scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Six Soybean Genotypes on Short-term Flooding Condition in the Type-B Overflow Tidal Swamps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Danner Sagala ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Type B ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

A study to explore the agronomic response of some soybean genotypes to temporary flooding in the type-B overflow tidal swamp and to obtain the adaptive genotype to the environment was arranged in a split-plot design at coordinates 2°64’46.77” S and 104°75’27.75” E with an altitude of 3.5 m above sea level. The main plot was subject to short-term flooding with a variety of cultivation technologies consisting of saturated soil culture (SSC) for one month without flooding, SSC for one month with flooding, SSC during plant growth without flooding, SSC during plant growth with flooding and non-SSC/dry cultivation. The subplot was soybean genotype consisting of 6 genotypes: Tanggamus, Karasumame (Naihou), M652, Anjasmoro, M100-47-52-13, and Tachinagaha. The result showed that impaired soybean growth at the beginning of the growth stage caused pressure on the later growth stage and decreased soybean yield. Short-term flooding reduced the soybean yield. The non-tropical genotypes of Karasumamae (Naihou), M652 and Tachinagaha produced the lowest yield of seeds; 20% lower than the tropical genotypes of Anjasmoro, M100-47-52-13 and Tanggamus with SSC during plant growth without flooding treatment. The Karasumame (Naihou) genotype produced the highest seed yield of the three non-tropical genotypes. Anjasmoro and M100-47-52-13 produced the highest seed yield at temporary flooding.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

Physiological attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) influenced by different sources of nutrients (NPK) in Madhupur tract region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 736-748
Author(s):  
M. M. Hossain ◽  
◽  
S. Yesmin ◽  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Sources

An experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm from April to June 2017 in Kharif season to evaluate the performance of two mungbean varieties under different NPK fertilizers doses in field conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising six treatments with three replications. In the experiment, varieties used were BARI mung-6 and BARI mung-5 and the combination of the treatment were T0 = (control), T1 (10-40-25 NPK kg ha-1), T2 (10-60-45 NPK kg ha-1), T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1), T4 (30-40-25 NPK kg ha-1) and T5 (30-40-45 NPK kg ha-1), respectively. Mungbean cultivars responded noticeably to the supplementary NPK fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizers. Data were recorded on plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed, and straw yield at different days after sowing. Of the two varieties, BARI mung-6 gave the highest seed yield (1.72 t ha-1) next to the higher plant growth and straw yield On the contrary, BARI mung-5 cultivar produced the lowest seed yield (1.57t ha-1), plant growth, and straw yield. The results showed that T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) treatment was the best treatment as regards plant growth and yield parameters. The highest seed yield was produced by treated plot T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) over the untreated control plot, T1, T2, T4, and T5, respectively. As for the combined effect, V1T3 (BARI mung-6 and T3 = 20kg N + 50kg P + 35kg K ha-1) performed the best results in all growth and development characters. Therefore, the combined application of 20-50-35 kg NPK ha-1 might be considered to be found optimal to get a considerable seed yield of mungbean variety BARI mung-6.

Canola Growth Stage at Time of Infection Determines Magnitude of White Leaf Spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) Impact

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsal Murtza ◽  
Ming Pei You ◽  
Martin John BARBETTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Field Plots

White leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) is a persistent and increasingly important foliar disease for canola (Brassica napus) across southern Australia. To define the role of plant growth stage on development of the disease epidemic, we first investigated the response of different canola cultivars (Scoop and Charlton) at five Sylvester-Bradley growth stages against N. capsellae. White leaf spot disease incidence and severity was dependent upon plant growth stage and cultivar (both P < 0.001), with plants being most susceptible at plant growth stage 1,00 (cotyledon stage) followed by plant growth stage 1,04 (4th leaf stage). Then, second, to quantify the impact of this disease on canola yield, we investigated the in-field relationship of white leaf spot disease incidence and severity with seed yield loss following artificial inoculation commencing at growth stage 1.04 (4th leaf stage). White leaf spot significantly (P < 0.001) reduced seed yield by 24% in N. capsellae inoculated field plots compared with non-inoculated field plots. We believe that this is the first time that serious seed yield losses from this disease have been quantified in-field. The current study demonstrates that N. capsellae disease incidence and severity on canola is determined by host growth stage at which pathogen infestation occurs. Emerging seedling cotyledons were highly susceptible, followed by less susceptibility in first true leaves to emerge but then increasing susceptibility as plants subsequently age towards the 4th leaf stage. This explains field observances where white leaf spot readily establishes on emerging seedlings and subsequently becomes more prevalent and severe as plants age.

