Implementing Ethical Principles in Social Research: Challenges, Possibilities and Limitations

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Žydžiūnaitė Vilma
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Responsibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The article is based on descriptive theoretical research and focused on ethical principles in social research. It involves considerations on ethical principles and dimensions in social research as well as challenges and limitations for social researchers / scientists when they implement the social research studies. The following research questions are raised in the article: What are the challenges for social researchers / scientists and how to solve them in order to maintain the ethics of research? What commitments include ethical dimensions of social research? What ethical principles are relevant to scientific research, regardless of it‘s specific discipline? The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of implementation of ethical principles, limitations, obstacles, and challenges in social research. The author concludes that ethical considerations in social research are critical as they help to determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. The essential ethical considerations in social research ethics remains professional competence, integrity, processional and scientific responsibility, respect for research participants’ rights, dignity and diversity, and social responsibility of social researchers / scientists. In the conclusions also is accentuated that social researchers / scientists must be sensitive to cultural, individual, and role differences in serving, teaching, and studying groups of people with distinctive characteristics. In all of their social research-related or based activities they should acknowledge the rights of others to hold values, attitudes, and opinions that differ from their own. Thus social researchers / scientists should be aware of their professional and scientific responsibility to the social sciences communities and societies in which they live and work. They are responsible to apply and make public their knowledge in order to contribute to the public good.

FINANCIAL SYSTEM RISKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
S. E. Demidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Financial System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Government interference in the social-economic processes through the implementation of anti-crisis measures and fiscal expansion holds the embodiment of financial risks for economic entities. As a result, government debt and budget gaps at the continuing drop of real disposable household income and companies’ profitability grow. Over a long-term horizon, the decisions made can cause a financial system misbalance and new risk generation, including systemic risks in the sphere of public finance. The author carries out the theoretical research of financial system risks, which can result in a decrease in the system stability in general. The study determines that there is no single theoretical concept of financial risks of the public sector. Within the research, the author analyzed the approaches to systemic risks in various economic sectors and decomposed systemic risk of the public finance sphere. The study specified global factors of influence on the financial system stability, determined the impact factors and common fiscal limitations considering the needs in the execution of state obligations. The pandemic factor – COVID-19 spread is highlighted as an exogenous factor of impact on the formation of financial system misbalances. The main threat to the financial system stability considered in terms of the functional-institutional approach is the deficiency of economic entities’ liquidity. Unprecedented budgetary measures of anti-crisis financial regulation, the deferred impact – tax preferences, and monetary measures had an immediate influence on the liquidity volume during the implementation of anti-COVID activities. Tools of budgetary monitoring, budget expenditures reviews, tax expenditures reviews, and budget consolidation ensure the budget mechanism flexibility. Factors producing financial system risks and the selected measures of state regulation will set the trends for the social-economic development of the country in the coming years.

Evaluating the effect of macroeconomic variables on the welfare changes in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-604
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nabi Shahiki Tash ◽  
Saber Molaei ◽  
Kamran Barghandan
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
Welfare Changes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of cardinal welfare based on Sen’s index using both Pareto and non-Pareto states besides evaluating the effective factors on the welfare changes according to a fuzzy least-squares regression model. Design/methodology/approach The social welfare functions express the optimal social allocations in the public economics. Therefore, they can be applied as a tool to represent the difference of utility allocations among consumers. There are various criteria on the literature pertaining to the social welfare functions such as those of Dasgupta et al. (1970), Sheshinski (1972), Sen (1974), Yitzhaki (1979), Shorrocks (1983), Kakwani (1984), Dagum (1990, 1993), Mukhopadhaya (2003), and Mukhopadhaya and Rao (2001). The Sen’s welfare function because of strong theoretical basis and enjoying the welfare axioms is more celebrated among others so that it is a function of individual utilities resulting from the individual’s social positions. Findings The findings indicate that the welfare level has increased by about 4.8 percent during the period 2002-2007; by nearly 3.1 percent during 1997-2001 and mature to 2.7 percent from 1992 to 1996 such that the period 1997-2007 has had the highest level of social welfare improvement in Iran. The results obtained from the fuzzy regression show that the unemployment rate, inflation rate and Gini coefficient variables have an adverse relation with the cardinal welfare in both Pareto and non-Pareto cases, while the literacy rate and government expenditures have a positive relation with the welfare index. The findings also imply that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and welfare level in Iran. Originality/value I verify that this manuscript is an original study.

scholarly journals In defence of governance: ethics review and social research

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 710-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sheehan ◽  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Kate Sahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Constitutive Element

