scholarly journals IMPORT SUBSTITUTION: THE BOARDERS OF THE ENERGY SECURITY

2016 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
N. N. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Interstate Cooperation ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
National Production ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Globalized World

The article analyzes issues of import substitution in national production and determination of its effective scale considering the country's involvement to international division of labor and an important role of interstate cooperation in today's globalized world. The relevance of the study relies on the fact, that unfavorable global economic and politic situation in 2014-2015 raised concerns among the Russian authorities and the society in general about the stability of the economy and the necessity to increase its independence and self-sustainability. Sectoral economic sanctions imposed by western developed countries could potentially lead to disruptions in the supply of components and equipment that ensure the operation of power facilities. Currently power companies are influenced by the external economic situation and the devaluation of the national currency. As the result, goods of foreign manufacture have become significantly more expensive and opportunities for power companies to realize their investing and repair programs have been reduced. Thereby there is a high importance of developing the substitution-oriented production of the high-tech electric equipment within the Russian Federation's territory. Import substitution issues are closely related to the governmental industrial policy. The programs of the national production development need huge investments and that's why issues of economic effectiveness evaluation are highly relevant. But balances between economy's specialization and diversification, import substitution and export orientation are also highly important. Such measures directed at artificial import rationing as sanctions against foreign goods, creating favorable competitive environment for national producers, governmental grants could in prospect lead to a stagnation of the economy.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

The article identifies the key conceptual foundations for the formation of intellectual leadership of economic entities, including countries as specific actors in the global economy. Thorough preconditions for increasing the level of economic development and the impact of education have been identified. It is determined that historical concepts and modern realities of economic activity only actualize the role of education and enlightenment in the economic development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness. The strategies of increasing the competitiveness of individual countries of the world are analyzed, their key priorities in the conditions of formation of the knowledge economy are determined. The evolution of views on the role of human and intellectual capital in increasing the welfare of countries, the impact on GDP and other macroeconomic indicators is described. The ratings of countries are analyzed, in particular by the level of investment in intellectual capital and the structure of their GDP, which confirms the dominance of science-intensive economic activities. In addition, it was determined that the leading countries are characterized by increasing the role of knowledge-intensive activities, increasing the share of intangible assets, redistribution of capital of leading international companies and increasing research spending, increasing investment in human and intellectual capital, increasing exports of high-tech products. Analytical assessment confirms the advanced development of science-intensive industries in countries with developed economies, which creates the need for training and retraining of specialists needed for such industries. In modern conditions, the educational process ceases to be predominantly the prerogative of young people, and becomes a lifelong process, which increases spending on education in developed countries, but without denying the significant asymmetries on this indicator. Research confirms the direct relationship between the quality of human and physical capital and economic development, which is typical of highly developed countries, one of the main reasons for the development lag of the poorest countries. In addition, the article substantiates the key factors of intellectual leadership and their impact on the development of economic development strategies.

scholarly journals Avaliação da estabilidade de agregados e a vulnerabilidade à erosão ao longo de uma vertente no município de Araruna, região noroeste do Paraná-Brasil / Evaluation of aggregates stability and vulnerability to erosion along a shed in the municipality of Araruna, northwest region of Paraná-Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 845-862
Author(s):  
Fabiana Barros Medeiros ◽  
Francieli Sant'ana Marcatto ◽  
Hélio Silveira ◽  
MariaTeresa De Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Northwest Region

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a vulnerabilidade à erosão dos solos da zona de contato do arenito da Formação Caiuá com o basalto da Formação Serra Geral, no município de Araruna, Mesorregião Noroeste Paranaense, dando enfoque ao papel da estabilidade da estrutura atual dos solos, considerando-se as alterações produzidas pelas formas de uso e ocupação da área. A análise realizada também considerou as variações das características morfológicas dos solos em perfil e ao longo da litossequência (sistema pedológico), assim como os seus reflexos na geração de setores mais ou menos suscetíveis à erosão na vertente. Para o levantamento dos solos ao longo da vertente foram utilizados os procediments propostos pela Análise Estrutural da Cobertura Pedológica e a coleta de amostras para a determinação da granulometria e estabilidade de agregados. Os resultados indicaram a ação dos fluxos de água laterais e verticais, atuando na transformação dos horizontes dos solos ao longo da vertente e uma variação da estabilidade estrutural associada as características morfológicas dos solos e ao tipo de uso e manejo empregado. Os Argissolos apresentaram agregados pequenos e um gradiente textural entre o horizonte superficial e subsuperficial, lhe conferindo uma forte suscetibilidade a erosão. O Nitossolo não apresentou grande diferenciação no tamanho dos agregados, exceto no horizonte Bw, onde a redução no tamanho dos agregados se associaram a mudança morfológica da estrutura do solo.AbstractThis research aims to study the vulnerability to soil erosion of the contact zone of the sandstone Formation Caiuá with basalt of the Serra Geral Formation, in the municipality of Araruna, Paraná Northwest Region, giving focus to the role of the stability of the current structure of soils, considering the changes produced by the forms of use and occupation of the area. The analysis also considered variations of morphological characteristics of soils in profile and along the lithosactivity (pedological system), as well as your reflexes in the generation of sectors more or less susceptible to erosion in the shed. For the survey of the soils along the strand, the procedures proposed by the Structural Analysis of the Pedological Coverage and the collection of samples for the determination of the granulometry and stability of aggregates were used. The results indicated the action of the lateral and vertical water flows, acting on the transformation of the soil horizons along the slope and a variation of the structural stability associated with the morphological characteristics of the soils and the type of use and management used. The Argisols presented small aggregates and a textural gradient between the surface and subsurface horizon, giving it a strong susceptibility to erosion. The Nitossolo did not show great differentiation in the size of the aggregates, except in the Bw horizon, where the reduction in the size of the aggregates was associated to the morphological change of the soil structure.Keywords: structural analysis of the soil cover, stability of aggregates, susceptibility to erosion, pedological systems.

