non-N nutritional effect, N catch-crop

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Potential Yield Loss of Wheat Caused by Stripe Rust in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The U.S

Climatic variation in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) affects epidemics of wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Previous models only estimated disease severity at the flowering stage, which may not predict the actual yield loss. To identify weather factors correlated to stripe rust epidemics and develop models for predicting potential yield loss, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using weather parameters and historical yield loss data from 1993 to 2007 for winter wheat and 1995 to 2007 for spring wheat. Among 1,376 weather variables, 54 were correlated to yield loss of winter wheat and 18 to yield loss of spring wheat. Among the seasons, winter temperature variables were more highly correlated to wheat yield loss than the other seasons. The sum of daily temperatures and accumulated negative degree days of February were more highly correlated to winter wheat yield loss than the other monthly winter variables. In addition, the number of winter rainfall days was found correlated with yield loss. Six yield loss models were selected for each of winter and spring wheats based on their better correlation coefficients, time of weather data availability during the crop season, and better performance in validation tests. Compared with previous models, the new system of using a series of the selected models has advantages that should make it more suitable for forecasting and managing stripe rust in the major wheat growing areas in the U.S. PNW, where the weather conditions have become more favorable to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Prediction of potential and attainable yield of wheat : A case study on yield gap

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
R. K. MALL ◽  
M. K. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
Attainable Yield

This study reports the role of field experimentation and system simulation in better quantifying the productivity of wheat crop, and examine how knowledge on potential productivity can improve the efficiency of the production system. When knowledge from field experimentation is utilised into crop weather simulation models, gap between actual, attainable and potential yield for a given environment can be determined and opportunities for yield improvement can be assessed. Results show that while actual district average yields show increasing trend, decreasing trend is noticed in potential and attainable yield. While the total and management yield gap is decreasing over time, research yield gap does not show any trend, it is nearly stagnant from early eighties to late nineties. The study reported here presents the advantage of simulation models to determine the yield gap against a variable annual yield potential for a agro-climatic region.

scholarly journals A comparative ideotype, yield component and cultivation value analysis for spring wheat adaptation in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Laurila ◽  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Conditions

In this study Mixed structural covariance, Path and Cultivation Value analyses and the CERES-Wheat crop model were used to evaluate vegetation and yield component variation affecting yield potential between different high-latitude (> 60° N lat.) and mid-European (< 60° N lat.) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes currently cultivated in southern Finland. Path modeling results from this study suggest that especially grains/ear, harvest index (HI) and maximum 1000 kernel weight were significant factors defining the highest yield potential. Mixed and Cultivation value modeling results suggest that when compared with genotypes introduced for cultivation before 1990s, modern spring wheat genotypes have a significantly higher yielding capacity, current high yielding mid-European genotypes even exceeding the 5 t ha-1 non-potential baseline yield level (yb). Because of a forthcoming climate change, the new high yielding wheat genotypes have to adapt for elevated temperatures and atmospheric CO2 growing conditions in northern latitudes. The optimized ideotype profiles derived from the generic high-latitude and mid-European genotypes are presented in the results. High-latitude and mid-European ideotype profiles with factors estimating the effects of concurrent elevated CO2 and temperature levels with photoperiodical daylength effects can be utilized when designing future high yielding ideotypes adapted to future growing conditions. The CERES-Wheat ideotype modeling results imply, that with new high yielding mid-European ideotypes, the non-potential baseline yield (yb) would be on average 5150 kg ha-1 level (+ 108 %) vs. new high-latitude ideotypes (yb 4770 kg ha-1, 100%) grown under the elevated CO2(700ppm)×temperature(+3ºC) growing conditions projected by the year 2100 climate change scenario in southern Finland.

Evaluating the contribution of take-all control to the break-crop effect in wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lawes ◽  
V. V. S. R. Gupta ◽  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
D. K. Roget
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Take All

Break-crops such as legumes and oilseeds increase the yield of subsequent cereal crops by reducing the level of diseases and weeds that build in continuous cereal crops, and can also improve water and nitrogen supply. Although the term ‘break-crop’ originates from their role in breaking disease cycles of soil-borne diseases such as take-all (caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), the contribution of take-all control to the overall break-crop effect has not been separated in most studies. We re-analysed a range of medium- and short-term crop-sequencing experiments comprising 18 year × site combinations in diverse environments in southern Australia. An analysis using linear mixed effects models was conducted to: (i) define the agro-environments that lead to increases in take-all incidence in continuous wheat crop sequences, (ii) quantify the effect of take-all on wheat yield, and (iii) ascertain the contribution of the reduction in take-all following break-crops to the size of the total break-crop effect on wheat crop yield. Break-crop effects on wheat yield averaged 0.7 t/ha and ranged from 0 to 2.1 t/ha. On 14 of 18 occasions, take-all contributed to reduced wheat yield in continuous wheat rotations, although the estimated effect exceeded 0.1 t/ha on just six of those occasions. As a result, reduced take-all by break-crops contributed to <20% of the total break-crop effect in all but one instance, where the suppression accounted for 80% of the break-crop effect. In summary, although the break-crops improved wheat yield by 0.7 t/ha, the contribution from take-all control in the 14 locations where it could be quantified was just 0.1 t/ha. Correlation analysis revealed that take-all incidence in wheat was most likely to proliferate in colder, wetter environments. Take-all can severely damage crop yield, and the reduction contributes to the break-crop effect, but the average impact on wheat yield is small and poorly correlated with the potential yield of the wheat crop. The analytical approach helped to quantify the effect of take-all damage on crop yield, to provide further insight into the agro-environment that contributes to high levels of take-all incidence, and to demonstrate that take-all, like many other processes, operates in an episodic manner that is rare but, on occasions, severe.

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