scholarly journals SOURGRASS INTERFERENCE ON SOYBEAN GROWN IN BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-358
Author(s):  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
ALINE GUIMARÃES CRUVINEL ◽  
ALAN BRUNO CANEPPELE ◽  
HUDSON KAGUEYAMA TAKANO ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is one of the main species causing significant losses in Brazilian soybean production systems. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate sourgrass interference on soybeans grown under Cerrado conditions. Three field experiments were conducted, of which the first two (E1 and E2) simulated sourgrass after pre-sowing burndown, using plants already emerged by the time soybeans were sown; whereas the third (E3) simulated both sourgrass and soybeans emerged simultaneously. Both E1 and E2 were conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments based on sourgrass infestation densities (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m-2) and four replications. In turn, E3 was also carried out in an RCBD but with treatments arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial and four replications. The first factor comprised two soybean cultivars, while the second was sourgrass density levels, just as in E1 and E2. The results showed that increasing sourgrass densities reduced soybean yield regardless of the plant growth stage when the crop was sown. Yield losses were higher when sourgrass plants were already established by the time soybean was sown. Soybean yield losses reached up to 80% under higher sourgrass infestation levels.

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Density and Planting Pattern on Growth and Seed Yield of Groundnuts [Arachis hypogaea (l.)] in the Wet Middleveld of Eswatini

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N. Magagula ◽  
M. P. Mabuza ◽  
N. Zubuko
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
The University

The most appropriate plant density and planting pattern to use for optimum growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eswatini among those currently used is not known, as the patterns are highly influenced by environmental conditions in specific regions. A field trial was conducted with the objective of determining the optimum plant density and planting pattern for groundnut in the Wet Middleveld of Eswatini. The experiment was conducted at the University of Eswatini, Luyengo Campus during the 2018/2019 cropping. The treatments consisted of three planting densities (i.e. 88,889 plants/ha, 44,444 plants/ha, and 29,630 plants/ha) and two planting patterns (i.e. Ridges and Raisedbeds) in a split plot arrangement. Results showed that all the measured parameters including seed yield were not significantly different in all treatments. However, the highest seed yield was obtained at low plant density which was 71.4 kg/ha followed by 568 kg/ha at medium and the least was 434 kg/ha at high plant density. The high plant density (88889 plants/ha) obtained the highest value of dry biomass (13018 kg/ha) at ridges which was higher than 3859 kg/ha obtained at the low plant density (29630 plants/ha) at raised beds at R6 growth stage. The ridges at the intermediate plant density (44444 plants per hectare) obtained the highest shelling percentage of 59.67% while the lowest (56%) shelling percentage was obtained at raised beds at 88889 plants per hectare. It is concluded that groundnuts at raised beds with low plant density yielded higher than those at ridges with high plant density. It is therefore, recommended that groundnuts be planted at raised beds with low plant density to increase groundnut production and for ease of harvesting.

AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of multi environment yield trial of soybeanin North Western Himalayan state Uttarakhand of India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Bhartiya ◽  
J. P. Aditya ◽  
Kamendra Singh ◽  
Pushpendra Pushpendra ◽  
J. P. Purwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Ideal Genotype

The investigation was carried out to study Genotype × Environment (G×E) interaction for seed yield in 36 soybean genotypes including check PS1092 over 3 diverse environments represented by different altitudes in Uttarakhand. Grain yield performances of soybean genotypes were evaluated during Kharif 2013 season using a randomized complete block design. The AMMI analysis indicated that environment, genotypes and genotype by environment interactions had significantly affected seed yield and accounted for 9.76, 28.97 and 47.55% of the total variation, respectively. GGE biplot clearly displayed interrelationships between test locations as well as genotypes and facilitated visual comparisons based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first two principal components PCI and PCII were used to create a two-dimensional GGE biplot that accounted for 45.68 and 38.88% variations respectively and based on discriminating and representative ability, E2 (Majhera) was most suitable location for selecting generally adapted genotypes. Soybean genotype C1 (PS1539) was identified as ideal genotype with high yield and low G×E interaction i.e. high stability.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation with Different Sources of Water on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Compounds in Oregano