scholarly journals The Importance of Industry in Modern Economies of the Globalized World in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Olga Regnerova ◽  
Daniela Šálková ◽  
Petra Šánová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Industrial Capacity

Research background: The classic explanation about the structure of economies stipulates that, as societies advance, their economy gradually shifts towards the tertiary sector where the added value is the highest. While this logic proved to be empirically true during the last centuries, it nonetheless comes with significant issues in the long run. The need for manufactured products, which is constantly growing due to global economic development and a growing population, must still be addressed by an industrial base around. This leaves only two options open: 1. Some countries have to lag behind the rest of the world in terms of global economic development or 2. Developed countries will have to devote part of their labor and capital investment to (re) building capable industrial capacity. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to point out the influence of globalization on the position of production structures in the context of the global crisis. Methods: Comparative method, definition of the object of comparison and determination of the goal of comparison and determination of criteria for own analysis of relevant sources, induction, deduction, generalization. Findings & Value added: The only way to maintain enough industrial capacity to answer the demand in a globalized world without having some countries lagging behind will be to redistribute the production capabilities among the countries. This would make the economic playfield more even and would also have several side benefits regarding global environmental and political issues including unexpected crises such as pandemic period coronavirus.

scholarly journals The contribution of methionine to the stability of the Escherichia coli MetNIQ ABC transporter-substrate binding protein complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 396 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong T. Nguyen ◽  
Qi Wen Li ◽  
Neena S. Kadaba ◽  
Jeffrey Y. Lai ◽  
Janet G. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Conformations ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Despite the ubiquitous role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers in nutrient uptake, only the Escherichia coli maltose and vitamin B12 ABC transporters have been structurally characterized in multiple conformations relevant to the alternating access transport mechanism. To complement our previous structure determination of the E. coli MetNI methionine importer in the inward facing conformation (Kadaba et al. (2008) Science 321, 250–253), we have explored conditions stabilizing the outward facing conformation. Using two variants, the Walker B E166Q mutation with ATP+EDTA to stabilize MetNI in the ATP-bound conformation and the N229A variant of the binding protein MetQ, shown in this work to disrupt methionine binding, a high affinity MetNIQ complex was formed with a dissociation constant measured to be 27 nm. Using wild type MetQ containing a co-purified methionine (for which the crystal structure is reported at 1.6 Å resolution), the dissociation constant for complex formation with MetNI is measured to be ∼40-fold weaker, indicating that complex formation lowers the affinity of MetQ for methionine by this amount. Preparation of a stable MetNIQ complex is an essential step towards the crystallographic analysis of the outward facing conformation, a key intermediate in the uptake of methionine by this transport system.

scholarly journals FISCAL REGULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN CONSUMER MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Oksana DESYATNYUK ◽  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
National Production ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. In modern conditions it is important to ensure the competitiveness of one's own country by facilitating the development of high-tech, quality national production, with further stimulation of its exports and protection against fraudulent imports. The research of the state and trends of the consumer market is relevant and necessary for determining the directions and levers of the state's influence on its development. Purpose. The objective of this paper is to research the trends of the Ukrainian consumer market, substantiates possible ways of regulating it with the help of fiscal tools from the point of view of modern protectionism and taking into account globalization and integration requirements. Results. The dynamics and structure of consumer expenditures of households as the main end consumers, the share of imports in the consumer market of Ukraine, foreign trade trends are considered. The import dependence of the consumer market and disturbing tendencies for its strengthening have been revealed. The necessity to support and facilitate the development of national production and deterrence of imports has been identified. Conclusions. The expediency of the implementation of the import substitution policy, the use of fiscal instruments for the development of competitive production with the emphasis on the innovative component is substantiated. Anti-dumping, countervailing and special trade defence measures need to be improved and activated to counteract unfair imports.