There is a growing body of literature that has sought to undermine systems of ethical regulation, and governance more generally, within the social sciences. In this paper, we argue that any general claim for a system of research ethics governance in social research depends on clarifying the nature of the stake that society has in research. We show that certain accounts of this stake—protecting researchers’ freedoms; ensuring accountability for resources; safeguarding welfare; and supporting democracy—raise relevant ethical considerations that are reasonably contested. However, these accounts cannot underpin a general claim in favour of, or against, a system of research ethics governance. Instead, we defend governance in social research on the grounds that research, as an institutionalised form of enquiry, is a constitutive element of human flourishing, and that society ought to be concerned with the flourishing of its members. We conclude by considering the governance arrangements that follow from, and are justified by, our arguments.

scholarly journals Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Intellectual Commons

The intellectual commons exhibit propensities with a positive potential for society, bearing ethical substance but are in need of protection and advancement under the auspices of law. Theories of the intellectual commons provide substantial justifications for the promotion of commons-oriented institutions in contemporary societies. In this chapter the author details afresh the tendencies, manifestations and moral dimensions of the intellectual commons and how the social research in this book provides empirical evidence about the existence of distinct sequences and circuits of social value circulating. This leads directly to the justification of an Intellectual Commons Law. What might be the fundamentals of such a new body of law? The crucial first step, it is argued, would be the reconstitution of the public domain as a common space of sharing, collaboration, innovation, and freedom of expression through policies for its protection, expansion and enrichment. Secondly, a commons-oriented legal framework ought to unconditionally recognise and protect the creative practices within commons-based peer production and guarantee the characteristics of societal constitutionalism encountered in intellectual commons communities. Finally, commons-oriented legal institutions ought to introduce sets of extensive rights to access, work upon and transform information, knowledge and culture for non-commercial purposes. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future legal research focusing on particular fields within commons-oriented policymaking reimagining the commons-based elements already present within intellectual property law proposing their reconstruction in a novel and systematic way into an independent commons-oriented body of law.

scholarly journals CRISE DO CAPITAL E ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO DA HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL NO BRASIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Aline Cavalcanti De Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Social Liberalism

O presente estudo trata do financiamento da habitação social no Brasil no período de 2006 a 2012. Para isso, a metodologia envolveu a pesquisa teórica e do orçamento público da União. A institucionalização da política habitacional se desenvolveu num contexto de tomada do Estado como indutor de uma macroeconomia sob o ideário do social-liberalismo. Nessa perspectiva, ocorreu a reestruturação do mercado imobiliário e sob a crise econômica de 2008 a implementação de medidas anticíclicas para minimizá-la. Para a promoção da habitação social tivemos o Fundo Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social orientado a satisfazer as necessidades habitacionais da população. Contudo, este foi paulatinamente desfinanciado e esvaziado de seu sentido político. Em 2009, foi criado o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida com caráter de privilegiamento do produtor privado, o que possibilita a punção de fundo público e a redução da responsabilidade do Estado sob a habitação social como direito social. Palavras-chave: Crise do capital, Política de habitação social, Orçamento público.CAPITAL CRISIS AND PUBLIC SOCIAL HOUSING BUDGET IN BRAZIL Abstract: This study deals the financing of social housing in Brazil between the years 2006 to 2012. For this purpose, the methodology involved the theoretical research and the Union's public budget. The institutionalization of the housing policy developed in a context of state taken as inducer of macroeconomics under the social liberalism of ideas. From this perspective, it occurred the restructure of the housing market and under the economic crisis of 2008 measures were implemented to minimize it. For the promotion of social housing we had the National Funding for housing of social interesting oriented to meet the housing needs of the population. However, this was gradually non-funding and withdraw from its political sense. In 2009, it was created the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida with character of the private producer privileging to continue taking in the public fund and the State’s to reduce under the politic of social housing as a social right. Key words: Capital Crisis, Social housing policy, Public budget.

scholarly journals A DIVERGENT PATTERN OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES AND SPENDING IN ELECTION YEAR - A CASE OF INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri ◽  
Yusnin Husaini ◽  
Heru Fahlevi ◽  
AK Siti-Nabiha
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
T Test ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Election System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Social Expenditures

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the difference in budgeted own-source revenues and social expenditures between districts headed by incumbent candidates and non-incumbent candidates in the Indonesian head of district elections in 2015. The difference between both budgets indicates the use of public money by incumbent candidates to win the election. Methodology: This study focuses on local governments/districts in Indonesia. Using the Slovin formula, 226 observations were analysed. The sample was classified into two groups, namely 75 districts with incumbent candidates (or 66.4%) and 38 districts with non-incumbent candidates (or 33.6%). Data was compiled from the official district's budget for 2014 and 2015 (the election year) and analysed using pair t-test and independent t-test. Main Findings: This study revealed that in the budgets of incumbent candidates, own-source revenue and grant expenditures are statistically higher in the election year as compared to the pre-election year, except for the social aid fund. Additionally, local owned revenues, grant and social aid expenditures in the budgets of districts with incumbents were statistically higher than districts where there were no incumbent candidates in the general election. Applications of this study: The results of this study confirm a strong indication of the public money used by incumbent candidates for their political interest. Thus, the regulation of local government budgets, especially in the election year should be amended and tightened up. Novelty/Originality of this study: Studies on how public money is exploited by incumbent candidates are still scanty, especially in developing countries where a direct vote election system is adopted.