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Leo Sabatino ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Teresa Tuttolomondo ◽  
Claudio Leto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Aromatic plants can benefit from the use of treated wastewater to satisfy their water requirements, but the effects on the essential oil yield and quality need an assessment. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of freshwater and treated wastewater obtained from a Sicilian (Italy) pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system on plant growth and yield, essential oil yield and composition of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) and soil characteristics. The system had a total surface area of 100 m2 and was planted with giant reed and umbrella sedge. An experimental open field of oregano was set up close to the system. Two years and two different sources of irrigation water were tested in a split-plot design for a two-factor experiment. Treated wastewater was characterized by higher values of mineral and organic constituents than freshwater. The results highlight that short-term irrigation with freshwater and treated wastewater, in both years, led to increased plant growth, dry weight and essential oil yield of oregano plants. However, it did not significantly affect the essential oil content and composition in comparison with the control. Furthermore, the year and source of irrigation water did not significantly vary the chemical composition of the soil. Our results suggest that treated wastewater can be considered an alternative to freshwater for the cultivation of oregano due to the fact that it does not greatly influence the yield quality and quantity of this species in the short-term.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Fang He ◽  
Björn Thiele ◽  
David Kraus ◽  
Souhaila Bouteyine ◽  
Michelle Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiological Variables

Vegetable product quality is an important consideration for consumers. Long-term root cooling could improve certain food quality of horticultural crops, but often comes at the expense of reduced shoot biomass or yield. Since few studies have investigated how fast Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) responds to changes of root temperature, we shortened the duration of the root cooling treatment to one week before harvest to make the production system more effective. The aim of this study was to improve the food quality of Chinese broccoli without causing deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. The seedlings were cultivated hydroponically at two root temperatures (10 and 20 °C) during the last week prior to harvest in summer 2018 (Exp-1) and autumn 2019 (Exp-2). Plant growth, yield, physiological variables, soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, glucosinolates and mineral elements concentration were examined. The results showed that the yield reduction was alleviated compared to results over the long-term. Specifically, yield was not affected by root cooling in Exp-1 and reduced by 18.9% in Exp-2 compared to 20 °C. Glucose and fructose concentrations of the leaves were increased when the root temperature was 10 °C in both experiments with a more pronounced impact in Exp-2. In addition, root cooling produced a significant accumulation of individual glucosinolates, such as progoitrin, gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, in the stems of Exp-1 and the leaves of Exp-2. Minerals, such as N, showed reductions in the shoot, but accumulation in the root. Therefore, compared to long-term root cooling, short-term (one week) reduction of the root temperature is more economical and could help improve certain quality characteristics of Chinese broccoli with less or even no yield reduction.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Common Genetic Basis Underlying Seed Hilum Size, Yield, and Quality Traits in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Chunyan Yang ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Developing high yielding cultivars with outstanding quality traits are perpetual objectives throughout crop breeding operations. Confoundingly, both of these breeding objectives typically involve working with complex quantitative traits that can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Establishing correlations of these complex traits with more easily identifiable and highly heritable traits can simplify breeding processes. In this study, two parental soybean genotypes contrasting in seed hilum size, yield, and seed quality, as well as 175 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from these parents, were grown in 3 years. The h2b of four hilum size, two quality and two yield traits, ranged from 0.72 to 0.87. The four observed hilum size traits exhibited significant correlation (P &lt; 0.05) with most of seed yield and quality traits, as indicated by correlation coefficients varying from -0.35 to 0.42, which suggests that hilum size could be considered as a proxy trait for soybean yield and quality. Interestingly, among 53 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.51 to 6.69 and accounting for 6.40–16.10% of genetic variation, three loci encoding hilum size, qSH6.2, qSH8, and qSH10, colocated with QTLs for seed yield and quality traits, demonstrating that genes impacting seed hilum size colocalize in part with genes acting on soybean yield and quality. As a result of the breeding efforts and field observations described in this work, it is reasonable to conclude that optimizing hilum size through selection focused on a few QTLs may be useful for breeding new high yielding soybean varieties with favorable quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Porównanie aktywności peroksydazy, katalazy i fosfatazy kwaśnej w liściach pora w okresie intensywnego wzrostu i pod koniec wegetacji roślin w rożnych warunkach uprawy [Dynamics of the changes of peroxidase, catalase, and acid phosphatase activities in leeks under the influence of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
E. Gurgul ◽  
E. Kołota ◽  
D. Ściążko
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Influence

Results obtained in a field experiment showed a high influence of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the activity of peroxidase, while acid phosphatase activity showed only small differences. The peroxidase activity depended to a large degree on the leeks growth stage. Maximum peroxidase, catalase and - in some cases – acid phosphatase activity were found at nitrogen doses higher than optimal for the plant growth and yield.

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