scholarly journals Contemporary Role of SMEs in Employment in Manufacturing and Service Industries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Mavlutova ◽  
Kristaps Lesinskis ◽  
Grigorijs Olevskis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Developed Countries

Analysis made in the article allows to conclude that the SME sector of high-tech manufacturing industries plays growing role in solving the problems of employment in developed countries. However, the major problem is that it is capable for only partial compensation of the loss of jobs in labour intensive sectors of the economy. Accumulation of knowledge of the population in industrialized countries together with high levels of computer literacy contributes to the revitalization of business services sellers that are mainly small sized businesses. In the era of fast growing technology industries, in particular related to IT sector, the role of SMEs in economy is increasing as they are main players in start -up communities and IT industries in general. Thus they can growingly contribute to the employment and labour market. The authors proceed from the assumption that service sector, and business services in particular, to a certain extent are capable of absorbing of workforce. This article argues that employment in the service sector in the developed economies is still largely focused on traditional sectors of activity. The purpose of the paper is to investigate latest trends of SMEs role in employment in the developed countries and the role of service sector in stabilizing labour market. Theoretical approaches, statistical data and policy analysis are used to research contemporary labour market trends. Knowledge - intensive services that are important from the point of view of economic dynamics, only start to concur positions in the developed countries.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of L10 Loop in New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1): Kinetic and Dynamic Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5489
Author(s):  
Alessandra Piccirilli ◽  
Emanuele Criscuolo ◽  
Fabrizia Brisdelli ◽  
Paola Sandra Mercuri ◽  
Sabrina Cherubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Studies ◽  
The Stability

Four NDM-1 mutants (L218T, L221T, L269H and L221T/Y229W) were generated in order to investigate the role of leucines positioned in L10 loop. A detailed kinetic analysis stated that these amino acid substitutions modified the hydrolytic profile of NDM-1 against some β-lactams. Significant reduction of kcat values of L218T and L221T for carbapenems, cefazolin, cefoxitin and cefepime was observed. The stability of the NDM-1 and its mutants was explored by thermofluor assay in real-time PCR. The determination of TmB and TmD demonstrated that NDM-1 and L218T were the most stable enzymes. Molecular dynamic studies were performed to justify the differences observed in the kinetic behavior of the mutants. In particular, L218T fluctuated more than NDM-1 in L10, whereas L221T would seem to cause a drift between residues 75 and 125. L221T/Y229W double mutant exhibited a decrease in the flexibility with respect to L221T, explaining enzyme activity improvement towards some β-lactams. Distances between Zn1-Zn2 and Zn1-OH- or Zn2-OH- remained unaffected in all systems analysed. Significant changes were found between Zn1/Zn2 and first sphere coordination residues.

scholarly journals The Degree Of Ambiguity Of Homonymous Syntactic Structures In The Bosnian Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Jasmin Hodžić
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Ambiguity ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The Stability

In this paper has been specifi cally considered the issue of the potential and the actual syntactic ambiguity (or syntactic homonymy) which has led to the results indicating that the existence of ambiguity in syntax is not negligible, and that the role of the context in the analysis of the syntactic ambiguity is not as it has been assumed. A selected number of examples have been presented to native speakers in order to assess the meaning. The results of this questionnaire show that the native speakers have confi rmed the ambiguity of all the sentences. Ambiguity has been additionally analyzed through the calculation of the degree of ambiguity (i.e., determination of the stability of meaning) and the index of the degree of ambiguity (i.e., determination of the consistency of meaning).

scholarly journals Regulation of phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450s in rat and mouse liver following dexamethasone administration and hypophysectomy

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Meehan ◽  
L M Forrester ◽  
K Stevenson ◽  
N D Hastie ◽  
A Buchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Difference ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome

Cytochrome P-450s are a superfamily of haem-containing proteins involved in the metabolism of foreign compounds, as well as a variety of endogenous molecules. The hepatic levels and function of this diverse group of enzymes are determined by both constitutive and xenobiotic regulators. To examine the role of constitutive factors in cytochrome P-450 regulation, the levels of three distinct groups of phenobarbital-inducible hepatic cytochrome P-450s were studied following dexamethasone-treatment or hypophysectomy. In the mouse, dexamethasone was a potent inducer of proteins within the PB1 (subfamily IIC), PB2c (family III) and PB3 (subfamily IIB) families. These findings were strikingly different from the effects in the rat where essentially no effect on PB3 expression and indeed suppression of proteins related to PB1 was observed. Determination of mRNA concentration indicated that the difference was at the level of transcription. These findings indicate that synthetic glucocorticoids have the potential to be potent phenobarbital-like inducing agents. In the mouse hypophysectomy, like dexamethasone, induced hepatic mRNA of P-450 from families P-450IIB, P-450IIC and P-450III. Again a species difference was observed as this treatment had essentially no effect in the rat. These data in the mouse indicate that factors produced in the pituitary can either affect the transcription rate of phenobarbital and dexamethasone-inducible P-450 genes or influence the stability of their mRNAs.

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