Covid-19, Chaos theory and the “drop of honey effect”. Viruses and human behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José António Filipe
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Moment

The paper applies the “drop of honey effect” to the Covid-19 disease’s spread and to the timing for acting. The timing and level of the adopted measures are considered crucial in terms of the virus spread and of the health consequences for populations. The study allows to conclude that a small difference in the adoption of the most proper measures in the initial moment, as much as the measures’ level, may make all the difference in the consequences of the disease and in its pandemic effects, what is valid not only for the first moment after the disease appearance in China but also after its arrival to each country. The “drop of honey effect” is perfect to explain the way how this coronavirus spread all over the world after its detection in humans and to explain its effects. The consequences on the public health were devastating, with thousands of deaths. Also the social, economic and financial implications around the world were enormous, particularly with many stock exchanges declining severely as coronavirus spread.

Reflections on prevention of violent radicalization processes in the school context: An intercultural and critical approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Rhazzali ◽  
Valentina Schiavinato
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
School Context ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Italian Context

The article discusses the issue of the prevention of violent radicalization processes (Khosrokhavar, 2014) in schools, in the Italian context, focusing on their jihadist-type declination, and it intends to propose an interpretation based on the intercultural approach (Schiavinato & Mantovani 2005; Mantovani, 2008; Schiavinato 2015) to the difference management in public contexts (Rhazzali, 2016). This perspective allows us to move the scientific debate away from the predominantly securitarian and emergency perspective, widely adopted by public policies, that removes from the political agenda the issue of an effective and fair management of cultural and religious plurality in the society and in the public space, by adopting an approach which is defined in the literature as "policed multiculturalism" (Ragazzi, 2015). Moreover, the securitarian discourse is a leading argument of some political parties and, encouraged by the mass media, is still dominant in common sense discourses. The intercultural perspective, on the other hand, proposes a more complex interpretation that includes not only the issue of immigration, but also allows to question the changes affecting society and everyone lives, in relation to the interconnections and exchanges that characterise the current era. It therefore considers personal and individual experience within a web of relationships co-constructed in everyday interactions, that are in turn situated in a wider social and cultural framework, which gives sense and influences them and, at the same time, is signified and influenced by them. The intercultural approach, in this respect, does not renounce taking a position of criticism and questioning of exclusion or inferiorisation dynamics, that operate both on interpersonal level and in everyday relationships, and on the broader level of the social processes that frame them.

scholarly journals The Effect of Coach Gender on Competitive Weightlifting Performance for Men and Women Weightlifters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Mire ◽  
Elizabeth C. Heintz ◽  
Jeremy J. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Total Weight ◽  
Women Coaches ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference

Gender of coaches relative to their athletes has recently garnered substantial attention in the public, the media, and academia. Relative to sports engulfed in controversy pertaining to men athletes being coached by women, such as professional baseball, basketball, and football, it is more common to see women coach men in competitive weightlifting, though only a small percent of men weightlifters are coached by women. In competitive weightlifting, coaches are responsible for both physically and mentally training athletes, and with the social barriers faced by women in a sport traditionally perceived as masculine, there may be mental training or communication benefits to training with a coach of a certain gender. Examining the gender of competitive weightlifters and their coaches, total weight lifted in the snatch and clean and jerk events are analyzed using OLS regression. Results indicate that men weightlifters perform better with men coaches. Women weightlifters perform better with men coaches until the age of 43, then they perform better with women coaches. The difference in performance may be due to several factors including historical bias against women in the sport.

scholarly journals Public Sociology and Participatory Approaches. Towards a Democratization of Social Research?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
Silvia Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The subject of participation has been gathering increasing interest from the various social disciplines: from politology to psychology, from urban sociology to evaluation, this concept carries a particular fascination and discussing participatory research has now become an absolute must. However, an adequate reflection on methodologies for analyzing research practices and evaluating hypotheses and effects when setting up actual research relationships has not followed on the tail of this new tendency. This paper arises from that need and aims, through discussion of the main debates that have interested science and sociology, to reevaluate a critical approach towards the analysis of the social relationships that are created during a research investigation. This study starts out as a reflection aimed at analyzing the impact that participation, in all its various forms, can have on the way research is carried out. The originality of this article lies in the proposal of a form of participation, and from this, the expression of a hope for the future of social sciences: that we can aspire towards a dialogical model and towards a new cooperative and emancipatory relationship with the public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document